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Patterns of resource allocation in Caribbean coral reef spongesLeong, Wai January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (January 12, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55)
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The public land manager in collaborative conservation planing: a comparative analysis of three case studies in MontanaByrd, Lawrence Allen January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Montana, 2009. / Contents viewed on November 29, 2009. Title from author supplied metadata. Includes bibliographical references.
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Nest survival, nesting behavior, and bioenergetics of redbreast sunfish on the Tallapoosa River, AlabamaMartin, Benjamin Moore, Irwin, Elise R., January 2008 (has links)
Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Knowledge systems and adaptive collaborative management of natural resources in southern Cameroon : decision analysis of agrobiodiversity for forest-agriculture innovationsMala, William Armand 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Dept. of Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze under which conditions the structure, organization and
integration of knowledge systems can provide the implementation of adaptive
collaborative management of natural resources under conditions of high biodiversity in
the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. The study specifically did the following:
characterized sustainable slash-and-burn agriculture innovations; examined the influences
of local perceptions of nature and forest knowledge management systems on adaptive
slash-and-burn agriculture practices; analyzed the influences of the social representation
of land use patterns and their local indicators on agro-ecological sustainability;
characterised the biophysical dimensions of local management of agricultural
biodiversity knowledge systems; analyzed how local agricultural biodiversity knowledge
is used to adapt and to satisfy household consumption needs, market preferences, and
sustainable livelihoods; examined the influences of local perceptions of climate
variability for the ability and adaptive capacity of people to use local knowledge to deal
with the effect of pests-diseases on crop yield, corrective management actions, and
adaptive slash-and-burn agriculture management.
The study was conducted in three blocks within the humid forest zone of southern
Cameroon along a gradient of natural resource use management intensification and
population density. Data were collected via structured and semi-structured interviews,
multi-disciplinary landscape assessment and a review of secondary information. Chisquare
tests were used to show how local knowledge influences - natural resource
management at the forest-agriculture interface, while binary logistic regressions were
used to understand the influences of biophysical and socio-economic factors on farmers’
decisions to domesticate tree species and to cultivate several crop cultivars.
Fourteen research and development (R&D) themes were identified and found to be
equally distributed among blocks but unequally distributed across technical, marketing
and socio-organisational types of innovation. There was a gap between social demand
and innovation offer. Innovations offered covered more technical issues, such as crop
variety development, indicating their agricultural focus rather than the integration of
forest and agriculture issues. The local perceptions of nature and forest resources are
based on social representation of the vital space into components having a specific
function for the social, physical and spiritual life of people. Needs of the human world
determine the role of local forest knowledge systems in the interpretation and responses
of the natural environment, and guide the trajectories of natural resource management
practices. The management of agro-ecological sustainability is based on the local
definition of well-being, social representation of space and on a multi-criteria approach
combining bio-indicators such as plants, earthworm activities, age of vegetation or forest
cover, soil colour and quality but it is also positively influenced by land use history, the
use value of wild plant and crop species, the knowledge of crop qualities, the knowledge
of interactions between crops, and between crops and other wild plant species, the tree
size of tree species used, the future use of a current land use, the estimated land use for
own use and market access. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal onder watter omstandighede die struktuur,
organisasie en integrasie van kennissisteme kan bydra tot die implementering van
aanpasbare deelnemende bestuur van natuurlike hulpbronne onder toestande van hoë
biodiversiteit in die vogtige woudsone van suidelike Kameroen. Die studie het spesifiek
die volgende gedoen: volhoubare kap-en-brand landboukundige ontwikkelinge
gekarakteriseer; die invloede van plaaslike persepsies van die natuur en woudkennisgebaseerde
bestuursisteme op aanpasbare kap-en-brand landboupraktyke ge-evalueer; die
invloede van die sosiale verteenwoordiging van grondgebruikspatrone en hul plaaslike
indikatore op agro-ekologiese volhoubaarheid ontleed; die biofisiese dimensies van die
plaaslike bestuur van landboukundige biodiversiteitskennissisteme gekarakteriseer; geanaliseer
hoe die plaaslike landboukundige biodiversiteitskennis gebruik word om aan te
pas by en bevrediging te verkry vir huishoudelike gebruiksbehoeftes, marksvoorkeure en
volhoubare bestaansbehoeftes; die invloede en gebruik van plaaslike kennis en persepsies
van klimaatsvariasie beoordeel in die vermoë en aanpassingskapasiteit van mense om die
effekte van siektes-peste op gewasproduksie, regstellende aksies en aanpasbare kap-enbrand
landboubestuur te hanteer.
Die studie is uitgevoer in drie blokke binne die vogtige woudsone van suidelike
Kameroen langs ‘n gradient van natuurlike hulpbrongebruiksbestuursintensiteit en
populasiedigtheid. Data is versamel deur gestruktureerde en semi-gestruktureerde
onderhoude, multi-dissiplinere landskapsevaluering en ‘n oorsig van sekondere inligting.
Chi-kwadraat toetse is gebruik om te wys hoe plaaslike kennis die bestuur van die woudlandbou
konneksie beinvloed asook binêre logistiese regressies om die invloede te
verstaan van biofisiese en sosio-ekonomiese faktore op die boere se besluite om
boomsoorte te domestikeer en om verskeie gewaskultivars te kweek.
Veertien temas in navorsing en ontwikkeling (N&O) was gelyk versprei tussen die
blokke en ongelyk versprei tussen tegniese, bemarking en sosio-organisatoriese tipes
innovering. Daar was ‘n gaping tussen sosiale aanvraag en innoveringsaanbieding.
Innoverings het meer tegniese aspekte gedek, soos ontwikkeling van ‘n verskeidenheid
gewasse, wat wys op ‘n landboukundige fokus eerder as ‘n integrasie van woud en
landboukundige aspekte. Die plaaslike persepsies van die natuur en woudhulpbronne was
gebaseer op sosiale verteenwoordiging van lewensbelangrike ruimte in komponente met
‘n spesifieke funksie vir die sosiale, fisiese en geestelike lewe van die mense. Behoeftes
van die menslike wereld bepaal die rol van plaaslike woudkennissisteme in die
interpretasie van en reaksie op die natuurlike omgewing, en rig die gebruik van
hulpbronbestuurspraktyke. Die bestuur van agro-ekologiese volhoubaarheid is gebaseer
op die plaaslike definisie van geluk, sosiale verteenwoordiging van ruimte en op ‘n multikriteria
benadering wat bio-indikatore kombineer soos plante, erdwurmaktiwiteite,
ouderdom van plantegroei- of woudbedekking, grondkleur- en kwaliteit, maar is ook
positief beinvloed deur grondgebruiksgeskiedenis, die gebruikswaarde van natuurlike en
gewassoorte, die kennis van gewaskwaliteite, die kennis van die interaksie tussen
gewasse en tussen gewasse en natuurlike plantsoorte, die boomgrootte van boomsoorte
wat gebruik word, die toekomstige gebruik van ‘n huidige grondgebruik, die beraamde
grondgebruik vir eie gebruik en vir toegang tot die markte.
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Managing relationships, learning and demands in protected areas : a social systems analysis.Nkhata, Bimo Abraham. January 2007 (has links)
This thesis seeks to contribute to the improved understanding of social systems analysis in management effectiveness research on protected areas. It develops and applies propositions for incorporating the analysis of social systems into management effectiveness research. The propositions are designed as theoretical constructs which represent some aspects of social reality in protected area management. They signify an organized way of thinking about the social domain of protected area management. It is argued that an analysis of management effectiveness must recognize the need to take into account the inherent interactive nature of the connections among three variables, relationships, learning and demands. It is suggested that the three variables do not exist in isolation, but are interconnected and exert influence on each other. The interactions among the variables provide this study with a conceptual structure for analyzing the social domain of protected area management. The thesis conceives the management of relationships as a behavioral process in which protected area management agencies influence the decisions and actions of other parties, and vice versa, over a period of time in order to advance shared interests. The effectiveness of relationship management depends on integrated learning, a collective process of managing information in a timely manner so as to enhance the responsiveness of social actors involved with protected areas. Demand management is viewed as a social process in which protected area management agencies develop timely and defensible responses to current and emerging demands from stakeholders. The management of demands is expressed through relationship management and integrated learning. Important in this context is the capability of social actors to cope with complexity, change and surprises. The thesis should be seen as a theoretical premise that focuses on the learning competence of social actors by aligning and fostering their ability to respond timely to the ever-changing demands on protected areas through the effective management of relationships. It should be viewed as making a contribution to the move in protected area management towards developing learning organizations and institutions through a systems approach. This should be interpreted as enhancing learning about the human dimensions of protected area management. And more specifically, effective learning generates timely responses in the management of demands and relationships. The implications of failure to respond quickly enough are epitomized in a number of South African examples such as rivers that stop flowing and conflicts over resource use. The thesis makes a contribution to management effectiveness research by examining in some important ways why research should not be determined solely by biophysical components, but should be extended to the broader social issues that define the nature and quality of management. It is argued that a deep appreciation of management effectiveness requires an understanding of relationships, learning and demands to provide a foundation for systemic social analyses. The thesis illustrates why a behavioral approach to relationships theory provides a foundation for resilient social relationships in collaborative processes. It shows why the establishment and maintenance of an integrated learning system take place in a complex context which links elements of governance learning and management learning. It also evinces why protected area management agencies have to incorporate mental models into adaptive management of demands. These insights imply that the opportunities for effective protected area management are largely contingent on systemic insights into the underlying social structures and processes responsible for emergent problems. By exposing the insights, research on management effectiveness is poised to take new direction. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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An evaluation of the potential for implementing adaptive co-management in the Waodani social-ecological system in the Ecuadorian AmazonBryja, Malgorzata Anna January 2015 (has links)
Adaptive co-management (ACM), one of the most prominent management approaches to emerge in the recent years, combines iterative learning, flexibility, and adaptation promoted by adaptive management with the principles of nurturing diversity and fostering collaboration among different partners that underpin co-management philosophy. ACM has been proposed as an approach to address the deficiencies of centralized management in ensuring sustainability of social-ecological systems (SESs) in face of future uncertainties. This thesis aims to evaluate the readiness of resource users (the Waodani) as well as external actors (the Ecuadorian State and NGOs) for future implementation of ACM and thus enhancing the long-term social-ecological sustainability of the Waodani SES located in the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Qualitative data obtained by means of focus groups with the Waodani and individual interviews with external actors and Waodani leaders revealed different levels of readiness for ACM. Firstly, in the case of the Waodani, the insufficient fulfillment of some conditions required for successful ACM as well as intercommunity differences in regards to these conditions can complicate the implementation of ACM, unless sufficient external assistance is offered to the SES. The analysis of NGOs demonstrated, on the other hand, a relative readiness for ACM, providing that such aspects as sufficient funding, long-term commitment to collaboration, and inter-institutional linkages are strengthened. The study also found that the Ecuadorian government’s potential to contribute to ACM is hindered by the lack of readiness to work with the indigenous society as well as by funding and communication challenges. Furthermore, the resource based economy supported by the State limits the scope of innovation and adaptation. Still, as in the case of other actors, overcoming the challenges and transitioning towards adaptive governance and thus ACM could be possible in the long-term, if recent legal and political changes are truly implemented.
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The Kunene River mouth : managing a unique environment.Paterson, John Richard Bernard. January 2007 (has links)
The Kunene River Mouth (KRM) is one of only two river mouths in Namibia. The Kunene river and river mouth is bisected by the international border between Namibia and Angola, and lies between two protected areas, Iona National Park in Angola and Skeleton Coast Park in Namibia. The governments of Namibia and Angola have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to link these two parks as a transfrontier park. This study further proposes a transfrontier Marine Protected Area to protect the marine environment surrounding the KRM and the Angola Benguela Front. The KRM is a fluvially dominated freshwater river mouth. The area is a biogeographically important biodiversity hotspot. The remoteness and pristine character contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the area. This study provides a profile of the KRM addressing its conservation value in terms of both biodiversity and aesthetic value, making use of the concept of “sense of place”. An analysis of all current and potential stakeholders is presented and their interests, activities and potential threats are evaluated. The main stakeholders are Government: the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, the Angolan Government, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Namwater, Ministry of Mines and Energy, and the Kunene Regional Council. The private sector presently has a small stake in the area, with the exception of the Northern Namibia Development Corporation who is prospecting for diamonds at the KRM. Although the area has great tourism potential there is no tourism development currently underway or planned. The threat analysis suggests that the KRM is under severe threat from inappropriate development, both locally as well as within the catchment. Mining and prospecting were identified as the greatest threat, whereas tourism poses the least threat to the area. It is suggested that appropriate tourism is the most suitable development for this sensitive area. There is currently no coherent management strategy in place for the KRM. The current environmental legislation is ineffective. The need for a stringent adaptive management regime is identified and management goals for the area are suggested. It is further suggested that the concepts of “Thresholds of Potential Concern” and “Limits of Acceptable Change” are useful to monitor indicators for biophysical components and development activities respectively and to maintain a “Desired State” for the area. This “Desired State” must be the result of a participatory process. To be effective stakeholders must reach consensus on the “Desired State”. An eight step participatory process is proposed to develop and implement an adaptive management and development strategy for the KRM. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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