CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos quanto à ecologia reprodutiva de uma espÃcie de anfÃbio anuro ainda em processo de descriÃÃo taxonÃmica, chamada aqui de Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus, ocorrente atà o momento somente para o municÃpio de SÃo GonÃalo do Amarante, litoral oeste do CearÃ. O estudo teve duraÃÃo de um ano, porÃm, foi suficiente para confirmar que esta espÃcie apresenta sazonalidade, sendo observada somente em alguns meses chuvosos, de janeiro a maio de 2011, com pico de atividade no mÃs de abril e hÃbitos principalmente noturnos. Das condiÃÃes ambientais analisadas, como umidade, temperatura e pluviosidade, somente esta Ãltima que apresentou correlaÃÃo positiva quando correlacionada com a abundÃncia de indivÃduos em atividade. A espÃcie apresentou o padrÃo reprodutivo descrito para o grupo marmoratus, o qual apresenta cÃmaras subterrÃneas e ninho de espuma como caracterÃsticas principais da reproduÃÃo, em que estas cÃmaras sÃo construÃdas pelo macho da espÃcie antes de atrair a fÃmea. A atividade desta espÃcie ocorre em Ãreas de mata de tabuleiro, onde os machos vocalizam principalmente na serapilheira. Entretanto, foram observados machos vocalizando a cerca de 30 cm do solo, sobre a vegetaÃÃo, onde o macho vocaliza para atrair a fÃmea e esta ao se interessar em acasalar, exibe para o macho chutes no ar (âleg kickingâ). ApÃs isto, seguem para a cÃmara e realizam o amplexo. Foram localizadas quatro cÃmaras subterrÃneas de diÃmetro mÃdio 3,33 cm e profundidade mÃdia de 2,32 cm e trÃs destas foram localizadas com a presenÃa de ninhos de espuma e girinos no interior (n=9, 9, e 10). Esta espÃcie nÃo apresenta fase aquÃtica para desenvolvimento dos girinos, ocorrendo o modo reprodutivo 32. Hà dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho para esta espÃcie e pode-se observar tambÃm diferenÃas morfolÃgicas entre machos e fÃmeas, em que os machos apresentam o focinho espatulado em forma de pÃ. Foram observadas nove sinalizaÃÃes visuais para esta espÃcie, sendo uma inÃdita e descrita neste trabalho, chamada de âcabeÃadasâ, na qual o macho vocaliza intensamente na presenÃa de outro macho invasor e em seguida realiza movimentos para trÃs, retirando as patas dianteiras do solo, chegando a formar um Ãngulo de cerca de 30Â. Dentre estas sinalizaÃÃes visuais exibidas, algumas sÃo de carÃter agressivo, demonstrando a presenÃa de territorialismo nesta espÃcie. / It is presented a detailed study on the reproductive ecology of an undescribed amphibiam anura species, called here Leptodactylus aff. hylaedactylus, occurring at SÃo GonÃalo do Amarante, west coast of CearÃ. The study was during one year, however, this species showed seasonality, observed only in rainy months, from January to May 2011, with peak in April and showing nocturnal habits. We analyzed the environmental conditions like humidity, temperature and rainfall, and only rainfall showed significance when correlated with abundance of individuals. The species has the reproductive pattern described for the marmoratus group which has underground chambers and foam nest as the main features of reproduction, in these chambers are constructed by the male of the species before attracting the female for mating. The activities occurs in forested areas called âmata de tabuleiroâ, vocalizing mainly in litter leaf, however, were observed males calling to about 30cm of soil. Males calls to attract females and if she to be interested in mating, displays leg kicking, after, they head to the chambers to mate. We found four underground chambers of 3.33 cm diameter and 2.32 cm depth mean. Three of these chambers were found with presence of foam nest and tadpoles inside (n= 9, 9 and 10). This species has no aquatic phase for the development of tadpoles, resulting in the reproductive mode 32. There was sexual dimorphism in size and it can be observed morphological differences between males and females, in which males have a rounded snout-shaped shovel. We observed nine visual signaling with one unprecedented being described in this work, called âcabeÃadasâ in which the male vocalized intensely in the presence of another invader male and then performs backwards movements, removing the arms of the soil, reaching an angle of 30Â. Some of these visual displays are aggressive, demonstrating the presence of territorialism in this species.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T14:29:33Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014.pdf: 8780558 bytes, checksum: 5fadc3e589faf51ab9607a5a6db9a3d4 (MD5) Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014 - Anexos.pdf: 5906578 bytes, checksum: 1ba8fbf89d407670555f01497afd353c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T14:32:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014.pdf: 8780558 bytes, checksum: 5fadc3e589faf51ab9607a5a6db9a3d4 (MD5) Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014 - Anexos.pdf: 5906578 bytes, checksum: 1ba8fbf89d407670555f01497afd353c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-20T14:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014.pdf: 8780558 bytes, checksum: 5fadc3e589faf51ab9607a5a6db9a3d4 (MD5) Dissertação - Elisa Barreto Pereira - 2014 - Anexos.pdf: 5906578 bytes, checksum: 1ba8fbf89d407670555f01497afd353c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Leptodactylinae frogs are a remarkable example of anurans outstanding diversity of reproductive features. The major distinctions among the four reproductive modes presented by this group are the relationship with water and the predicted gradual tendency towards terrestriality. To study the evolution of Leptodactylinae reproductive traits and recognize their patterns we used ancestral reconstruction methods. We also tested correlations among reproductive modes and other life-history traits by using stochastic inferences. First we reconstructed a phylogenetic hypothesis of Leptodactylinae lineages including Leptodactylus, Adenomera, and Lithodytes genera based on four DNA fragments. This hypothesis comprises the most complete phylogeny of Adenomera to date and confirm its monophyletism with Lithodytes as sister taxon. Our ancestral reconstruction analysis indicated that even though shifts from aquatic to terrestrial breeding occurred in the history of Leptodactylus and Adenomera, shifts from terrestrial to aquatic happened in almost the same frequency, indicating that Leptodactylinae frogs do not always evolve towards terrestriality and that reproductive modes with semi-terrestrial tadpoles is not necessarily an intermediate form between aquatic and terrestrial breed. Correlations among reproductive modes and other life-history traits suggest that tadpole environment, clutch size, nuptial spines, and egg pigmentation are coevolving driven by water dependence. / (Sem resumo)