Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Jardim Alexandre Supioni.pdf: 877480 bytes, checksum: c5a8e092d51ca8e111b92363f5fcd640 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-11 / The research formulated on this study intends establish the scientific study application of the single paragraph of Article 927 of the Civil Code in labor relations since the incidence to removal of duty indemnify that can alleged as means of defense to employer. The article includes a general clause of objective liability that imposes the duty to repair, without fault, the damages caused by activities envolving risks for rights of others. In view of the forecast of article 7, XXVIII, of the Constitution which establishes the necessity the presence of employer s fraud or fault that to arise the duty to indemnify the damages suffered for your employees, we need establish the integration of the civilian an constitutional articles for to verify the possibility application in labor relations. We elected the French Revolution as a historical milestone for the development of the risk theory and, from there, it was possible to demarcate the social changes that have transformed the former of individualist thinking for the development of social as a new paradigm of legal relations with the overcoming of 19th century codes and the development of post positivistic hermeneutics. In this perspective, we search for an integrated interpretation of the constitutional and civil articles using the historical cultural hermeneutics and the legislative technique, which includes the general norms and undefined legal concepts. Overcome the constitutional issue, we analyze the assumptions of objective liability in labor relations, establishing the criteria for identifying activities that involve risk, causation, damages and the criteria for their repair. The exclusive are analyzed in the fourth chapter, specifically in relation to those who break the causal link and therefore are able to broke the duty to indemnify in the event of impact of activities involving risks. In the final chapter, we established some considerations that aim to balance the system, in view of the constitutional principles of human dignity, social value of work and free enterprise, proposing that society achieve your objective: the mutual good / A pesquisa do presente trabalho visa estabelecer os critérios de aplicação do parágrafo único do artigo 927 do Código Civil nas relações de trabalho, desde sua incidência até as excludentes. O mencionado dispositivo incluiu uma cláusula de responsabilidade civil objetiva que impõe o dever de reparar, independentemente de culpa, os danos causados pelas atividades que impliquem riscos para os diretos de outrem. Tendo em vista a disposição expressa do artigo 7o, inciso XXVIII, da Constituição Federal que estabelece a necessidade da presença de dolo ou culpa do empregador para que surja o dever de indenizar, coube-nos a tarefa de estabelecer a integração da disposição civil com a norma constitucional a fim de verificar a possibilidade de aplicação do parágrafo único do artigo 927 nas relações de trabalho. Partimos das mudanças sociais que transformaram a matriz do pensamento individualista para o desenvolvimento do critério social como novo paradigma das relações jurídicas. Utilizamos os métodos de interpretação gramatical, teleológico e histórico-evolutivo, posto que complementares e condizentes com o inovador critério do legislador de 2002 que optou pela técnica legislativa que contempla as cláusulas gerais e os conceitos legais indeterminados. Com isso pretendemos estabelecer a integração entre os dispositivos constitucionais e os dispositivos de Direito Civil, alcançando assim o melhor sentido das normas analisadas. Ultrapassada a questão constitucional, passamos a analisar os pressupostos da responsabilidade civil objetiva nas relações de trabalho, com o fim de identificarmos o que representa o conceito de atividade que envolve risco, como se estabelece o nexo de causalidade entre essa atividade e os danos por ela causados, além dos critérios para reparação. As excludentes da responsabilidade civil objetiva - aquelas que rompem o nexo de causalidade entre a atividade de risco e o infortúnio laboral - são analisadas no quarto capítulo, revelando-se eficientes para afastar o dever do empregador de indenizar. No capítulo final, estabelecemos algumas propostas que visam equilibrar o sistema de responsabilidade civil, considerando os princípios constitucionais da dignidade humana, do valor social do trabalho e da livre iniciativa, com o propósito de estabelecer um caminho seguro para que a sociedade alcance seu maior objetivo: o bem comum

Das niederländische Wirtschaftsministerium hat 2014 eine umfassende Studie über alle zukünftig noch sicherheitlich relevanten Themenbereiche des Nachbergbaus für das Südlimburger Steinkohlenrevier beauftragt. Der Bergbau wurde hier bis 1974 stillgelegt; der Grubenwasseranstieg ist aber aufgrund der hydraulischen Verbindungen zu dem erst in 1992 stillgelegten Aachener Steinkohlenrevier noch nicht abgeschlossen. Der Auftrag wurde an ein deutsch/niederländisches Projektteam vergeben, das sowohl detaillierte Kenntnisse der regionalen Hydrogeologie besitzt als auch eine Bearbeitung von Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit Risiken durch bergbauliche Hinterlassenschaften auf dem aktuellen Stand der Technik und nach neuesten Forschungsergebnissen gewährleisten konnte. Auf der Grundlage einer umfassenden Bestandsaufnahme sowie einem regionalen Grundwassermodell wurden eine Risikobewertung vorgenommen und Konzepte für Maßnahmen und ein Monitoring erarbeitet. Die Studie wurde Ende 2016 veröffentlicht; der vorliegende Beitrag liefert eine Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen. / The Ministerie van Economische Zaken (EZ) of the Netherlands in 2014 initiated the project „Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg“ and commissioned a comprising study considering all future safety aspects with respect to the potential consequences of the former hard coal exploitation in South Limburg. The coal mines were abandoned until 1974; due to hydraulic connections to the Aachen mining district, that was abandoned in 1992, the rise of the mine water has not finished yet. The study was assigned to a German-Dutch project group with comprising references of the regional Hydrogeology as well as excellent expertise in all questions regarding risks from mining relicts. Based on a comprising inventory and a regional groundwater model a risk assessment was carried out and a concept for measures and monitoring elaborated. The study was published in 2016; the paper in hand provides a summary of the results and recommendations.