Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T14:29:33Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014.pdf: 8780558 bytes, checksum: 5fadc3e589faf51ab9607a5a6db9a3d4 (MD5) Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014 - Anexos.pdf: 5906578 bytes, checksum: 1ba8fbf89d407670555f01497afd353c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T14:32:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014.pdf: 8780558 bytes, checksum: 5fadc3e589faf51ab9607a5a6db9a3d4 (MD5) Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014 - Anexos.pdf: 5906578 bytes, checksum: 1ba8fbf89d407670555f01497afd353c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-20T14:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014.pdf: 8780558 bytes, checksum: 5fadc3e589faf51ab9607a5a6db9a3d4 (MD5) Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014 - Anexos.pdf: 5906578 bytes, checksum: 1ba8fbf89d407670555f01497afd353c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Leptodactylinae frogs are a remarkable example of anurans outstanding diversity of reproductive features. The major distinctions among the four reproductive modes presented by this group are the relationship with water and the predicted gradual tendency towards terrestriality. To study the evolution of Leptodactylinae reproductive traits and recognize their patterns we used ancestral reconstruction methods. We also tested correlations among reproductive modes and other life-history traits by using stochastic inferences. First we reconstructed a phylogenetic hypothesis of Leptodactylinae lineages including Leptodactylus, Adenomera, and Lithodytes genera based on four DNA fragments. This hypothesis comprises the most complete phylogeny of Adenomera to date and confirm its monophyletism with Lithodytes as sister taxon. Our ancestral reconstruction analysis indicated that even though shifts from aquatic to terrestrial breeding occurred in the history of Leptodactylus and Adenomera, shifts from terrestrial to aquatic happened in almost the same frequency, indicating that Leptodactylinae frogs do not always evolve towards terrestriality and that reproductive modes with semi-terrestrial tadpoles is not necessarily an intermediate form between aquatic and terrestrial breed. Correlations among reproductive modes and other life-history traits suggest that tadpole environment, clutch size, nuptial spines, and egg pigmentation are coevolving driven by water dependence. / (Sem resumo)