Control over wireless sensor and actuator networks is of growing interest in process industry since it enables flexible design, deployment, operation, and maintenance. An important problem in industrial wireless control is how to limit the amount of information that needs to be exchanged over the network. In this thesis, network scheduling and remote control co-design is considered to address this problem. In the first part, we propose a design of an optimal network schedule for state estimation over a multi-hop wireless sensor network. We formulate an optimization problem, minimizing a linear combination of the averaged estimation error and transmission energy. A periodic network schedule is obtained, which specifies when and through which routes each sensor in the network should transmit its measurement, so that an optimal remote estimate under sensor energy consideration is achieved. We also propose some suboptimal schedules to reduce the computational load. The effectiveness of the suboptimal schedules is evaluated in numerical examples. In the second part, we propose a co-design framework for sensor scheduling, routing, and control over a multi-hop wireless sensor and actuator network. For a decoupled plant and LQG control performance, we formulate an optimization problem and show that the optimal schedule, routing, and control can be obtained locally for each control loop. In this part, we also introduce algorithms to reconfigure the schedules and routes when a link in the network is disconnected. The results are illustrated in a numerical example. In the third part, we consider event-based feedforward control from a wireless disturbance sensor. We derive stability conditions when the closed-loop system is subject to actuator saturation. Feedforward control with anti-windup compensation is introduced to reduce the effect of actuator saturation. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated in some numerical examples. / <p>QC 20181029</p>

L'Internet des objets (ou IdO) se traduit à l'heure actuelle par l'accroissement du nombre d'objets connectés, c'est-à-dire d'appareils possédant une identité propre et des capacités de calcul et de communication de plus en plus sophistiquées : téléphones, montres, appareils ménagers, etc. Ces objets embarquent un nombre grandissant de capteurs et d'actionneurs leur permettant de mesurer l'environnement et d'agir sur celui-ci, faisant ainsi le lien entre le monde physique et le monde virtuel. Spécifiquement, l'Internet des objets pose plusieurs problèmes, notamment du fait de sa très grande échelle, de sa nature dynamique et de l'hétérogénéité des données et des systèmes qui le composent (appareils puissants/peu puissants, fixes/mobiles, batteries/alimentations continues, etc.). Ces caractéristiques nécessitent des outils et des méthodes idoines pour la réalisation d'applications capables (i) d'extraire des informations utiles depuis les nombreuses sources de données disponibles et (ii) d'interagir aussi bien avec l'environnement, au moyen des actionneurs, qu'avec les utilisateurs, au moyen d'interfaces dédiées. Dans cette optique, nous défendons la thèse suivante : en raison de la nature continue des données (mesures physiques, évènements, etc.) et leur volume, il est important de considérer (i) les flux comme modèle de données de référence de l'Internet des objets et (ii) le traitement continu comme modèle de calcul privilégié pour transformer ces flux. En outre, étant donné les préoccupations croissantes relatives à la consommation énergétique et au respect de la vie privée, il est préférable de laisser les objets agir au plus près des utilisateurs, si possible de manière autonome, au lieu de déléguer systématiquement l'ensemble des tâches à de grandes entités extérieures telles que le cloud. À cette fin, notre principale contribution porte sur la réalisation d'un système distribué de gestion de flux de données pour l'Internet des objets. Nous réexaminons notamment deux aspects clés du génie logiciel et des systèmes distribués : les architectures de services et le déploiement. Ainsi, nous apportons des solutions (i) pour l'accès aux flux de données sous la forme de services et (ii) pour le déploiement automatique des traitements continus en fonction des caractéristiques des appareils. Ces travaux sont concrétisés sous la forme d'un intergiciel, Dioptase, spécifiquement conçu pour être exécuté directement sur les objets et les transformer en fournisseurs génériques de services de calcul et de stockage.Pour valider nos travaux et montrer la faisabilité de notre approche, nous introduisons un prototype de Dioptase dont nous évaluons les performances en pratique. De plus, nous montrons que Dioptase est une solution viable, capable de s'interfacer avec les systèmes antérieurs de capteurs et d'actionneurs déjà déployés dans l'environnement. / The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently characterized by an ever-growing number of networked Things, i.e., devices which have their own identity together with advanced computation and networking capabilities: smartphones, smart watches, smart home appliances, etc. In addition, these Things are being equipped with more and more sensors and actuators that enable them to sense and act on their environment, enabling the physical world to be linked with the virtual world. Specifically, the IoT raises many challenges related to its very large scale and high dynamicity, as well as the great heterogeneity of the data and systems involved (e.g., powerful versus resource-constrained devices, mobile versus fixed devices, continuously-powered versus battery-powered devices, etc.). These challenges require new systems and techniques for developing applications that are able to (i) collect data from the numerous data sources of the IoT and (ii) interact both with the environment using the actuators, and with the users using dedicated GUIs. To this end, we defend the following thesis: given the huge volume of data continuously being produced by sensors (measurements and events), we must consider (i) data streams as the reference data model for the IoT and (ii) continuous processing as the reference computation model for processing these data streams. Moreover, knowing that privacy preservation and energy consumption are increasingly critical concerns, we claim that all the Things should be autonomous and work together in restricted areas as close as possible to the users rather than systematically shifting the computation logic into powerful servers or into the cloud. For this purpose, our main contribution can be summarized as designing and developing a distributed data stream management system for the IoT. In this context, we revisit two fundamental aspects of software engineering and distributed systems: service-oriented architecture and task deployment. We address the problems of (i) accessing data streams through services and (ii) deploying continuous processing tasks automatically, according to the characteristics of both tasks and devices. This research work lead to the development of a middleware layer called Dioptase, designed to run on the Things and abstract them as generic devices that can be dynamically assigned communication, storage and computation tasks according to their available resources. In order to validate the feasability and the relevance of our work, we implemented a prototype of Dioptase and evaluated its performance. In addition, we show that Dioptase is a realistic solution which can work in cooperation with legacy sensor and actuator networks currently deployed in the environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscillaVD_DISSERT.pdf: 2033070 bytes, checksum: 27c8a6f6a0e802c19b0f74553cc6db23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / The field of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) is fast increasing and has attracted the interest of both the research community and the industry because of several factors, such as the applicability of such networks in different application domains (aviation, civil engineering, medicine, and others). Moreover, advances in wireless communication and the reduction of hardware components size also contributed for a fast spread of these networks. However, there are still several challenges and open issues that need to be tackled in order to achieve the full potential of WSAN usage. The development of WSAN systems is one of the most relevant of these challenges considering the number of variables involved in this process. Currently, a broad range of WSAN platforms and low level programming languages are available to build WSAN systems. Thus, developers need to deal with details of different sensor platforms and low-level programming abstractions of sensor operational systems on one hand, and they also need to have specific (high level) knowledge about the distinct application domains, on the other hand. Therefore, in order to decouple the handling of these two different levels of knowledge, making easier the development process of WSAN systems, we propose LWiSSy (Domain Language for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Systems), a domain specific language (DSL) for WSAN. The use of DSLs raises the abstraction level during the programming of systems and modularizes the system building in several steps. Thus, LWiSSy allows the domain experts to directly contribute in the development of WSANs without having knowledge on low level sensor platforms, and network experts to program sensor nodes to meet application requirements without having specific knowledge on the application domain. Additionally, LWiSSy enables the system decomposition in different levels of abstraction according to structural and behavioral features and granularities (network, node group and single node level programming) / As Redes de Sensores e Atuadores Sem Fio (RSASF) v?m emergindo rapidamente e t?m atra?do o interesse da comunidade de pesquisa e da ind?stria, gra?as a v?rios fatores, dentre eles a aplicabilidade desse tipo de rede nos mais diversos dom?nios de aplica??es (avia??o, engenharia civil, medicina, dentre outros). Al?m disso, avan?os na comunica??o sem fio e miniaturiza??o dos componentes de hardware tamb?m contribu?ram para a r?pida prolifera??o dessas redes. Apesar disso, ainda existem alguns desafios a serem transpostos a fim de se atingir o pleno potencial de utiliza??o das RSASF. Dentre estes, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de RSASF aparece como um dos mais relevantes atualmente, haja vista a quantidade de vari?veis envolvidas no processo de desenvolvimento. Atualmente, uma vasta gama de plataformas de RSASF e diversas linguagens de programa??o de baixo n?vel podem ser empregadas no desenvolvimento desses sistemas. Dessa forma, ? necess?rio que o desenvolvedor possua tanto conhecimento de baixo n?vel relativo ? plataforma da RSASF, quanto conhecimento espec?fico do dom?nio de cada uma das aplica??es presentes no sistema. A fim de efetuar o desacoplamento da utiliza??o destes conhecimentos durante o processo de desenvolvimento, de forma a facilitar tal processo, este trabalho prop?e LWiSSy (Domain Language for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Systems), uma linguagem para modelagem de sistemas para RSASF baseada no uso de DSLs (Domain Specific Language). As DSLs, pelo fato de aumentarem o n?vel de abstra??o da programa??o e modularizarem a constru??o de sistemas em v?rias etapas, permitir?o que ambos os especialistas envolvidos (dom?nio e redes) possam contribuir diretamente durante o desenvolvimento do sistema e de maneira mais desacoplada do que ocorre atualmente. Al?m dos benef?cios supracitados, LWiSSy possibilitar? ainda a decomposi??o do sistema em diferentes n?veis de abstra??o, haja vista a necessidade de representar diferentes caracter?sticas (estrutural e comportamental) e granulosidades (programa??o em n?vel de rede, em n?vel de grupos de n?s e em n?vel de n?) em um ?nico sistema

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux réseaux urbains considérés par le projet ANR ARESA2 qui sont principalement des réseaux de capteurs et actionneurs hétérogènes : l’hétérogénéité est causée par la coexistence des noeuds capteurs à faibles ressources et des noeuds actionneurs riches en ressources. Ces derniers devraient être utilisés de manière différenciée par le réseau. C’est dans ce contexte que se déroule cette thèse dans laquelle nous avons étudié des algorithmes d’auto-organisations et de routage s’appuyant sur l’hétérogénéité. Au début, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’auto-organisation dans un contexte hétérogène. Se basant sur l’idée que les ressources au niveau des noeuds actionneurs doivent être exploitées afin de réduire la charge de communication au niveau des noeuds capteurs, nous avons proposé un protocole d’auto-organisation appelée Far-Legos. Far-Legos permet de profiter de la puissance d’émission des actionneurs pour apporter une information de gradient au niveau des capteurs. Les actionneurs initient et construisent une topologie logique. Cette dernière sera utilisée pour faciliter la phase de collecte de données à partir des noeuds capteurs vers les noeuds actionneurs. Ensuite, nous nous sommes intéressés aux liens asymétriques causés par la présence de différents types de noeuds avec différentes portées de transmission. Ces liens asymétriques, causés par l’hétérogénéité au niveau des noeuds constituant le réseau, peuvent détériorer les performances des protocoles de routage qui ne tiennent pas compte de ce type de liens. Pour éviter la dégradation de ces protocoles de routage, nous introduisons une nouvelle métrique de calcul de gradient ou de rang. Celle-ci sera utile pour détecter et éviter les liens asymétriques au niveau de la couche réseau pour le protocole de routage RPL. Nous présentons aussi une adaptation du protocole de collecte de données basé sur Legos pour détecter et éviter ces liens asymétriques. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’exploitation de ces liens asymétriques. Nous proposons ainsi un protocole de collecte de données dédiés aux réseaux hétérogènes contenant des liens asymétriques appelé AsymRP. AsymRP est un protocole de routage dédié au trafic de collecte de données basé sur une connaissance de voisinage à 2-sauts combinée avec l’utilisation des messages d’acquittements (ACKs) implicites et une technique de routage de messages ACKs explicites. Cette proposition tire profit des liens asymétriques afin d’assurer une collecte de données fiable. / In this thesis, we focused on urban wireless networks considered by the ANR project ARESA2. The networks considered by this project are heterogeneous networks. This heterogeneity is caused by the coexistence of sensor nodes with limited resources and actuator nodes with higher resources. Actuators nodes should be used differentially by the network. Hence designed protocols for WSANs should exploit resource-rich devices to reduce the communication burden on low power nodes. It is in this context that this thesis takes place in which we studied self-organizing and routing algorithms based on the heterogeneity. First, we are interested in self-organization protocols in a heterogeneous network. Based on the idea that resource-rich nodes must be exploited to reduce the communication load level on low-power nodes, we proposed self-organizing protocol called Far-Legos. Far-Legos uses the large transmit power of actuators to provide gradient information to sensor nodes. Actuators initiate and construct a logical topology. The nature of this logical topology is different inside and outside the transmission range of these resourceful nodes. This logical topology will be used to facilitate the data collection from sensor to actuator nodes. Second, we investigated the asymmetric links caused by the presence of heterogeneous nodes with different transmission ranges. The apparition of asymmetric links can dramatically decrease the performance of routing protocols that are not designed to support them. To prevent performance degradation of these routing protocols, we introduce a new metric for rank calculation. This metric will be useful to detect and avoid asymmetric links for RPL routing protocol. We also present an adaptation of data collection protocol based on Legos to detect and avoid these asymmetric links. Finally, we are interested in exploiting the asymmetric links present in the network. We proposed a new routing protocol for data collection in heterogeneous networks, called AsymRP. AsymRP, a convergecast routing protocol, assumes 2-hop neighborhood knowledge and uses implicit and explicit acknowledgment. It takes advantage of asymmetric links to ensure reliable data collection.