Resources: This diploma thesis deals with the anti-toxicological Protective Treatment implemented within the conditions of the execution of the imprisonment test, namely within the Specialized Section for the Protective Treatment of Rýnovice Prison. The study is composed of the qualitative research that describes one specific section in detail. It consists of analysis of documents, observations and case studies of clients. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to describe the implementation of Protective Treatment in prison and to map connections between this institute and proposal of measures leading to its improvement. Thesis also pursues to find out whether the convicts involved in Protective Treatment do actually take part in the process. Sample: The research sample consists of one specialized section of Protective Treatment, implemented by the Prison Service of Czech Republic. Methods: Used research methods comprise the analysis of the documents for the activities of the section and for the implementation of the Protective Treatment by the Prison Service of Czech Republic, further observations and two case reports of clients that acted as an issue demonstration. Case studies use an analysis of available documentation, including psychiatric reports, expertises, and individual psychotherapy with...

This diploma thesis on the theme: The incidence of suicidal behaviour among drug addicts in the theoretical part deals with the development of the drug scene in the Czech Republic, the EU drugs policy in the Czech Republic, selected studies dealing with drug use, health and social consequences of drug use. Also deals with suicide behaviour, its forms, types, methods and causes of suicidal behaviour, motivation, development of data collection and the treatment of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this work was to find out the most common reasons and ways of suicidal behaviour in addicts individuals in the psychiatric hospital of the Cerveny Dvur (hereinafter referred to as PH CD ). Another objective was to determine whether the clients have undergone a treatment PH CD after the suicide attempt. On the basis of the objectives have been created three research questions. Due to the nature of the investigated problem was as a research method chosen semi- structured interview with clients. Before the research was carried out in PH CD questionnaire survey on suicidal behavior for a team project GA JU No. 103/2013/S "The effect of systematic psychotherapy tailored to the incidence of intentional self-injurious behaviour".. Based on the data from the questionnaire investigation were clients selected for this diploma thesis. Interviews were conducted with eight clients of PH CD.

O estudo tem como objetivo conhecer os sentimentos e as atitudes frente ao uso, abuso e dependência de drogas entre profissionais que atuam do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) no município de Araçatuba – SP. A amostra foi composta por 286, enfermeiros, médicos, odontólogos, auxiliares de enfermagem, auxiliares de consultório dentário e agentes comunitários de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo, quantitativo, descritivo. Para o instrumento de coleta de dados foi formatado um questionário individual, estruturado com perguntas fechadas contendo: identificação sócio-demográfica, check – list de substâncias consideradas drogas de abuso, um, check - list de sentimentos ao lidarem com pacientes que fazem uso, abuso ou são dependentes de drogas, a escala de atitudes “The Seaman & Mannello Nurse’s Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Alcoholism Scale". Foi realizada uma análise descritiva e multivariada entre as variáveis com um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Verificou-se que, as substâncias consideradas drogas de abuso em unanimidade foram a cocaína, a maconha e o crack. Na avaliação da assistência, os profissionais do PSF percebem que os problemas relacionados ao abuso e dependência de drogas estão presentes entre os agravos à saúde (61,5%), e ainda 89% deles consideram muito importante assistir esses pacientes, havendo média maior para os profissionais com nível superior; porém, as dificuldades são consideráveis (69,2%), e no tocante a assistência realizada, tais profissionais (64%) percebem que tem pouco ajudado estes pacientes, e que os mesmos se beneficiam pouco da assistência oferecida (69%). Quase a metade dos profissionais de saúde apresentou os sentimentos de compaixão e tristeza frente ao paciente usuário de drogas. As atitudes foram positivas em relação a esses de uma forma geral, embora algumas vezes estivessem associados a sentimentos como ansiedade, estresse, medo, insegurança e desconforto. Quanto à satisfação profissional e pessoal ao trabalhar com pacientes usuários, houve uma média maior para os profissionais com curso de graduação. Estes profissionais também apresentaram maior percepção dos problemas físicos relacionados ao uso de drogas, e um prognóstico não muito positivo quanto aos pacientes usuários. Já o grupo dos profissionais de saúde do PSF sem curso de graduação, que é composto então em sua maioria por agentes comunitários de saúde, apresentam sentimentos e atitudes que demonstram maior aceitação quanto ao uso e usuário de drogas, porém com maiores dificuldades na abordagem junto aos mesmos. O estudo mostrou que existem possibilidades e uma relativa motivação para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e intervenção junto aos usuários de drogas; mas ainda não tem sido significativamente o suficiente para gerar efeitos objetivos no PSF de acordo com os seus próprios profissionais. / This study has the objective of disclosing the feelings and attitudes (feeling, thinking and behavior) of the professionals of Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) (Family Health Program) (nurses, doctors, odontologists, nunrsing assistants, dental office assistants and health community agents) towars the use, abuse and addiction of drugs; compare the attitudes among the PSF health professionals with and without a university course as to that matter and identify what substances are considered addiction drugs by these professionals. It is quantitative, descriptive, sectional study. In order to attain the data collection, it was formatted an individual questionary, structured with closed questions containing: sociodemographic identification, check list of substances that are considered addiction crugs, the health assistance to the drug users at PSF, answered with five questions, check list of feelings when dealing with patients connected to the use, abuse, and addiction of drugs and the attitude scale “ The Seamn & Mannello Nurse’s Attitudes Toward and Alcoholism Scale" . It was carried out descriptive and multivaried analysiswith a safety interval of p>0,005; 286 professionals participated of this research. It was found out that the substances considered addiciton drugs, almost all of them, were cocaine, marijuana and crack. In the assistance evaluation, the profissionals pf PSF realized that the problems related to the abuse and dependence of drugs are present in the health damages (61,5%), and 89% of them consider very important to assist these patients, being higher the statistics for professionals with a university course; however, the difficulties are considerable (69,2%), and as to the the assistance perfomed, such professionals (64%) realized that have helped these patientes very little, and that they benefit little from the assistance offered (69%). Almost half of the health professionals present feelings of compassion and the sadness towards the patient with problems related to the use of drugs. The attitudes were positive toward the drug users in a general way, although sometimes they were associated to feeelings of anxiety, stress, fear, insecureness and discomfort. Concerning to the personal and professional satisfaction for working with chemical addicted patientes, there was a higher average for professional with a university course. These professional also presented a higher perception as to the physical problems related to use of drugs and a not very positive prognostic as to the users. On the other hand, the health professionals of PSF without a university course, most of them health community agents, demonstrate feelings and attitudes wich can show a better accepatance as to the drug use and users, however they present more difficulty in a approachinf them. The study showed that there are possibilities and a reasonable motivation for the development of knowledge and intervention with the drug users; but it has a not been sufficiently significant to genterate objetive effects in the PSF according to its own professionals.

O estudo tem como objetivo conhecer os sentimentos e as atitudes frente ao uso, abuso e dependência de drogas entre profissionais que atuam do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) no município de Araçatuba – SP. A amostra foi composta por 286, enfermeiros, médicos, odontólogos, auxiliares de enfermagem, auxiliares de consultório dentário e agentes comunitários de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo, quantitativo, descritivo. Para o instrumento de coleta de dados foi formatado um questionário individual, estruturado com perguntas fechadas contendo: identificação sócio-demográfica, check – list de substâncias consideradas drogas de abuso, um, check - list de sentimentos ao lidarem com pacientes que fazem uso, abuso ou são dependentes de drogas, a escala de atitudes “The Seaman & Mannello Nurse’s Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Alcoholism Scale”. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva e multivariada entre as variáveis com um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Verificou-se que, as substâncias consideradas drogas de abuso em unanimidade foram a cocaína, a maconha e o crack. Na avaliação da assistência, os profissionais do PSF percebem que os problemas relacionados ao abuso e dependência de drogas estão presentes entre os agravos à saúde (61,5%), e ainda 89% deles consideram muito importante assistir esses pacientes, havendo média maior para os profissionais com nível superior; porém, as dificuldades são consideráveis (69,2%), e no tocante a assistência realizada, tais profissionais (64%) percebem que tem pouco ajudado estes pacientes, e que os mesmos se beneficiam pouco da assistência oferecida (69%). Quase a metade dos profissionais de saúde apresentou os sentimentos de compaixão e tristeza frente ao paciente usuário de drogas. As atitudes foram positivas em relação a esses de uma forma geral, embora algumas vezes estivessem associados a sentimentos como ansiedade, estresse, medo, insegurança e desconforto. Quanto à satisfação profissional e pessoal ao trabalhar com pacientes usuários, houve uma média maior para os profissionais com curso de graduação. Estes profissionais também apresentaram maior percepção dos problemas físicos relacionados ao uso de drogas, e um prognóstico não muito positivo quanto aos pacientes usuários. Já o grupo dos profissionais de saúde do PSF sem curso de graduação, que é composto então em sua maioria por agentes comunitários de saúde, apresentam sentimentos e atitudes que demonstram maior aceitação quanto ao uso e usuário de drogas, porém com maiores dificuldades na abordagem junto aos mesmos. O estudo mostrou que existem possibilidades e uma relativa motivação para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e intervenção junto aos usuários de drogas; mas ainda não tem sido significativamente o suficiente para gerar efeitos objetivos no PSF de acordo com os seus próprios profissionais. / This study has the objective of disclosing the feelings and attitudes (feeling, thinking and behavior) of the professionals of Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) (Family Health Program) (nurses, doctors, odontologists, nunrsing assistants, dental office assistants and health community agents) towars the use, abuse and addiction of drugs; compare the attitudes among the PSF health professionals with and without a university course as to that matter and identify what substances are considered addiction drugs by these professionals. It is quantitative, descriptive, sectional study. In order to attain the data collection, it was formatted an individual questionary, structured with closed questions containing: sociodemographic identification, check list of substances that are considered addiction crugs, the health assistance to the drug users at PSF, answered with five questions, check list of feelings when dealing with patients connected to the use, abuse, and addiction of drugs and the attitude scale “ The Seamn & Mannello Nurse’s Attitudes Toward and Alcoholism Scale” . It was carried out descriptive and multivaried analysiswith a safety interval of p>0,005; 286 professionals participated of this research. It was found out that the substances considered addiciton drugs, almost all of them, were cocaine, marijuana and crack. In the assistance evaluation, the profissionals pf PSF realized that the problems related to the abuse and dependence of drugs are present in the health damages (61,5%), and 89% of them consider very important to assist these patients, being higher the statistics for professionals with a university course; however, the difficulties are considerable (69,2%), and as to the the assistance perfomed, such professionals (64%) realized that have helped these patientes very little, and that they benefit little from the assistance offered (69%). Almost half of the health professionals present feelings of compassion and the sadness towards the patient with problems related to the use of drugs. The attitudes were positive toward the drug users in a general way, although sometimes they were associated to feeelings of anxiety, stress, fear, insecureness and discomfort. Concerning to the personal and professional satisfaction for working with chemical addicted patientes, there was a higher average for professional with a university course. These professional also presented a higher perception as to the physical problems related to use of drugs and a not very positive prognostic as to the users. On the other hand, the health professionals of PSF without a university course, most of them health community agents, demonstrate feelings and attitudes wich can show a better accepatance as to the drug use and users, however they present more difficulty in a approachinf them. The study showed that there are possibilities and a reasonable motivation for the development of knowledge and intervention with the drug users; but it has a not been sufficiently significant to genterate objetive effects in the PSF according to its own professionals.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) often co-occur in adolescent patients. Previous research has shown that these patients differ from SUD patients without PTSD in terms of their substance use patterns. In this study, we aimed to test whether substance use in this population is related to an attempt to self-medicate PTSD-related symptoms. - Methods: German adolescent patients (aged 13–18 years) at an outpatient clinic for SUD treatment, n = 111 (43% female), completed a self-designed questionnaire on use motives, a measure of PTSD-related experiences, and underwent a standardized psychiatric interview including structured substance use questions. Participants were subsequently classified as ‘no traumatic experiences (‘noTEs’ but SUD), ‘traumatic experiences but no current PTSD diagnosis’ (‘TEs’ with SUD), and ‘PTSD’ with SUD. After establishing a self-designed motive measurement through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we calculated non-parametric group differences and a mediation analysis in a linear regression framework. - Results: The past-year frequency of MDMA use was highest in the PTSD group and lowest in the noTE group (H (2) = 7.2, p = .027, η² = .058), but no differences were found for frequencies of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, or stimulant use (all H ≤ 4.9, p ≥ .085, η² ≤ .033). While controlling for sex, the three groups showed a similar pattern (highest in the PTSD group and lowest in the noTE group) for coping scores (F (103) = 5.77, p = .004, η² = .101). Finally, mediation analyses revealed an indirect effect of coping score (b = 0.61, 95% CI [0.29, 1.58], p = .145) on the association between group membership and MDMA use frequency. - Conclusions: In adolescent SUD patients, we found an association of current PTSD and lifetime traumatic experiences with higher MDMA use that could be partially explained by substance use being motivated by an attempt to cope with mental health symptoms. This indicates a coping process involved specifically in MDMA use compared to the use of other psychoactive substances, possibly due to unique psychoactive effects of MDMA.

The thesis addresses the issue of use and abuse of drugs in individual types of secondary schools in the district of Teplice and their mutual comparison. The theoretical part describes the issue of drug and other than drug addictions and their impacts on the target population of the secondary-school youth. It also describes individual drugs in respect of their effects and risks of intoxication, protective factors and risk situations. The research was conducted in secondary schools in the district of Teplice. The comparison involved a secondary vocational school, a secondary technical school ended with the final school-leaving examination and a grammar school. The first hypothesis assumes that most of students attending secondary schools have experience in respect of drugs. The second hypothesis assumes that drugs are taken for the first time before reaching the fifteenth year of age. The third hypothesis assumes that the drug most widespread among students is marihuana. The last hypothesis assumes that the minimum of three per cent of students have experience in sniffing of volatile substances.

The thesis has a theoretic and an empiric character. The theoretical part deals with a term the addiction on drugs and characterizes its particular types and stages. It describes possible demonstrations of addictions, causes and conditions of origin of addictions and its influence on human?s development and his or her life in a social group and in his or her family. The thesis is occupied with kinds, possibilities and efficiency of chosen types of drugs prevention and school?s possibilities of diagnosing and addiction managing. The practical part considers with finding contemporary condition of drugs addictions on the second grade at primary schools in České Budějovice and with types of preventions which are used in these schools.