Habilitationsschrift--Bochum. / Bibliography: p. [88]-97.

Inaug.-diss.--Leipzig. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Leipzig. / Bibliographical footnotes.

I STUDIES ON THE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI) Upon adaptation of rainbow trout to 80% sea water, the glomerular filtration rate, as measured by the method of inulin clearance, was reduced from 156 ± 8.9 to 10.0 ± 2.6 ml./kg. body weight/day. Return to fresh water after one month in sea water was accompanied by a rapid re-establishment of the high glomerular filtration rate. This lability of the glomerular filtration rate in the trout is probably an important factor contributing to the reduction of urine flow associated with the adaptation of the euryhaline form to sea water. The effects of adrenocortical and mammalian neurohypophysial hormones on the glomerular filtration rate were studied. Vasopressin and oxytocin, when administered either separately or together, significantly increased the filtration rate, aldosterone had no effect, while corticosterone caused a significant reduction. II STUDIES ON ELECTROLYTE EXCRETION IN THE GREEN TURTLE (CHELONIA MYDAS) The extracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium in the marine turtle, Chelonia mydas mydas, were unchanged after adaptation to a fresh water environment. At the same time the urinary concentrations of these ions were significantly reduced. In addition, the "salt glands" of fresh water adapted juvenile turtles showed a 38% regression in absolute weight. Feeding and saline-loading of sea water adapted turtles elicited rates of sodium and potassium excretion greatly in excess of those possible via the kidney. Failure to detect significant changes in these rates following occlusion of the cloaca further indicated that the major site of electrolyte excretion after feeding or saline-loading was the salt gland. Suppression of adrenocorticosteriod synthesis by treatment with amphenone "B" immediately after feeding or saline-loading reduced the excretion of sodium and potassium to unfed or non-loaded levels. The normal pattern of sodium excretion but not of potassium excretion could be restored in the amphenone-treated animals by the simultaneous administration of corti-costerone. The significance of the ingestion of sea water is discussed in relation to the high electrolyte intake associated with the diet of these turtles. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Abnormal mitotic divisions and chromosomal aberrations were observed in onion root-tip cells treated with various concentrations of sunflower seed oil and for varying times. All treatments induced similar chromosomal aberrations but the number and extent of the deviations were influenced by the concentration and duration of the exposure. Abnormalities included pycnosis, "sticky" anaphase and telophase bridges with or without fragments, c-mitosis and inhibition of cell division. Chromosome and chromatid breakage with erosion and fragmentation were maximum at metaphase and anaphase four hours after treatment with 0.1 ppm oil concentration. Binucleate cells, micro-and macronuclei and some polyploidy appeared following recovery in -tap water. Spindle abnormalities were indicated by arrested meta-phases, multipolar anaphases and misdivision at anaphase. It is suggested that these chromosomal and spindle aberrations were induced by the carbon-carbon double bonds present in the unsaturated acids of the sunflower seed oil which enabled them to function as electron donors and to undergo such reactions as the addition of hydrogen, of water and of acids. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

L‘objectif de la thèse est la conception d’un front-end analogique RF large bande pour récepteurs cellulaires multistandard multi-mode. La principale limitation des récepteurs actuels par rapport à cet objectif est la nécessité d’un filtre SAW externe afin de protéger le LNA et le mélangeur des bloqueurs hors bande. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une technique de contre-réaction positive, basée sur la transposition de fréquences, qui permet un filtrage RF sélectif dès l’entrée du récepteur. Cette architecture diminue les contraintes de linéarité dès l’entrée du LNA. Ce filtrage est en plus reconfigurable en fréquence et en largeur de bande. Un circuit expérimental a été réalisé en technologie CMOS 65nm. La contre-réaction permet une amélioration de 17dB de l’IIP3 hors bande de l’amplificateur faible bruit. La fréquence centrale est accordable de 1,3GHz à 2,85GHz ; la consommation est de 30 mW pour un facteur de bruit maximal de 6,5dB. / The aim of this thesis is the design of a wide-band RF analogue front-end for a cellular multi-standard and multiband receiver. The main limitation of receivers today is the need of external SAW filters to protect the LNA and mixer from out-of-band interferers. In this thesis we propose a new technique of positive feed-back which transposes the filters transfer function in RF. Thus, a selective RF filter is created in the LNA input to improve non-linearity performances of the receiver. This RF filter is also configurable in bandwidth and center frequency. An experimental prototype has been made in 65nm CMOS technology. The positive feed-back improves the LNA out-of-band IIP3 by 17dB. The center frequency is configurable from 1.3GHZ to 2.85GHz. Power consumption is of 30mW, while maximal NF is of 6.5dB.

No description available.

The reproductive strategies of marine invertebrates have been related to various aspects of both their ecology, and their phylogenetic history. It has been the purpose of this thesis to try and separate these components among Siphonaria, a group of marine pulmonates. The taxonomy of these species is revised and I conclude that nine species are valid. All species deposit benthic egg masses and development may be either direct (S. anneae, S. compressa, S. dayi, S. nigerrima, S. serrata and S. tenuicostulata) or planktonic (S. capensis, S.concinna and S. oculus). Data on distribution and life-history relating to mode of larval development is then presented for 26 species of Siphonaria worldwide. Fifteen species are direct developers, nine are planktonic developers and a further two appear to have a dual developmental capacity, retaining both the velar swimming apparatus of a planktonic developer and the crawling foot of a direct developer. Direct developing species hatch from larger egg capsules, and generally occur higher on the shore than planktonic developers. Worldwide, planktonic developers are more widespread than direct developers, and individual planktonic species may have a greater latitudinal range. In most S~honaria subgenera, mode of larval development appears to be constant, although two subgenera (Patel/opsis and Sacculosiphonaria) include both developmental types. Locally, the intertidal zonation of three sympatric species (S. capensis, S. concinna and S. serrata) does not support a model which predicts direct development on the high shore and planktonic development on the low shore. However, distributions do correspond to particular intertidal microhabitats, and while there may be no, direct relationship between mode of larval development and intertidal height, the physical structure of egg masses, and the microhabitats used for spawning appear adaptive with regards to desiccation in the intertidal. S. concinna (planktonic development) and S. serrata (direct development) occur in similar microhabitats and are likely to be under similar selection pressures. In having different modes of larval development, there appears to be more than one optimal solution in a particular selective regime. In addition, both species seem to apportion similar amounts of energy to reproduction for each spawning episode, and also annually suggesting an optimum allocation of resources to reproduction. Genetic investigations using PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) confirm the status of the southern African species initially described, and indicate greater genetic variability associated with planktonic developing species than direct developing species. The systematic relationships revealed by DNA fingerprinting support the current classification systems, and also have implications with regards the evolution of larval development: direct development may be the plesiomorphic condition in, and among, some Siphonaria groups. There are both phylogenetic and adaptive explanations for the distribution of reproductive mode among benthic marine invertebrates. An evolutionary question, however, is not just a matter of either adaptation or constraint, it is a combination of these. Both contribute to the distribution of developmental mode among Siphonaria.

To date, mental fatigue has been shown to lead to a general decline in cognitive processing and motor performance. The goal of the current research was to establish the impact of mental fatigue on the contributions of explicit (i.e., conscious strategy) and implicit (unconscious) processes to visuomotor adaptation. Participants were divided into Mental Fatigue (MF) and Control groups. Mental fatigue was induced through a time load dual back task (TLDB), in which participants were required to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to letters based on recall of previously presented letters, as well as digits displayed on the screen in a choice reaction time task. The TLDB task lasted for 32 minutes, and the Control group watched a documentary for a similar length of time. Subjective feelings of mental fatigue, as indicated on a self-report scale, demonstrated that mental fatigue was significantly higher for the MF group after completion of the TLDB task. There was no similar increase in mental fatigue for the Control group. The increased mental fatigue was associated with decreased visuomotor adaptation to a 40° cursor rotation and retention of visuomotor adaptation. In particular, participants in the MF group adapted their reaches to a lesser extent early in training compared to the Control group and demonstrated less retention of visuomotor adaptation following a 20-minute rest. Furthermore, correlational analyses established that greater mental fatigue reported by participants in the MF group was associated with less explicit adaptation and greater implicit adaptation. Taken together, these results suggest that mental fatigue decreases the ability to engage in explicit processing, limiting the overall extent of visuomotor adaptation achieved.

L'identification de marqueurs génétiques liés à des gènes permet une exploration des éventuelles corrélations existant entre leur variabilité génétique et des pressions sélectives portant sur les gènes, aussi bien dans un contexte de populations expérimentales que naturelles. Chez le loup de mer (Dicentrarchus labrax), douze locus associés à des gènes - dont quatre associés aux gènes de l'hormone de croissance (GH), la somatolactine (SL) ou l'IGF-1- et huit locus anonymes ont servi à mener une étude multi-échelle de la différenciation génétique. La structure en trois bassins connue chez cette espèce a été confirmée mais les locus liés aux gènes ont montré une différenciation significativement plus forte que les locus anonymes et impliquant des barrières aux flux géniques nucléaires supérieures à celles admises jusqu'alors. A l'échelle mer-lagune, aucune image cohérente de différenciation génétique n'a pu être obtenue. Parallèlement, une expérience d'acclimatation à l'eau douce a été réalisée. Si les individus soumis à la désalure ont subi une mortalité importante, aucune différence génétique significative n'est observée entre les individus ayant survécu au traitement et ceux restés en eau de mer, excepté pour un locus EIF3E. Ces résultats ont révélé une composante familiale liée à l'expérimentation, mais les déterminismes génétiques sous-jacents restent obscurs. L'utilisation de marqueurs liés à des gènes a permis de révéler l'implication au moins indirecte de certains de ces gènes dans la mise en place d'une structuration génétique de l'espèce, mais également dans la réponse physiologique des individus à un stress environnemental pouvant être rencontré en conditions naturelles. / The identification of gene-linked genetic markers allows the exploration of potential correlations between their genetic variability and selective pressures acting on the genes in both natural and experimental populations. In Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), twelve gene-associated loci – four of them linked to Growth Hormone gene (GH), Somatolactin (SL) or IGF-1- and height anonymous loci were used in a multi-scale study of the genetic differentiation. The structure in three basins know in this species is well confirmed with gene-linked markers bearing a significantly higher differentiation than anonymous loci implying some stronger barriers to nuclear gene flow than admitted so far. At the open sea-lagoon scale, no coherent picture can be drawn from the different tests performed. A fresh water acclimation experiment was carried out in parallel. If numerous fishes in low-salt conditions died, the survivors are not genetically different from that maintained in salted water except for one locus EIF3E. These results can be partially explained by a family component but the genetic determinism is not elucidated yet. The use of gene-linked markers succeeded in revealing the involvement, at least indirect, of some of the genes in the edification of a genetic structure inside the species but also in the physiological response of the fishes to an environmental stress that can be encountered in natural conditions.