Orientador: Dalton Soares Arantes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T09:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_FabbryccioAkkazzhaChavesMachado_M.pdf: 6296555 bytes, checksum: 2190ae93699da79f815c9e5199564080 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Nesta tese são investigados e propostos diferentes algoritmos adaptativos para antenas inteligentes e equalização em receptores de usuário no enlace de descida de sistemas WCDMA/HSDPA. Considerando o tema de equalização de canal, propõe-se um algoritmo adaptativo de retro-propagação com subsistemas concorrentes. Esta técnica de equalização explora características específicas de um sinal WCDMA e foi inspirada na técnica de equalização cega concorrente desenvolvida por Fernando C. C. de Castro et al. Com relação a antenas inteligentes, propõe-se um esquema adaptativo de recepção espaço-temporal de múltiplos alvos, denominado MT-STR, que emprega K processadores de antenas e um com binador de sinais dos vários alvos, ou fingers, do receptor. Esta técnica de recepção foi testada num cenário de soft-handover bastante severo, envolvendo muitos sinais interferentes. Ainda no escopo de antenas inteligentes, estudou-se também o efeito do acoplamento mútuo e do descasamento de amplitude e fase em arranjos co-lineares de antenas dipolo de meia onda / Abstract: This dissertation investigates and proposes different algorithms for smart antennas and channel equalization aiming at WCDMA HSDPA downlink receivers. Considering the channel equalization issue, we propose an adaptive back-propagation algorithm with concurrent sub-systems. This equalization technique exploits particular characteristics of a WCDMA downlink signal and is based on the concurrent blind equalization technique developed by Fernando C. C. de Castro et al. For smart antennas, a multi-target space-time receiver (MT-STR) which uses K array processors and an adaptive ratio combiner is proposed. This technique has been tested under a severe soft-handover scenario assuming many interferers. The effects of mutual coupling and amplitude phase mismatch on co-linear half-wave dipole arrays for WCDMA down1ink receivers are also investigated. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Les structures de base de méta-matériaux nourrissent une alternative technologique prometteuse qui vise à répondre à de nouvelles contraintes de miniaturisation et de performances radioélectriques des systèmes reconfigurables à bas coût.Les travaux de cette thèse reposent sur l’association des cellules Métamateriaux unitaires sub-longueurs d’ondes miniatures et agiles, selon des conditions d’excitation électromagnétique en champ proche, à des dispositifs micro-ondes planaires afin de réaliser de nouvelles structures de filtres et de systèmes antennaires reconfigurables.Après une présentation de l’état de l’art, sur à la fois le concept des Métamateriaux micro-ondes et des modèles de filtres et d’antennes à base des Métamateriaux, nos travaux proposent ensuite sur quatre orientations. La première a trait à l’ingénierie de conception et de simulation électromagnétique des cellules unitaires Métamateriaux, ainsi qu’à l’étude de la miniaturisation et de l’agilité des paramètres électriques.La deuxième orientation est consacrée à la réalisation de nouveaux modèles de filtres agiles basés sur le chargement d’une ligne microruban par des résonateurs sub-longueurs d’onde. Deux modèles de filtres sont développés et validés expérimentalement. Le premier concerne un filtre coupe bande basée sur l’association d’une ligne microruban à des résonateurs de type SRR. Selon le même modèle, un filtre passe bande basé sur une ligne microruban associée à deux cellules résonantes à deux fréquences différentes est proposé. Le deuxième modèle concerne un filtre coupe bande à base d’une ligne microruban chargée par des cellules CSRR, une étude de miniaturisation de ce modèle a été présentée et utilise aussi bien l’optimisation des paramètres géométriques qu’électriques ; un facteur de réduction de 5 est obtenu par rapport au filtre coupe bande de base. Les techniques d’agilité étudiées sont basées sur le chargement de la cellule par des éléments électroniques actifs tels que les diodes PIN et Varactor qui sont logés en des positions appropriées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une variation intéressante des paramètres du filtre en fonction de la tension de polarisation des diodes.La troisième orientation de la thèse vise à introduire de nouveaux modèles d’association en champ proche entre une antenne monopole ULB et des cellules Métamateriaux de type SRR et CSRR. Ces nouveaux modèles ont pour objectif de répondre à des verrous technologiques en termes de reconfigurabilité spectrale tout en préservant le caractère faible encombrement de l’antenne. Le premier modèle proposé concerne une antenne monopole associée à des cellules SRR imprimées sur le substrat à proximité de la ligne d’alimentation de l’antenne. Les résultats théoriques et expérimentaux confirment le comportement coupe bande autour de la fréquence de résonance de la cellule, et une stabilité des performances de rayonnement sur le reste de la bande passante de l’antenne de référence. Pour Le deuxième modèle, le monopole rayonnant est directement chargé par les cellules SRR et CSRR. Après optimisation des conditions d’alimentation des cellules, les résultats de simulation confirment à la fois le comportement coupe bande autour de la fréquence de résonance de la cellule et la stabilité de rayonnement.La dernière orientation concerne la réalisation de deux nouveaux systèmes antennaires à multi contraintes fréquentielles, pour le besoin de la Radio cognitive. Le premier système est basé sur une antenne monopole et des cellules SRR agiles. Les résultats de mesure et de simulation ont montré l’obtention d’un comportement ULB avec des deux bandes filtrées reconfigurables. Le deuxième nouveau système tente de répondre aux exigences antennaires de la technologie radio cognitive. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus ont montré une flexibilité de passage du mode antenne-capteur (ULB) à une antenne de communication à bande étroite reconfigurable. / The basic structures of metamaterial nourish a promising alternative technology, which aims to meet new demands of miniaturization and performance of reconfigurable radio systems. The work of this thesis based on the combination of miniature and agile cells, according to excitation conditions in the near-field electromagnetic, and a planar microwave devices to achieve a new structure of filters and reconfigurable antenna systems. After a presentation of the state of the art, on both the concept of metamaterial microwave and models of filters and antennas based on metamaterial, our work then propose four orientations. The first relates to the engineering design and simulation of electromagnetic metamaterial unit cells, and the study of miniaturization and agility of the electrical parameters. The second orientation is devoted to the realization of new models of filters based on loading the microstrip line with metamaterial resonators. Two filter models are developed and validated experimentally. The first concerns a band stop filter based on the combination of a microstrip line and SRR resonator. According to the same model, a band-pass filter based on a microstrip line associated with two cells in two different resonant frequencies is proposed. The second model provides a band stop filter based on a microstrip line loaded with CSRR cells, a study miniaturization of this model was presented and used both geometric and electrical optimization of parameters. The agility techniques studied are based on the loading of the cell by active electronic elements such as PIN and varactor diodes which are inserted in appropriate positions. The obtained results showed an interesting variation of the filter parameters. The third focus of the thesis is to introduce new models of association in the near-field, between UWB monopole antenna and metamaterial. The first model relates a monopole antenna associated with SRR cells printed in the substrate close to the excitation line of the antenna. The theoretical and experimental results confirm the behavior stop band around the cell resonance frequency, and a stable performance of radiation in the rest of the reference antenna bandwidth. For the second model the monopole is loaded by the SRRs CSRRs cells. After optimization of the cells excitation conditions, the simulation results confirm both the stop band behavior around the cell resonance frequency and the stability of the radiation pattern. The latest orientation concerns the realization of two new antenna systems with multi frequency constraints for cognitive radio application. The first system is based on a monopole antenna and tunable SRRs cells. The measurement and simulation results show a UWB behavior with two reconfigurable and controllable filtered bands. The second new systems tempt to reply the antennas systems requirements used in the cognitive radio. All results showed a flexibility of switching from antenna-sensor (ULB) to a communication antenna with tunable and controllable narrow band.

Tunable antennas have emerged as a promising technology to address the challenges of achieving optimal performance across a wide range of frequencies. This abstract presents a study focused on designing and implementing an ideal antenna system design within a closed-loop system. Background. Tunable antennas offer a solution for achieving efficient signal transmission and reception over a broad spectrum. Traditionally fixed-frequency antennas have limitations in terms of bandwidth and efficiency, making them unfit for applications requiring adaptability to varying frequencies. The integration of tunable components in antenna systems results in greater flexibility and improved performance. Objectives. The main objective of this research is to evaluate and determine the ideal antenna design for closed-loop antenna systems which achieves maximum frequency coverage and efficiency. This involves the design of an architecture that seamlessly integrates components. Methods. The experimental methodology involves designing an antenna system design. The selected components are interconnected in a closed loop, allowing continuous monitoring and adjustment of the antenna’s characteristics. The Micro Controlling Unit (MCU) is programmed using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), serves as the controller for managing the antenna tuner’s settings based on real-time feedback from the directional coupler and power detector. The bi-directional logic level converter ensures proper voltage compatibility between the MCU and the antenna tuner. Results. The results of the study showed that the proposed antenna system architecture was able to achieve the desired goals. The implemented closed-loop system demonstrates significant enhancements in frequency coverage and efficiency of the selected antenna. The antenna system was also able to maintain its efficiency even when the environment changed. Conclusions. The experimental results show that in closed-loop systems the performance of an antenna is optimised. The integration of the components enables dynamic frequency tuning, by enhancing the antenna’s maximum frequency coverage and efficiency. The results underscore the potential of tunable antennas in revolutionizing wireless communication systems, showing the way for more adaptable and high-performance devices in various applications.