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Uppfattningar om betydelsen av motorisk träning för barn med ADHD/DAMPJohansson, Leonard, Nilsson, Jenny January 2005 (has links)
Syfte Syftet med denna studie har varit att med hjälp av intervjuer undersöka hur skolpersonal och föräldrar uppfattar betydelsen av motorisk träning för barn med ADHD/DAMP. I detta ligger att undersöka på vilket sätt barnens motorik, koncentrationsförmåga samt sociala förmåga påverkas av fysisk aktivitet, och på vilket sätt diagnosen ADHD/DAMP ställer krav på pedagogiska förhållningssätt. Metod Vi har gjort en litteraturgenomgång och en kvalitativ intervjustudiestudie. Urvalsgruppen från St: Örjans skolor har bestått av två pedagoger, en idrottslärare, en assistent och en förälder. Samtliga inom skolpersonalsgruppen hade många års erfarenhet inom området. Vi har använt oss av halvstrukturerande intervjuer som lagts upp utifrån följande temaområden: skolpersonal och förälders syn på fysisk aktivitet/motorisk träning för barn med ADHD/DAMP, den fysiska aktivitetens påverkan på barnen, förhållningssätt och bemötande samt barnet/barnens anpassningsförmåga till aktivitet. Resultat och slutsats Vad man kan urskönja av resultatet är att samtliga intervjupersoner i denna studie är ense om att fysisk aktivitet och motorisk träning är av stor betydelse för barn med ADHD/DAMP. Något som de intervjuade tryckte på var den fysiska aktivitetens betydelse för barnens sociala utveckling, här sågs idrotten som en viktig arena. Genom idrott och fysisk aktivitet får barnen lära sig att umgås med andra, visa hänsyn, respekt, empati och förstå att andra människor har känslor. Den sistnämnda förmågan saknas ofta hos dessa barn. Vad det gäller motoriken behöver dessa barn mycket träning och enligt litteraturen kan denna träning på sikt ge goda resultat. Noterbart i studien är dock att det råder delade meningar om att koncentrationsförmågan kan påverkas av fysisk aktivitet. Även intervjupersonerna menar att det inte med säkerhet går att säga att koncentrationen förbättras av fysisk aktivitet. Trots att vi har kommit i kontakt med erfarna personer inom detta område, anser vi inte riktigt att vi fått ut det vi förväntat oss. Detta kan bero på att våra och de intervjuades praktiskt pedagogiska kunskaper skiljer sig åt. I resultatet framträder det att de intervjuade har svårt att i mer preciserad form tala om motorisk träning, vilket gör att den röda tråden i deras beskrivningar är svår att läsa av. Slutsatsen är att de intervjuade anser att fysisk aktivitet och motorisk träning har en påtaglig betydelse för barn med ADHD/DAMP i relation till barnens sociala, emotionella och motoriska utveckling samt till viss del deras koncentrationsförmåga.
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Challenging the Behavioural Model: Exploring Individual, Interpersonal, and Structural Predictors of Adolescent Dual Protection UseCook, Charlene 03 March 2010 (has links)
The optimal model to support adolescent sexual health is the concurrent use of hormonal birth control and condoms. This dual protection approach prioritizes protection against unplanned pregnancy as well as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In order to explore individual, interpersonal and structural factors that influence adolescent protection use, multivariate Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis was completed with a national sample of adolescents (n=2320) from the 2002 Canadian Youth, Sexual Health, and HIV/AIDS Study. CHAID is a decision tree method which assesses interactions between significant independent variables to optimize prediction of the dependent variable (i.e. safer-sex protection method).
Among adolescent females, the following factors were associated with dual protection use: high condom intentions; having lived with both biological parents; having accessed a medical professional or media as the primary source of HIV/AIDS information; having utilized a medical professional as the primary source of sexual health information; having never had unwanted sex; having not consumed alcohol and/or drugs before sex; frequent sexual activity; having identified a medical professional as the primary source of STD advice; having been tested for STDs; and having supported the importance of talking about condoms with a partner. Among adolescent males, dual protection was associated with: high condom intentions; frequent sexual activity; the belief that both partners are responsible for condom use; having been born in Canada; having noted uncertain or high levels of religiosity; having been older than 14 at first sexual intercourse; having been able to speak with their father about sex; having accessed a medical professional or media as the primary source of HIV/AIDS information; and having reported a peer group that did not use tobacco. The results indicate that structural factors, in concert with individual and interpersonal factors, play a vital role in understanding adolescent safer-sex practices. Policy and practice implications include revisions to sexual health curricula, sexual health service accessibility for all adolescents, and targeted prevention programming for adolescents at highest risk. Further research into the sexual health of male adolescents and the influence of structural factors on sexual health among diverse samples should be prioritized.
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Adolescent Girls' Experiences of Music Listening and RomanceSiemens, Geraldine Louise 22 August 2006
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience and meaning of adolescent girls music listening experiences as related to romantic experience. Previous research identified mood management as a key use of music listening, and teenage girls were identified as listening to music when they were sad. Popular musics romantic themes suggested that perhaps adolescent girls use music to explore and reflect upon romantic experiences. Hermeneutic-phenomenology was used to investigate music listening as experienced in everyday life. Data were generated through multiple, in-depth interviews with five adolescent girls aged 17 and 18 years old. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed in keeping with van Manens (1990) method of applied hermeneutic-phenomenology. Analysis of the interviews involved hermeneutic phenomenological reflection on the experiences described by the participants and subsequently representing the findings through diary entries of a fictional teenage girl, Sophie, a composite character who embodied the thoughts and experiences of each participant, and who gave voice to the lived experiences that the actual participants related to the interviewer. <p>Findings confirmed that adolescent girls music listening is a deeply meaningful activity, which in the context of romantic experiences, was associated with celebration, connection, coping, and comfort. The participants used music with intention and in technologically sophisticated ways. Music listening provided participants with a voice to celebrate happy and mourn sad romantic experiences, to normalize experiences of romantic rejection and sadness, to offer comfort that they were not alone in their romantic experiences, and to assist them in coping with romantic break-ups. Implications for further research as well as counseling practice are noted.
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Challenging the Behavioural Model: Exploring Individual, Interpersonal, and Structural Predictors of Adolescent Dual Protection UseCook, Charlene 03 March 2010 (has links)
The optimal model to support adolescent sexual health is the concurrent use of hormonal birth control and condoms. This dual protection approach prioritizes protection against unplanned pregnancy as well as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In order to explore individual, interpersonal and structural factors that influence adolescent protection use, multivariate Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis was completed with a national sample of adolescents (n=2320) from the 2002 Canadian Youth, Sexual Health, and HIV/AIDS Study. CHAID is a decision tree method which assesses interactions between significant independent variables to optimize prediction of the dependent variable (i.e. safer-sex protection method).
Among adolescent females, the following factors were associated with dual protection use: high condom intentions; having lived with both biological parents; having accessed a medical professional or media as the primary source of HIV/AIDS information; having utilized a medical professional as the primary source of sexual health information; having never had unwanted sex; having not consumed alcohol and/or drugs before sex; frequent sexual activity; having identified a medical professional as the primary source of STD advice; having been tested for STDs; and having supported the importance of talking about condoms with a partner. Among adolescent males, dual protection was associated with: high condom intentions; frequent sexual activity; the belief that both partners are responsible for condom use; having been born in Canada; having noted uncertain or high levels of religiosity; having been older than 14 at first sexual intercourse; having been able to speak with their father about sex; having accessed a medical professional or media as the primary source of HIV/AIDS information; and having reported a peer group that did not use tobacco. The results indicate that structural factors, in concert with individual and interpersonal factors, play a vital role in understanding adolescent safer-sex practices. Policy and practice implications include revisions to sexual health curricula, sexual health service accessibility for all adolescents, and targeted prevention programming for adolescents at highest risk. Further research into the sexual health of male adolescents and the influence of structural factors on sexual health among diverse samples should be prioritized.
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Stress och genusspecifika mönster bland ungdomar : En kvalitativ studie utifrån professionella aktörers upplevelser och erfarenheter av ungdomars stress / Stressand gender-specific patterns among adolescents : A study by the professionalparticipants experiences of adolescent stressSteen, Charlotte January 2013 (has links)
The aim of the study was to understand professionals’ perceptions and experiences of adolescent stress. In the study I interested myself further if you can identify gender-specific patterns in the professional stories about young people's stress and stress related illness. Five interviews were conducted with professionals in psychiatry and social work. The thesis took its incipience in social constructionism. Although a gender perspective has been used to better analyze and understand the difference between gender. Theories used to understand the professionals’ experiences of adolescent stress were the SOC theory, the network perspective and the demand-control-support model. The study has been performed from a qualitative method in the shape of semi-structural interviews. The result of the study showed that the professionals’ feel that the causes of stress among young people can be external and internal demands. Higher demands are often placed on girls, which can be a cause for girls’ high stress level. Also social media and technology can cause stress. The professionals also felt that personality determines how susceptible a youth is to stress. Insomnia, anxiety and depression are symptoms that express itself in both gender, but are most common among girls. Yet another reason why boys did not seem to be as stressful as girls, may have to do with the boys' stress symptoms manifest themselves in a different way than in girls. The professionals' treatment of adolescent stress was mainly on therapy and to help them get structure in their life and existence. It was also important to look at the social network that exist around the person. There was no method for precisely tapered stress. The study showed no differences according to gender in the attitude or treatment of stress. It also appeared that stress may be both genetically and socially determined, but that is still a question with no certain answer.
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Adolescent Girls' Experiences of Music Listening and RomanceSiemens, Geraldine Louise 22 August 2006 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience and meaning of adolescent girls music listening experiences as related to romantic experience. Previous research identified mood management as a key use of music listening, and teenage girls were identified as listening to music when they were sad. Popular musics romantic themes suggested that perhaps adolescent girls use music to explore and reflect upon romantic experiences. Hermeneutic-phenomenology was used to investigate music listening as experienced in everyday life. Data were generated through multiple, in-depth interviews with five adolescent girls aged 17 and 18 years old. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed in keeping with van Manens (1990) method of applied hermeneutic-phenomenology. Analysis of the interviews involved hermeneutic phenomenological reflection on the experiences described by the participants and subsequently representing the findings through diary entries of a fictional teenage girl, Sophie, a composite character who embodied the thoughts and experiences of each participant, and who gave voice to the lived experiences that the actual participants related to the interviewer. <p>Findings confirmed that adolescent girls music listening is a deeply meaningful activity, which in the context of romantic experiences, was associated with celebration, connection, coping, and comfort. The participants used music with intention and in technologically sophisticated ways. Music listening provided participants with a voice to celebrate happy and mourn sad romantic experiences, to normalize experiences of romantic rejection and sadness, to offer comfort that they were not alone in their romantic experiences, and to assist them in coping with romantic break-ups. Implications for further research as well as counseling practice are noted.
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Psykologiska bedömningar inför arbete med föräldrar inom BUPAnghammar, Fredrik January 2010 (has links)
Psykologiska bedömningar av föräldrar beskrivs sällan som en mer uttalad och tydlig del av arbetet inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, utan det är i hög grad ett underförstått arbetsområde. Syftet med den här undersökningen var att beskriva hur arbetet med psykologiska bedömningar av föräldrar konceptualiseras och praktiseras under det inledande skedet av behandlingskontakter inom BUP. Nio psykologer vid sju öppenvårdsmottagningar intervjuades och intervjuerna analyserades tematiskt. En viktig aspekt som framkommer i resultatet är hur det gemensamma arbetet mellan psykolog och förälder för att etablera en arbetsallians erbjuder goda möjligheter till psykologiska bedömningar av föräldern. Under arbetet med alliansen, och med alliansen som bas, kan olika former av systematik och modeller för psykologiska bedömningar tillämpas. Resultatet indikerar också att arbetsalliansens centrala betydelse för bedömningsarbetet är tydligt relaterad till organisationens påverkan på det arbetet, liksom till betydelsen av psykologisk kompetens vid arbete med psykologiska bedömningar av föräldrar.
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Parental use of child feeding practices and outcomes in child and adolescent nutritionYeley, Genevieve Connors 17 February 2005 (has links)
The incidence of childhood and adolescent overweight in the United States is increasing at an alarming rate and is now considered the most prevalent nutritional disease of children and adolescents in this country. Although much attention has focused on genetic research, and heredity is an unarguable component of obesity, the role of the environment must be considered because genetic changes over entire populations are not likely to occur at such a rapid rate. In observing todays environment where energy-dense foods abound, restaurant dining has increased, and children are more sedentary than ever, the current trends in child/adolescent weight status are not surprising. This study digs to the heart of worrisome eating habits by exploring the development of these behaviors in the family. Previous studies show that parents use of child feeding practices is related to their childrens weight status. It is hypothesized that children of parents who utilize highly controlling feeding strategies (pressure, restriction, monitoring) will have nutrient intakes and weight indicators that are either higher or lower than the average for children whose parents exert less control over the eating domain. The objective of this research is to discover if significant relationships exist between parental child feeding strategies and child/adolescent overweight or underweight and nutrient intake. Birchs model explaining familial resemblances in eating and weight status was tested using her previously validated Child Feeding Questionnaire, standard anthropometric techniques, three days of diet records, and a previously validated child questionnaire. Three-hundred and twelve children/adolescents, 254 mothers, and 245 fathers from the Houston Metropolitan Statistical Area completed interviews, and data was analyzed with the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Results confirmed the validity of Birchs model and previous studies that found significant relationships between child feeding strategies and childrens nutrition status. Parents who pressured their children to eat (motivated by concern about the child being underweight) were more likely to have children with lower BMI percentiles and skinfolds while parents who monitored or restricted the childs intake had children with higher BMI percentiles and skinfold thicknesses. No clear relationships were found between feeding styles and nutrient intake.
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A model of educational organization to facilitate improvement in delinquency attitudes and/or behaviors through peer interaction /Huggins, Beverly Heaton. January 1978 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University. / Bibliography: leaves 80-84.
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Providing alternate discourses about dating and sexuality through an educational interventionStarling, Sabrina Maria. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.
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