M.Phil. (Adult and Community Education) / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996: 13) stipulates that everyone has the right to Basic Education and Training and to Further Education and Training, which the state through reasonable measures must make progressively available and accessible to all citizens. It has often been acknowledged that a well-developed Adult Basic Education and Training sector in the country could make a major contribution to South Africa's economic growth and general social development. The Adult Basic Education and Training Sector is meant to address the transformation of "night schools" into meaningful Adult Basic Education and Training centres. In 1997 the Department of Education adopted a framework for the implementation of Adult Basic Education and Training. This multi-year plan, informed the development of Adult Basic Education and Training plans at provincial level. Therefore, the Gauteng Department of Education's Adult Basic Education and Training plan set out a multi-level programme of action for four years, (1997-2000), which plan has now been strengthened by the promulgation of Adult Basic Education and Training Act No. 52 of 2000. The plan strategy as stipulated by the Department of Education (1997:4) sought to provide strategic direction for the transformation of Adult Basic Education and Training Centres in order to respond to the Education and Training needs of the citizens of this country. The plan also identified priorities, including timeframes that guide the restructuring of the sector. The policy framework as stated above, is quite clear in terms of what needs to be done to restructure and transform Adult Basic Education and Training centres. However these centres remain untouched by the envisaged developments. The pace at which change is happening is very slow. Therefore, this study sought to establish what are the stumbling blocks to the reorganisation of these Adult Basic Education and Training centres.

Bibliography: pages 310-325. / At the end of World War II, volunteers from the University of Cape Town began literacy and post-literacy evening classes for African adults near the Blouvlei squatter settlement in Retreat. From this small beginning a significant voluntary adult education movement developed until, at the peak of its expansion, there were night schools located at fourteen different sites in the Cape Peninsula from Sea Point to Simonstown. The thesis studies the twenty-three year lifespan of this movement which provided tuition at both primary and secondary level and from 1950 called itself the "Cape Non-European Night Schools Association" (CNENSA). The history of the organisation deals chronologically with three distinct periods: (1) 1945-1948, the opening phase, when in the aftermath of a Commission of Enquiry into adult education, volunteer groups undertaking adult night classes were encouraged and were granted small subsidies; (2) 1949-1957, a period of continuing and rapid expansion; (3) 1958-1967, the years in which the government reduced, restricted and finally eliminated all the CNENSA's schools. While the movement is studied with regard to its educational programme, choice of subjects, curricula, text-books and general organisation, much of the central interest derives from an examination of its origin and operation in relation to the political and socio-economic developments in the country. The study is thus concerned with the causes of African poverty and illiteracy and the continuous backdrop of major external events during the existence of the Association. In the inter-relatedness of the two historical themes thus pursued, the participants in the education movement, both teachers and pupils, are seen to reflect the wider society, and the study in its broad survey refers to many events of profound historical significance; these include the setting up of Bantu Education and the other pillars of apartheid, the development of major protest organisations and trade unions, the staging of the Civil Disobedience Campaign and the Congress of the People, the events at Sharpeville and in Langa in 1960 and the eventual emergence of underground movements and armed resistance. There is a strong focus on the motives and attitudes of both the learners and teachers in the movement and on their perceptions of their times and of each other. In this respect an interesting liberal-radical continuum is seen running right through the history of the Association. In the concluding chapters, to question the evidence from an alternative viewpoint before final evaluations are made, the work of the CNENSA is examined in the light of a Paulo Freirian perspective.

Hierdie studie handel oor die ontwikkeling van geleenthede in Europa en Suid-Afrika vir analfabeet-volwassenes om te leer lees en skryf. Teoretiese aspekte van geletterdheid soos omskrywings van die begrippe geletterdheid en ongeletterdheid is ondersoek. Twee benaderings tot die voorsiening van geletterdheid, naamlik die relatiewe benadering en die absolute benadering is beskryf. Die doelwitte van geletterdheid behels onder meer die bereiking van lewensideale, die verkryging van mag en persoonlike ontwikkeling. Verskeie strategiee vir geletterdheidsonderrig soos die die voorsiening van fundamenteel-opvoedkundige strategie, die funksionele strategie, die bewusmakingstrategie en die massaveldtogstrategie is ondersoek. Die invloed van sosiale, politieke, ekonomiese, geografiese, godsdienstige en onderwysfaktore asook van die boekdrukkuns op die verspreiding van lees- en skryfvaardighede is beskou. Daar is ook ondersoek ingestel na die rol van verskillende betrokkenes by die voorsiening van geletterdheidsonderrig in Europa en Suid-Afrika soos die staat, nie-staatsorganisasies, kerke, vakbonde, industriee, privaatinisiatiewe, universiteite en biblioteke. / This thesis investigates the development in Europe and South Africa of opportunities for illiterate adults to learn to read and write. Theoretical aspects concerning the defining of concepts, the two approaches namely the absolute and relative, the aims of literacy and the attainment of ideas of empowerment and personal development were discussed. An investigation is done of the various strategies in the provision of literacy campaigns. These include the fundamental educational, the functional, the awareness and the mass campaign strategies. The influence of social, political, economical, geographical, religious and educational factors is explored in conjunction with the role of the printing press and distribution of reading and writing material. The role of various parties involved in the provision of literacy education in Europe and South Africa is considered. This includes the state, non-governmental organizations, churches, unions, industry, private initiatives, universities and libraries. / Educational Foundations / D. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

D. Ed. (Didactics)

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Continuing Professional Education (CPE) is a method by means of which radiographers and other health care professionals can systematically maintain, improve and broaden their knowledge and skills. Chances are that mandatory CPE will be introduced for South African radiographers by the year 200t. For this reason it was decided to undertake a needs assessment survey of Free State Province diagnostic radiographers. The aim of this study wasto assess the perceived needs of Free State Province radiographers. In this way adults, as consumers of CPE, were involved in the planning process. Results obtained from the needs assessment provide valuable information to providers of CPE activities. With the aid of the results, providers can plan activities responsibly, which will satisfy their target population. The needs assessment was done by means of a maH-administered questionnaire-, and a response rate of 58% was obtained. Data analyses showed that most of the radiographers were employed in small x-ray departments and, due to this fact, experienced constraints regarding CPE participation. Constraints such as staff shortages and a lack of backup staff were identified. New developments-in radiography, management skills, computer skills and UUrasound were tbe topic areas indicated by the highest percentage of respondents as high level of need areas. Flexible learning strategies- with adequate support mechanisms must be developed. In order to provide high-quality CPE activities, all stakeholders, such as the Technikon Free State, the Society of Radiographers, the employers- and the radiographers, must share the- respon-sibHity of CPE. The study showed that close co-operation between stakeholders is essential to the success of CPE in the Free- State Province, / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voortgesette Professionele Onderwys (VPO) is 'n strategie wat radiograwe en ánder protessionele gesondheidsorgwerkers in staat stelom hulle kennis en vaardighede sistematies in stand te hou, te verbeter en uit te brei. Die-moonUikheid Destaan dat Suid-Afrikaanse radiograwe teen die jaar 2001 verplig sal word om aan VPO deel te neem. Om hierdie rede is daar besluit om 'n behoeftebepalingsopname van die- diagnastiese radiograwe in die Vrystaat Provinsie te doen. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die behoeftes van die Vrystaat Provinsie se radiograwe-, soos deur hulle self geïdentifiseer, te bepaal. Op hierdie manier kon radiograwe, as verbruikers van VPO, by die beplanningsproses betrek word. Die- resultate- van die behoeftebepalingsopname wat bekom is, bevat waardevolle inligting vir verskaffers van VPO-aktiwiteite. Met behulp van die resultate sal verskaffers van VPO-aktfwiteite wat hulle-teikengroep se- behoeftes sal bevredig, met verantwoordelikheid kan beplan. Die behoeftebepaling is met behulp van pos- vraelyste gedoen. 'n Respons van 58% is verkry. Data-ontleding het getoon dat die meeste van die radiograwe werksaam was in klein x-straaldepartemente wat gevolglik bygedra het dat hulle beperkinge met betrekking tot VPObetrokkenheid ervaar het. Ander struikelblokke soos personeeltekorte en 'n gebrek aan aflospersoneel is geïdentifiseer. Nuwe ontwikkelinge- in radiografie, bestuursvaardighede, rekenaarvaardighede en Ultraklank is deur die grootste persentasie respondente as die areas waarin die grootste behoefte bestaan, geïdentifiseer. Buigsame leerstrategieë met toereikende ondersteuningsmeganismes moet ontwikkel word. Om hoë gehalte VPO-aktiwiteite te verskaf moet alle- belangegroepe, onder andere- die Technikon Vrystaat, die Vereniging van Radiograwe, die werkgewers en die radiograwe self gesamentlik die verantwoordelikheid vir VPO deel. Die- studie- toon dat noue samewerking tussen belangegroepe noodsaaklik is vir die sukses van VPO in die Vrystaat Provinsie.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study highlights focal issues of literacy and lifelong learning within the context of the formal schooling system. Problems and issues pertaining to policy and practice are examined within the broad framework of a selected set of perspectives on literacy. The nature of the problem of literacy worldwide, and in South Africa in particular, provides sufficient scope to investigate literacy in terms of research, theory and practice. The synergy between curriculum change and social transformation in South Africa which lies embedded within Outcomes-based Education (OBE), creates possibilities for developing functionally literate citizens who are able to negotiate their lives successfully and independently. The qualitative and interpretative nature of this literature study entails a process of researching and comparing the different levels of literacy within a framework of multiple perspectives. These different perspectives on literacy also highlight contrasting conceptualisations, and consequent definitions of literacy emphasise the importance of both context and content. What being literate means, thus, lies embedded within these conceptualisations. Finding new ways of seeing and doing literacy, in order to improve literacy policies and practices, is at the heart of this research endeavour. The "golden thread" running through the different perspectives signifies the functional role of literacy and suggests a stronger emphasis on viewing literacy as a functional and social practice underlying lifelong learning in the broadest possible sense. Teachers have a cardinal role to play in building capacity in and adding value to the South African citizenry and in supporting learners to develop the necessary functional and critical literacy skills to express themselves adequately on a written and and spoken level. The objective of this study is to offer a broader conceptualisation of literacy which embraces it as a lifelong endeavour, honed through use and purpose. The significant differences between the traditional and the more modern approaches to literacy development underscore the emphasis on its functionality and potential for human resource development. All these issues have implications for literacy policy and practice. Acquiring literacy skills entails taking into consideration that: different levels and standards of literacy skills are possible, subject matter differs and different purposes for literacy exist. Only when people are equipped with the personal knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that enable them to live as productive and self-sufficient citizens, able to make informed decisions and responsible choices, can sustainable, social transformation become a reality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beklemtoon hoofsaaklik geletterdheid en lewenslange leer binne die konteks van die formele skoolsisteem. Probleme en geskilpunte aangaande beleid en die praktyk word binne die breë raamwerk van 'n geselekteerde stel perspektiewe oor geletterdheid ondersoek. Die aard en omvang van die probleem van geletterdheid, wêreldwyd en in die besonder Suid-Afrika, bied voldoende geleenthede om geletterdheidsbeleid, -teorie en -praktyke te bestudeer. Die sinergie tussen kurrikulumvernuwing en sosiale tranformasie in Suid-Afrika, wat ten grondslag van Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwys (UGO) lê, skep moontlikhede vir die ontwikkeling van funksioneel geletterde burgers wat in staat is om hul lewens suksesvol en onafhanklik te bestuur. Die kwalitatiewe en verklarende aard van die literatuurstudie behels 'n vergelykende navorsingsproses wat geletterdheid op verskillende vlakke ondersoek, binne 'n raamwerk van veelvoudige perspektiewe. Hierdie verskillende perspektiewe oor geletterdheid huldig verskillende opvattings, met die gevolg dat definisies van geletterdheid uiteenlopend van aard is terwyl raakpunte ten opsigte van die belangrikheid van konteks en inhoud sterk na vore gekom het. Wat dit beteken om geletterd te wees is gegrond op hierdie sienswyse. Die ontdekking van nuwe benaderings tot geletterdheid wat mik na die verbetering van geletterdheidsbeleid en -praktyke vorm die kern van hierdie navorsingsproses. Die "goue draad" wat deur die onderskeie perspektiewe loop, dui op die funksionele rol van geletterdheid en beklemtoon geletterdheid as In funksionele en sosiale praktyk, wat lewenslange leer ten grondslag lê. Onderwysers het In belangrike rol om te speel in die opbou van kapasiteit en toevoeging van waarde tot die burgerskap binne die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks, verder ook in die ondersteuning van leerders om die nodige funksionele en kritiese geletterdheidsvaardighede te ontwikkel om te verseker dat hulle hulself toereikend op 'n gesproke en geskrewe vlak kan uitdruk. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n meer uitgebreide beskouing ten opsigte van geletterdheid as 'n lewenslange strewe wat deur gebruik en funksie vasgelê word (op beide gesproke en geskrewe vlakke), daar te stel. Die beduidende verskille tussen die tradisionele en die meer moderne benaderings tot geletterdheidsontwikkeling beklemtoon funksionaliteit en die potensiaal wat dit inhou vir die ontwikkeling van menslike hulpbronontwikkeling. AI hierdie aangeleenthede het implikasies vir geletterdheidsbeleid en -praktyk. Die aanleer van geletterdheidsvaardighede noodsaak dat die volgende aspekte in aanmerking geneem word: dat verskillende geletterheidsvaardigheidvlakke en standaarde moontlik is, dat vakinhoude kan verskil en dat verskeie uitkomstes vir geletterdheid bestaan. Slegs wanneer mense met die nodige persoonlike kennis, vaardighede, houdings en waardes toegerus word - wat hulle in staat sal stelom ingeligte besluite en verantwoordelike keuse te maak, kan volgehoue sosiale transformasie 'n realiteit word.

M.Ed. / It is the task of curricular planning and syllabus design in non-formal fields of education to make available to adults the possibilities for learning the language they need for the purposes for which they need it. A decisive answer should be found to the question about what type of syllabus or course would be able to provide for the real operation needs of adult learners, to translate these needs into learning objectives and at the same time justify the semantic and structural components of the target language...

This research study explored the dimensions of motivation that may exist for mature psychology graduates when completing their postgraduate degree. And because it is widely acknowledged that stress is often a close companion to motivation, specifically in the pursuit of academic goals, the study also investigated those aspects of coping skills these individuals employed to sustain their motivation in completing their studies. Eight mature female psychology postgraduates from four different South African public universities were identified using a non probability sampling technique. Semi structured interviews were then carried out with the eight participants; the interviews were then transcribed and analysed using content analysis. The results of the study indicated that self efficacy; intrinsic motivation, attribution and achievement goals all play a role in the students’ motivation. It further indentified perseverance as an important factor in the students’ completion of their studies. Positive beliefs, problem solving strategies and social support appeared to be the most widely used coping skills by this sample.

This study is about adult learners in formal secondary schools attending normal day classes with school pupils. Ii is particularly about the aspirations of 1,430 adult pupils. these adults, after a break in their formal education, return to study in the secondary schools in the Herschel district of Transkei in the 1993 academic year. / GR 2016

Thesis (M.Edu.) --University of Limpopo, 2002. / Refer to the document