Diversity has become a central organizational goal especially as the U.S. population is experiencing racial demographic shifts (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). Employees of color makeup one-third of the workforce, yet higher education institutions have been slow to adjust to the shifting demographics (Birnbaum, 1988; Brown, 2004; Yancey, 2010). Higher education leaders are seeking ways to recruit and retain growing numbers of administrators of color working at their institutions. Available research focuses on organizational fit and faculty of color (Bozeman and Gaughan, 2011; Jackson, 2003b; Jayakumar et al., 2009; Ortega-Liston and Rodriguez Soto, 2014; Victorino et al., 2013) or examines organizational fit at research universities (Barrett and Smith, 2008; Gasman et al., 2011; Ryan et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2011). A review of the literature shows there is scarcity of scholarly knowledge on the experiences of administrators from historically minoritized groups with organizational fit at small liberal arts institutions. The purpose of this study was to understand and describe how administrators of color at small liberal arts institutions experience organizational fit. The conceptual framework for this study was Jackson's (2004a) Engagement, Retention, and Advancement (ERA) Model. The participants in the sample included Black/African American, Asian American, Native Hawaii/Pacific Islander, and Latina/o non-academic administrators from institutions with less than 2,500 students. Using a phenomenological design, I interviewed selected administrators twice using a modified version of Seidman's (2013) life history structure. Data analysis revealed six themes including the pathways into higher education, attraction to small liberal arts institutions, institutional culture, position empowerment, multiple hats/roles, and professional success. The findings suggest these administrators of color experience similar ERA processes as other administrators. These similarities include desiring to fit in, an on-going process of building trust, and enjoying the small family business environment of a small liberal arts institution. Unique findings included how participants valued their quality of life despite limited salaries at small liberal arts institutions. They also assimilated, code switched, and served as cultural guides, adding responsibilities to an already hard working group. Implications for higher education leaders concerning the importance of supporting administrators of color can be gleaned from these findings. / Ph. D.

Thesis advisor: Lauri Johnson / This individual study was part of a larger group case study about how educators of color experience racial disproportionality in the Cityside Public Schools (pseudonym). The purpose of this individual study was to identify factors that influence job satisfaction for teachers and administrators of color and how teachers and administrators of color perceive how these factors might influence their job retention. This study included both teachers and administrators of color from one urban school district in Eastern Massachusetts, the Cityside Public Schools (CPS). Data sources included 11 semi-structured interviews with educators of color and 40 completed Likert scale surveys measuring job satisfaction and retention. The data was collected during a one-month period. All data was coded thematically using three levels of ecological framework, as well as factors that contribute to job satisfaction and retention. The interview data was coded first, and then the survey data was coded. The data was coded using identified themes from previous research, as well as new themes that emerged from the interviews. All the data was then combined and synthesized to determine findings and make recommendations. This individual study found that many of the Cityside participants were satisfied with their job, while still recognizing that their work is challenging. Factors that influenced their job satisfaction were embedded in themes of connections, support, racial identity, resources and fatigue. These factors, except for the last, predicted slightly higher rates of perceived retention within the district among the teachers of color than the administrators of color. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Existing research literature indicates a scarcity of African American males attaining senior administrative positions at predominantly White institutions (PWIs). The previous research often lacks an empirical focus, resulting in a substantial gap in the literature (Jackson, 2004; Lewis, 2007; Pickron, 1991). This qualitative study examines the career paths and leadership experiences of nineteen African American male senior administrators in student affairs at four-year predominantly White institutions across the United States. The rationale for this study emerges from the researcher's frustration with the paucity of male senior administrators of color in student affairs at PWIs as role models, and a lack of clarity as to the steps needed to attain such a position. An exploration into the attainment of senior administrative positions in student affairs would disclose the necessary leadership skills and training appropriate to lead a student affairs organization. Critical race theory (CRT) frames this study and provides a framework for analyzing the lived experiences of people of color whose voices are least heard in the academy. Through qualitative methods, African American males are allowed to reflect on their career trajectory, leadership experiences, and attainments in becoming senior administrators in student affairs at PWIs. The criterion sample selection (19 of 43, or 44%) was comprised of African American male vice presidents in student affairs at PWIs, and identified for this study as members of the Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education (NASPA) organization. This study reveals the importance of having a doctoral degree, general skill sets, influential mentors, and membership in professional organizations that serve as a resource for the best practices in student affairs. Without the necessary credentials, it seems highly unlikely that many African American males will be able to attain senior leadership positions in student affairs. The study offers recommendations for further research, which could prove valuable for African American male and female aspirants pursuing senior administrative positions in student affairs at PWIs.