Gambling constitutes an inherent part of British cultural landscape but due to its potential to cause significant detriments it remains controversial. The Gambling Act 2005 liberalised the UK gambling industry and created an environment where commercial gambling, although regulated, can be offered within a relatively free market setting and its consumption can be stimulated by advertising. The task of the law is to provide a framework where the need for customer choice, a flourishing market, and the respect for private liberties can be adequately balanced with the duty to protect vulnerable individuals such as minors. The Gambling Act has been positioned as containing sufficient protective measures to prevent minors from being harmed by gambling but there is still a relative paucity of research that focuses specifically on how this regime affects this age group. This thesis fills some of the gaps by analysing whether the existing legal and regulatory framework reconciled the conflicting priorities adequately. It uniquely combines legal doctrinal analysis with empirical evidence collected from a sample of British pupils to expose that the liberalisation of gambling has brought severe limitations on protecting minors that are not sufficiently counterbalanced by existing measures. This thesis demonstrates that the legal definition of prohibited gambling does not incorporate all activities that may lead to gambling-related harm. While the age verification measures adopted by online gambling providers appear to be successful, young people continue to have easy access to gambling in land-based venues and are exposed to significant volumes of gambling advertising that appeals to them but these factors are not sufficiently compensated by any holistic regulatory strategy. However, the thesis indicates that the correlation between fun and real gambling games should not be attributed to overlaps in minor's motivations for engaging in either form or to minors' lack of accurate differentiation between them.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1809392 bytes, checksum: 6f49eead75367d007e319e76d0333587 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The vulnerability of adolescents and young population to HIV/ AIDS has become an evidence due to the epidemic growth observed in this group. In Brazil, that same population is responsible for 11.8% of cases accumulated from 1980 to December 2013 according to the Ministry of Health Department for STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis. However, conventional methods for prevention focused excessively on behavior aspects have shown certain limitation, forcing the inclusion of strategies for reducing vulnerability to become mandatory so new means and goals can pursue aiming a broader social response. Highlighting the amount of time that adolescents and young people spend inside schools as well as the opportunity of interchanges, social intercourse and love relationships, those institutions cannot omit to the relevance of this issue, as they constitute a privileged site for approaching prevention to HIV/ AIDS and have their professor as the mediator in the process. Given the facts exposed this research aims to analyze the actions and discourse of lecturers about preventing HIV/ AIDS, a subject area inserted in the context of discussions linked to sexuality. Throughout saturation process, it was possible to quantify an amount of four lecturers, three of them female and one male, selected by subsequent criteria: 1) must exercise their professional activities at schools in Joao Pessoa Municipality (PMJP); 2) must act lecturing 8th grade in Elementary school; 3) Must act lecturing Science . The survey profiles a descriptive type outlined by field study, whose analytical procedures come from a qualitative nature. Thus, based on semi-structured interviews as subsidy to identifying the existence of (in)coherences between praxis and educational discourse; verifying the presence of interdictions inside educational discourse that could hamper access to information; evaluating how the lecturer discusses and/or motivates the adoption of safe practices with regards to transmission of HIV/ AIDS. It was verified throughout narrated experiences that the group in subject bases their theories of sexuality and gender in biological and natural aspects, complicating a more flexible analysis and approach regarding cultural and social aspects. Nonetheless, it was possible to observe that this matter is only treated as superficial thematic in 8th grade inside school program content Human Reproduction , which restricts considerably a further effective and constructive work that could allow adolescents and young people more awareness specially regarding prevention to HIV/ AIDS. Consequently, there has been an understanding that the debate surrounding this thematic requires more ability and sensitivity from the professor than to discuss subjects from a Science book, also demanding a previous prepare in order to approach those matters inside the classroom. The necessity for higher qualification of those professionals given this scenario is imperative, as it will enable to forward the discussion about sexuality and pointing the issue of vulnerability to HIV virus propitiating to adolescents and young people conditions to develop their sense of responsibility over individual and collective health. / A vulnerabilidade de adolescentes e jovens ao HIV/AIDS tem se evidenciado pelo crescimento da epidemia nesse grupo. No Brasil, essa população é responsável por 11,8% dos casos acumulados desde 1980 até dezembro de 2013, de acordo com o Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais do Ministério da Saúde. Métodos tradicionais de prevenção, excessivamente focados no aspecto comportamental, têm, contudo, demonstrado limites, tornando-se necessária a utilização de estratégias para reduzir a vulnerabilidade, que busquem novos objetivos e meios, visando a uma resposta social mais ampla. Ressaltando o tempo de permanência dos adolescentes e jovens nas escolas e as oportunidades de trocas, de convívio social e de relacionamentos amorosos, essas instituições não podem se omitir frente à relevância dessas questões, constituindo-se em local privilegiado para a abordagem da prevenção ao HIV/AIDS, e o/a professor/a como principal mediador/a desse processo. Com base no exposto, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o discurso e a atuação de docentes acerca da prevenção ao HIV/AIDS, temática inserida no contexto das discussões ligadas à sexualidade. Através do processo de saturação, definimos um quantitativo de quatro educadores, três do sexo feminino e um do sexo masculino, selecionados a partir dos seguintes critérios: 1) que exercessem suas atividades profissionais em escolas da Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa (PMJP); 2) que atuassem no 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental II; e 3) que lecionassem o componente Ciências‟. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva, delineada pelo estudo de campo, cujos procedimentos analíticos são de natureza qualitativa, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas como subsídio para identificar a existência de (in)coerências entre o discurso docente e a práxis; verificar a presença de interdições no discurso docente que dificultem o acesso à informação; avaliar como o/a docente discute e/ou incentiva a adoção de uma prática segura em relação à transmissão do HIV/AIDS. Nas experiências narradas, verificamos que o grupo apresenta um discurso sobre sexualidade e gênero fortemente baseado no biológico e no natural, uma posição que dificulta toda uma análise e abordagens mais flexíveis que girem em torno de aspectos culturais e sociais. Observamos, ainda, que o assunto só é trabalhado no oitavo ano, no conteúdo reprodução humana‟, de forma superficial, o que restringe, consideravelmente, um trabalho construtivo e eficaz, que possibilite aos adolescentes e aos jovens mais conhecimentos, principalmente em relação à prevenção ao HIV/AIDS. Por conseguinte, entendemos que o debate acerca dessa temática requer do/a professor/a muito mais habilidade e sensibilidade do que para falar dos assuntos descritos nos livros de Ciências e exige preparo para abordar essas questões em sala de aula. Nesse cenário, é evidente a necessidade de qualificação desses/as profissionais para encaminhar a discussão sobre a sexualidade, aí incluída a questão da vulnerabilidade ao HIV, que propicie aos adolescentes e aos jovens condições para que desenvolvam o senso de responsabilidade sobre a saúde individual e coletiva.