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Titel: En undersökning av hur vidare miljöcertifierade fastigheter ger fördel på denkommersiella fastighetsmarknaden.Ämne, kurs: Fastighetsvetenskap, Kandidatuppsats 15 hpFörfattare: Ahmed Abdulrahman & Fadi El HageHandledare: Peter PalmNyckelord: Miljöcertifiering, Marknadsfördel, Signaler, Kommersiella fastigheterAtt miljöcertifiera innebär att man höjer standarden av den tekniska installationen ifastigheten. Fastigheter som miljöcertifieras ger en lägre energiförbrukning då certifieringeninnebär att man bygger med bra kvalitet och med god miljöhänsyn. Studiens syfte är attundersöka om miljöcertifierade fastigheter ger en fördel på den kommersiellafastighetsmarknaden samt tydliggöra företagens avsikt med att miljöcertifiera sittfastighetsbestånd.Studiens syfte har angripits genom en kvalitativ undersökning där fem personer från femolika fastighetsbolag intervjuats i Malmö samt att ett studiebesök med Jenny Hartwig påVasakronan ägdes rum med syfte att komplettera Denell men också för att få en ökadförståelse för miljöcertifiering. Det har dessutom gjorts en granskning av fastighetsföretagenshemsidor för att få en helhetsbild av hur företagen arbetar med miljöcertifiering. I denteoretiska referensramen har signaleringsteorin av Milgrom och Roberts används ikombination med tidigare studier inom samma ämneskategori.Den insamlade informationen i studien grundar sig på fem olika respondenters kunskaper ocherfarenheter inom arbetet med miljöcertifiering. Det har observerats vara av samtligaintressenters intresse att jobba för ett miljövänligare Sverige där alla är med och bidrar till eneffektivare resursanvändning av jordens resurser. Fastighetsägarna som bidrar med 40 procent av den totala energianvändningen i Sverige vill vara med och effektiviseraenergiförbrukningen då det bidrar till ett positivt rykte samt att det på sikt är ekonomisktlönsamt då det ger en lägre drift -och underhållskostnader. Respondenterna är enliga om attmiljöcertifieringen utgör ett kvitto på att byggnaden är uppförd med bra materialval och hargod miljöhänsyn. Fördelarna det medför att miljöcertifiera sitt fastighetsbestånd är blandannat att det attraherar de hyresgäster som har det som krav på sig att endast lokalisera sig imiljöcertifierade lokaler. Miljöcertifieringen stärker och skapar bättre relationer medintressenter samtidigt som man sänder kvalitativa signaler som direkt är kopplade tillvarumärket. / Title: A study on whether environmentally certified offices are an advantage on the propertymarket.Subject, Course: Building Science, Bachelor Thesis 15 creditsAuthors: Ahmed Abdulrahman and Fadi El HageAdvisor: Peter PalmKeywords: Environmental Certification, Market Advantage, Signals, Commercial Real EstateThe meaning of the environmental certification is that the standard of the technicalinstallation rises in the property. A property that has environmental certification generateslower energy consumption where the certification means that you build with good quality andas well good environmental stewardship. The study aims to investigate whetherenvironmentally certified buildings provide a benefit to the commercial property market andto clarify the companies intend to environmental certification for its property portfolio.The study's purpose has been attacked by a qualitative study in which five respondents ondifferent real estate companies were interviewed in Malmo. There has also been a review ofthe property companies' websites to get an overall picture of how companies work withenvironmental certification. In the theoretical framework the signaling theory of Milgrom andRoberts has been used in combination with previous studies and other studies on how marketvalue is affected by the certification.The emphasis of the information collected in the study is based on five different respondentsknowledge and experience in working with environmental certification. It has been observedto be of interest to all stakeholders to work for a greener Sweden where everyone iscontributing to a more efficient use of resources of the earth's resources. Property owners who contribute with 40 percent of the total energy consumption in Sweden want to join andstreamline consumption as it contributes to a positive reputation and that the term iseconomically viable as it provides a lower operating and maintenance costs. The respondentsagree upon that the environmental certification is an acknowledgment that the building wasbuilt with good material and is environmental. The benefits of offering environmentallycertified offices are among other things, tenants who have certified facilities as a requirement.Environmental certification strengthens and creates better relationships with stakeholders andsimultaneously sends qualitative signals directly linked to the brand.

This dissertation investigates the motivating factors as well as the perceived inhibitors to the Nigeria diaspora investing in Nigeria. Two studies address (1) the motivation for the Nigeria diaspora to invest in their country of origin (2) the perceived factors inhibiting them. Not much is known about what motivates diaspora to invest in their country of origin or why investment intensity varies among diaspora communities. To this end, the relationship between the causal factors and Nigerian born diaspora investment interest is examined using Nielsen & Riddle (2007) investment motivation framework. Using this interdisciplinary approach, an individual level conceptual model of diaspora homeland investment is generated. The study shows that members of the Nigeria diaspora community do not invest in their homeland for financial reward. They invest for perceived emotional returns and this is positively moderated by the degree of their social embeddedness in their country of origin as well as in their country of residence. They also invest for perceived social rewards. This is also moderated by their social embeddedness. The second study examined the perceived inhibitors to diasporic investment using the Galetto conceptual framework (Galetto, 2011). According to Galletto, investment is contingent on four main proximate factors; a minimum amount of money remitted or saved; minimum level of local development; the presence of suitable investment opportunities and the existence of specific household arrangement. The study shows that the perceived inhibitors to diasporic investment are: poor physical infrastructure; weak financial system and political instability and risk and that the dominant inhibitor is political instability and risk. Collectively, these two studies examine why the Nigeria diaspora would want to invest in their homeland and what prevents them from doing so. They seek to identify ways to turn diaspora investment and entrepreneurship interest into meaningful investment in the country-of-origin. Understanding why the nascent Nigeria diaspora investor or entrepreneur invest in their homeland and the obstacles they face is an important first step to identifying ways that governments can attract diasporic investment and entrepreneurship through marketing and other promotional efforts. Finally, this research lays a foundation for a stream of future research, building on the findings and data generated in the process of addressing the research questions. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

Despite the fact that most firms are late entrants in any product market, research on how to achieve a late-mover advantage is limited and lags behind the theoretical work on first-mover advantage. The strategic choice a late mover can utilize to compete against the pioneer is largely underdeveloped. Further, extant studies provide contradictory arguments and predictions regarding the efficacy of two basic late entry strategies: an enhancing strategy (providing a late entrant with enhanced features along existing product attributes) and a distinctive strategy (adding new or unique features to a late entrant' offering). The goal of this dissertation is to better understand the underlying behavioral mechanisms that enable a late entrant to compete with a successful pioneer and thereby address this inconsistency in the literature. Taking a category-based learning perspective, it is proposed that new brands are learned through a comparison process with existing brands. In the process, common features are evaluated in a category-based mode while unique features are processed in a piecemeal fashion. Two behavioral mechanisms are identified — discrepancy effects (i.e., perceived differentiation) which add to the late entrant's visibility and attractiveness, and ambiguity effects (comparison difficulty and perceived performance risk) that lessen the late entrant's attractiveness. Product category familiarity is proposed as the key moderator that affects the salience of each behavioral mechanism and hence the effectiveness of late entry strategies. Three experiments were designed to test the proposed perspective. It was found that common features are the focus of comparison in unfamiliar product classes and unique features receive particular attention in familiar product classes. Accordingly, ambiguity effects become more salient in unfamiliar product categories while differentiation effects are more prominent in familiar product cases. Further, a distinctive strategy is both more differentiated and more ambiguous than an enhancing strategy. Thus, a distinctive strategy is more effective in a familiar product class due to its attention-grabbing nature. An enhancing strategy is more successful in a novel or unfamiliar product class because of low levels of ambiguity. These findings provide important implications for product entry and positioning strategies as well as for further research. / Ph. D.

This thesis presents a technique for the optimal synthesis of planar five-link mechanisms that produce a desired mechanical advantage function over a specified path. Since a five-bar linkage has two degrees of freedom, small deviations from the specified path are possible without significantly altering the mechanical advantage function. The research shows one potential application, the design of strength machines, where it is important to control force while allowing the user freedom of motion. In the past, closed-form analytical synthesis techniques have been used to design mechanical-advantage-generating linkages. This method is time consuming and case specific. However, optimal synthesis techniques apply to the general case and present a robust solution procedure. This thesis uses the non-linear pattern search technique of Hooke and Jeeves to synthesize five-bar linkages. The search technique matches user strength curves and mechanism resistance curves to produce a five-link mechanism. This mechanism produces the desired mechanical-advantage function and serves as the basis for strength training machines. Unlike analytical synthesis, optimization allows direct incorporation of a greater number of design constraints, thus resulting in solutions that are more practical. The pattern search technique aims to minimize a given objective function that depends primarily on the force generating capabilities and kinematic constraints on of the linkage. / Master of Science

Yes / This article reviews the literature on human capital resources and develops a conceptual model incorporating social capital, relational capital and knowledge as the components of human capital resources and linking these to competitive advantage. Scholars from various disciplines expanded our understanding of human capital as important organizational resources but research in this field remains fragmented. Building on past research this review contributes to existing knowledge in human capital resources by introducing an integrated conceptual framework comprising of both micro-level human capital and macro-level strategic human capital resources. In so doing it provides alternative definitions for human capital resources with the aim to make their assessment and understandability more meaningful and clearer than what has been offered so far. Moreover, by bringing knowledge, social capital and relational capital under human capital, this review encourages a dialogue among scholars from various disciplines to investigate the creation and accumulation of strategic human capital resources holistically.