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Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe 30 people’s testimonies of their journeys from drug addiction to drug withdrawal in Taiwan. World Drug Report estimates the number of opioid users at 53 million, up 56 % from previous estimates, and that opioids are responsible for two thirds of the 585,000 people who died as a result of drug use in 2017. Methods This was a qualitative research design. The sample inclusion criteria: 1. Participants had drug abused experiences. 2. Participants received Christian Gospel Drug Withdraw Program. 3. Participants did their testimonies in the Good TV True Blog. There were 30 participants’ testimonies related to their drug withdrawn by gospel interventions during 2012-2020. These stories were posted on the Good TV channel in Chinese language in Taiwan that were written down by the author and translated from Chinese to English. The main themes were generated in this study. Results There were 24 male (80%) and 6 Female (20%) in this study. The mean age was 50.93 (SD = 10.47) (Range = 26-65). The major themes were (1) Using illegal drugs: Lack of knowledge and temptations (2) Drug addiction: An endless pain circle (3) Turning points: Love and Hope (4) Drug withdraw: Overcome the Temptations and Holy Spirit (5) Outcome: Faith and New Life. These 30 participants drug withdrew successfully, became Christians and started their new lives as well as helped other people quit drug and any other addiction. Discussion These are powerful testimonies to support that the gospel drug withdrawal programs and church activities are effective to help people drug withdrawal. These programs can be used in the Mental Health Nursing professions. Early education related to the negative impact of illegal drugs in the school is very important to prevent people’s drug addiction.

Bakgrund: Enligt forskning finns en ökad risk att utveckla alkoholbrukssyndrom efter en gastric bypass operation. Detta har även uppmärksammats inom den beroendemedicinska vården. För att få en ökad förståelse för dessa patienter och kunna utveckla vården behöver patienternas egna upplevelser lyftas. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva hur personer med alkoholbrukssyndrom som genomgått gastric bypass upplever skillnader i sitt alkoholbruk före och efter det kirurgiska ingreppet och deras beskrivning av behov av stöd. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio personer som genomgått en gastric bypass-operation och även fått behandling för alkoholbrukssyndrom. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med manifest inriktning användes. Resultat: I analysen av insamlat intervjumaterial framkom åtta underteman som resulterade i två huvudteman, Operationens påverkan på alkoholkonsumtion och Önskan om förbättrad eftervård. Resultatet visade att det är skillnader för patienter före och efter operation gällande sin alkoholkonsumtion. Det framkom även tydligt att uppföljningar efter operation var bristande. Slutsats: Det beskrivs skillnad i alkoholens effekter efter en genomgången gastric bypass operation, många upplever snabbare berusning av en mindre mängd alkohol som i sin tur ökar suget efter mer. Många upplever att det faller mellan stolarna efter operationen. De få uppföljningar som blir av är inte vad patienterna önskar, de berör ingen del av det psykiska måendet eller den identitetskris denna kroppsliga förändring innebär. Det efterfrågas även ett bättre samarbete mellan olika vårdinstanser som kan bidra med tydligare information, där sjuksköterskan kan identifiera omvårdnadsåtgärder för varje unik patient. / Background: According to research, there is an increased risk of developing alcohol use syndrome after gastric bypass surgery. This has also been noticed in addiction medicine care. To gain an increased understanding of these patients and be able to develop care, the patients' own experiences need to be highlighted. Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe how people with alcohol use syndrome who have undergone gastric bypass experience differences in their alcohol use before and after the surgical intervention and their description of the need for support. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten persons who underwent gastric bypass surgery and received treatment for alcohol use syndrome. A qualitative content analysis with manifest orientation was used. Results: In the analysis of collected interview material, eight subthemes emerged that resulted in two main themes, the operation's impact on alcohol consumption and the desire for improved aftercare. The results showed that there are differences for patients before and after surgery regarding their alcohol consumption. It also became clear that follow-ups after surgery were lacking. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effects of alcohol after gastric bypass surgery, several persons experience faster intoxication from a smaller amount of alcohol, which increases the desire for more. Several persons feel neglected after the operation. The few follow-ups that do occur are not what the patients desire, due to the lack of interest regarding the mental state or the identity crisis this bodily change entails. There is also a demand for better collaboration between different care agencies that can contribute with clearer information, where the nurse can identify nursing measures for each unique patient.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Nicotine is one of the most widely abused drugs in the world, and most smokers begin smoking during their adolescent years. Adolescence is a unique developmental period during which vulnerability to the effects of drug exposure is especially high. This dissertation uses rodent models to investigate the persistent effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on both neurobiological and behavioral measures of drug sensitivity in adulthood. The aims of this dissertation were to 1) determine whether nicotine would be self-administered into the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA), a neuroanatomical component of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which is known to be involved in reward and reinforcement; 2) investigate whether adolescent nicotine exposure would alter the sensitivity of the mesolimbic DA system as measured by DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in response to nicotine microinjections into the pVTA; 3) examine the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on behavioral sensitization to nicotine in adulthood; and 4) investigate whether adulthood alcohol drinking behavior, in both Wistar and alcohol-preferring (P) rats, would be augmented by nicotine exposure during adolescence. Results of this dissertation demonstrated that 1) the pVTA is a neuroanatomical site that supports nicotine self-administration; and that adolescent nicotine exposure results in 2) increased nicotine-stimulated DA release in the NAc during adulthood; 3) augmented behavioral sensitization to nicotine in adult animals; and 4) enhanced acquisition of alcohol drinking behavior in adult Wistar and P rats. Overall, this dissertation provides insight into the diverse and persistent changes, in both neurobiology and behavior, caused by exposure to nicotine during the critical developmental period of adolescence.

Book Summary: Uniquely focused on the teacher-student dynamic, the Psychology of Classroom Learning: An Encyclopedia examines the fundamental psychological aspects of learning such as cognition, motivation, and emotion, as well as individual and environmental factors at work in the classroom. Teachers, school psychologists, those studying developmental and school psychology and the general reader will find nearly 300 alphabetically arranged essays examining how instruction and learning are affected by factors such as classroom management, multiculturalism, learning styles, home schooling, peer relationships, school culture, discipline, self-esteem, socioeconomic status, and more. In addition to these topical essays, biographical entries on leaders in educational psychology are included. This two-volume encyclopedia also offers statistical information in the form of charts and sidebars, synopses of recent research specific to essay topics, and images. Extensive cross-references, a glossary, and subject index are included.

Book Summary: Places school superintendents within the ongoing dialogue about the future of public education, from which they have been largely absent. Includes practical and theoretical assessments of how superintendents and administrators can move into the future.

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