Obesity levels are increasing worldwide, and in the United Kingdom the prevalence of overweight and obesity is amongst the highest in the developed world. Obesity is associated with reduced physical function and health-related quality of life, as well as an increased risk of co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. As a result of high levels of morbid obesity and a failure of conventional methods of weight loss, more people are resorting to invasive weight loss techniques such as bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery combined with lifestyle modification is currently the most successful weight loss intervention for the treatment of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. However, weight regain is becoming more apparent, generally occurring between 12 and 24 months after surgery. Weight regain is generally attributed to the failure of individuals to adopt or maintain the necessary lifestyle changes. The most common factors leading to weight regain after bariatric surgery are insufficient exercise and returning to pre-operative eating behaviours. Increasing physical activity after surgery positively affects weight loss and physical function outcomes; therefore, adopting an active lifestyle is fundamental. This thesis combines three research studies which collectively provide evidence for understanding the importance of physical activity for optimising physical function and facilitating the prevention of weight regain. Study one is a systematic review and meta-analysis which assessed pre to post-operative changes in physical activity behaviour and physical function outcomes among obese adults receiving bariatric surgery. This demonstrates improvements in objective and self-reported activity and function by 12 months. Study two is an analysis of body mass, co-morbidity and physical function data from pre to post bariatric surgery. This retrospective NHS dataset analysis aimed to identify if and when weight regain occurs, the proportion of co-morbidity resolution, and physical function patterns in patients after bariatric surgery. Weight loss patterns indicate weight stability from 12 to 24 months and weight regain 24 months post-surgery. Study three is a randomised controlled trial, The MOTION Study, which examined the effect of a 12 week exercise intervention on physical function and body composition in patients 12-24 months post bariatric surgery. This trial also examined maintenance of effects at six months. Findings suggest that implementing exercise at the point of weight regain is effective, notably for improving physical function and body composition in this population. This thesis therefore contributes to advancing the understanding of the role of physical activity in enhancing long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery and to informing future post-operative bariatric care.

Title: Sexual satisfaction in people with spinal cord injuries engaged in regular physical activity. Objectives: The main goal of this work is to determine the level of sexual satisfaction in people with spinal cord injuries, who perform regular physical activity. Methods: A battery of questions was used to find out the satisfaction of people with spinal cord injuries, who regularly perform physical activity. The WHOQOL 100, PASID, LATA, SAS SAQ questionnaires were used as basic for creating battery of questions. Data collection was completely anonymous and took place online. The survey involved 21 respondents with spinal cord injuries (18 men and 3 women) aged 18 to 75 years. All were included in the research because they met the criteria for performing regular physical activity. The results of the survey were processed into graphs and tables and supplemented by a written commentary. Results: It was found that for a majority of respondents their sexual life is important and for most of them the sexual life is a source of pleasure. Almost half of the respondents consider their sexual life satisfactory. However , less than half of the respondents state that not all their needs are met. The research suggests that satisfaction with amount of physical activity performed may be related to higher quality...

This thesis deals with the impact of the specific physical activity on the physical fitness of children measured by UNIFITTEST (6-60). Final results were processed based on the UNIFITTEST standarts and the information about physical activity of the children were taken from the questionnaire which have been created specifically for this research. The stated research questions were compared with results from the practical part of the thesis and were discussed in the discussion chapter. By this research we have found out that children form seventh and eighth grade have reached an average value in motoric tests. Due to this work children have found out their physical fitness and so they could compared it with their classmates. Also they have got to know with the physical tests with which they can be part of during physical lessons. This work was made by research form realised at standard nonspecific elementary school Na Výsluní in Brandýs nad Labem. The total amount of the participants were 194 from 12 to14 years. KEYWORDS Physical fitness, measurement, UNIFITTEST, performance, physical activity, testing

<p>Physical inactivity has become a global health concern and is among the 10 leading causes of death and disability. This has led to increased concern for chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL).&nbsp / Studies have revealed that regular physical activity is effective in combating several CDL such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension and obesity. Physiotherapists are in a&nbsp / position to combat inactivity and effectively promote physical activity to their clients. Studies however have shown that participation in physical activity among physiotherapists could have an&nbsp / impact on the promotion of physical activity and their health practices. This study therefore sought to establish the relationship between physical activity levels of physiotherapists and their&nbsp / physical&nbsp / activity promotion strategies and barriers to promoting physical activity. Sequential Mixed Method Design was used in this study. Data was collected by means of a self administered&nbsp / questionnaire and a total of 92 physiotherapists voluntarily answered the questionnaire. A focus group discussion comprising of 10 purposively selected physiotherapists was conducted. The&nbsp / questionnaire assessed physical activity levels&nbsp / and physical activity promoting strategies of the participants while the focus groupdiscussion looked at the barriers to promoting physical&nbsp / activity. The Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic information&nbsp / as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square) was used to test the associations between different categorical variables (p&lt / 0.05). For the qualitative data, focus group discussions were used to collect data. Tape recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, field notes typed, sorting and arranging data was done and themes&nbsp / &nbsp / were generated. Thematic analysis was then done under the generated themes. Ethical issues pertaining to informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality and the right to withdraw from the&nbsp / study were respected in this current study. The findings in the current study revealed that a big number of the participants were physical active both at work and recreation domains. However,&nbsp / there was no statistically significant association between physical activity and the demographicvariables. The results in this study revealed that the majority of participants were good&nbsp / physical activity promoting practices, although there was no significant association between physical activity levels and the physical activity promoting practices. The finding in this study revealed that discussing physical&nbsp / activity and giving out information regarding physical activity to their clients were the most common methods used in promoting physical activity. However, participants also highlighted barriers they&nbsp / ace in promotion of physical activity such as policies on physical activity, cultural influence, nature of work, time management as well as environmental barriers. The study demonstrates the&nbsp / need for all stakeholders to come up with solutions to break the barriers to promotion of physical activity. In return it will bring about enormous health&nbsp / benefits to the general population.</p>

<p>Physical inactivity has become a global health concern and is among the 10 leading causes of death and disability. This has led to increased concern for chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL).&nbsp / Studies have revealed that regular physical activity is effective in combating several CDL such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension and obesity. Physiotherapists are in a&nbsp / position to combat inactivity and effectively promote physical activity to their clients. Studies however have shown that participation in physical activity among physiotherapists could have an&nbsp / impact on the promotion of physical activity and their health practices. This study therefore sought to establish the relationship between physical activity levels of physiotherapists and their&nbsp / physical&nbsp / activity promotion strategies and barriers to promoting physical activity. Sequential Mixed Method Design was used in this study. Data was collected by means of a self administered&nbsp / questionnaire and a total of 92 physiotherapists voluntarily answered the questionnaire. A focus group discussion comprising of 10 purposively selected physiotherapists was conducted. The&nbsp / questionnaire assessed physical activity levels&nbsp / and physical activity promoting strategies of the participants while the focus groupdiscussion looked at the barriers to promoting physical&nbsp / activity. The Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic information&nbsp / as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square) was used to test the associations between different categorical variables (p&lt / 0.05). For the qualitative data, focus group discussions were used to collect data. Tape recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, field notes typed, sorting and arranging data was done and themes&nbsp / &nbsp / were generated. Thematic analysis was then done under the generated themes. Ethical issues pertaining to informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality and the right to withdraw from the&nbsp / study were respected in this current study. The findings in the current study revealed that a big number of the participants were physical active both at work and recreation domains. However,&nbsp / there was no statistically significant association between physical activity and the demographicvariables. The results in this study revealed that the majority of participants were good&nbsp / physical activity promoting practices, although there was no significant association between physical activity levels and the physical activity promoting practices. The finding in this study revealed that discussing physical&nbsp / activity and giving out information regarding physical activity to their clients were the most common methods used in promoting physical activity. However, participants also highlighted barriers they&nbsp / ace in promotion of physical activity such as policies on physical activity, cultural influence, nature of work, time management as well as environmental barriers. The study demonstrates the&nbsp / need for all stakeholders to come up with solutions to break the barriers to promotion of physical activity. In return it will bring about enormous health&nbsp / benefits to the general population.</p>

In last several years the amount of physical activities during our day time seriously decreased. That phenomenon was caused by reduction of physically demanding works in our jobs and sitting way of spending free time. The result of the previous fact is population fitness worsening and consequently worsening of the labour productivity and health condition. The fitness is tightly connected with the relationship between a man and a movement and sporting activities. It should become the important part of the healthy life style and influence the formation of proper manners of every single man. The fitness is one of the markers of the cardiovascular system condition. And it is considered to be the certain sum of preconditions for optimal reaction on the stress of whatever cause. The regular training, the physical activity and the daily reasonable energetic income are the safest and the least economically demanding ways how to prevent civilisation diseases. The first task of the theses was to assess the fitness of women students of The University of South Bohemia. The fitness was assessed on the base of Ruffier?s test. The second task was to compare the fitness of several groups of students which represented every single faculty of The University of South Bohemia. The both tasks were completed. Two hypotheses were settled and confirmed in purpose to reach the goal of the theses. H1: The numerological value of the Rufier?s test of women students of the Faculty of Education is lower than the result of women from the other faculties. H2: Women students whose result of Ruffier?s test is 0-5 are spending more time by performing physical activity than other students. In this theses, Ruffier?s test as a non-direct way of assessing the fitness has been chosen to confirm the both hypotheses. Ruffier?s test is a simple test to asses the fitness which uses changes of the hearth rate before and after exercising. The test is based on the general premise that the hard body exercising which last for a longer period of time is connected with the rising of heart rate. The heart rate was recorded by sport tester. Heart rate values were set into the pattern for counting the index of Ruffier?s test and consequently classified. Averages of the Ruffier?s index of each faculty were measured and compared. The questionnaire was ad to the Ruffier?s index for better assessing the fitness of students. The questionnaire was composed by thirteen questions. Some of questions were of open and some of close type. The questionnaires were anonymous. Hypothesis H1 was confirmed. The average value of the Ruffier?s index for women students of the pedagogical faculty was 10,7. And the average value of the Ruffier?s index for women students of other faculties was 13. It means the average fitness of women students of pedagogical faculty is better than the average fitness of women students of other faculties. Hypothesis H2 confirmed the correlation between the time spending by physical exercising and the better fitness. The more times weekly women students exercise for more than 30 minutes a day the lower value of the Ruffier?s index they have. The assumption of the average values of the Ruffier?s index of those women from 0 to 5 was overstated. Women student in this project had the average values from 10 to 15 which mean worse values of fitness. Despite the worse values of Ruffier?s index, the correlation between the spending time by exercising and better fitness was confirmed. To sum up, there is a recommendation to compensate the simple monotone physical activity by wide spectrum of physical activities. The sport should be introduced into the life style. The person with a good fitness has less problems with movement, can work for a longer time without break, is strong and capable to fulfil everyday tasks with reserves. The process of improving the fitness is a run for a long distance but it should be the goal of all people no matter of how old they are.

A significant problem of the 21st century, across different countries, is currently insufficient physical activity and a large increase in obesity . Influence of physical impairment on the prevalence of obesity is proven. At this time the physical activity is not sufficient for biological needs of man and as a result of this is a threat to the human species. With the alarming rise of health problems, which results from improper lifestyle , against all the progress in medical science, these conditions are a reality of modern civilization. Physical activity with its health benefits is one of the key topics of health education. In this thesis, the state of physical activity among female students of The Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, both day and part-time bachelor's and master's degree program is monitored by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The theoretical part deals with concepts such as physical activity and a summary of the activities practiced out in a unit of time and definition and classification of them. Another two chapters are devoted to the health benefits of physical activity and another aspects of physical activity in relation to health. The practical part of this thesis analyzes in detail the results of the standardized questionnaire IPAQ, which monitors the activity of the individual within seven days. Female Students responded to 27 questions , which were divided into four part evaluation exercise. A separate part of the evaluation was the time spent sitting and personal anamnesis of the respondent. The evaluation was processed using simple statistical method and recorded in a bar graph.

Title: The level of physical activity and physical fitness in school age children Author: Bc. Luboš Soldát Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn, Ph.D. Objectives: Chart the level of physical fitness and level of physical activity at younger school children. Discover the strength of the relationship between physical fitness level and physical activity level at children of this age. Methods: The research group consisted of third, fourth and fifth grade pupils (n = 77; 9.8 ± 0.6 years). To determine the fitness level, the Unifittest (6-60) was used and weekly measurements using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers were used to determine the level of physical activity. Results: The average daily time spent on activities at medium to very high levels of physical activity exceeded the recommended health standard set at 60 minutes a day. The average daily number of steps did not exceed the recommended health standard of 11000 steps per day. At physical fitness tests 29 % of children achieved to average results, 36 % of children to below- average results and 35 % of children to above-average results. The average amount of subcutaneous fat was measured by 42 % of children, below 8 % of children and above average of 50 % of children. The strength of the relationship between the level of physical fitness and the level...

Title: Relation between motor skills, physical fitness and body composition in preschoolers age 4. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determinate if there are any significant relationships between motor skills, physical fitness and body composition in preschool age. Furthermore, to determine the degree of these relationships and their stability over time using repeated measures. Methods: The research group consisted of n=17 preschool-age children. For the evaluation of body composition we used the method according to Matiegka (1921) The level of gross motor skills was assessed with a TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000). To determine the level of physical fitness, a combination of agility test 4x5 metre, multistage 20-metre shuttle run, standing long jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and throw ball with alternative hands. Basic descriptive statistics, normality tests, Pearson correlation, paired T-test and regression analysis with level of clinical significance were used to analyze obtained data. Results: The results of our study did not find any clinically significant relationships between the level of motor skills, physical fitness and body composition. The largest relationship was found between the 4x5 m agility test and the jump within TGMD- 2 (r = -0.68). We found the highest stability (reliability) in the...

Introduction: Thanks to modern medicine people with chronic forms of the diseases can live longer than before. In this work we concerned with last stage of chronical kidney dinase, which is treated by dialysis or transplantation. Succesful renal transplantation leads to significant improvement in quality of life of patients, but after transplantation there are still some risk factors, which may influence health and physical condition of men. We can eliminace these risk factors with some non-pharmacological ways, for example with intervention program of regular physical activity and special nutrition, which can help to gain and increase patient`s physical condition. The main focus of research of this thesis was to evaluate physical condition and amount of physical aktivity of 4 groups of patients, each with another intervention, after renal transplant. We used the battery of motor tests "Senior Fitness Test Manual". Aim: Analyze, how regular physical activity, special nutrition and combination of both influence physical condition of patients after renal transplant. Methods: This research work is a part of the grant project IGA MZ CR 173 (NS-10518- 3/2009). We used 21 participants selected from patients of Nephrology Clinic TC IKEM in Prague for our solution. Physical fitness testing was performed...