The charter market of the airline industry has progressively grown from an insignificant segment in international traffic to a relatively significant one during the last decade. What affect has the growth of the international charter market had on scheduled operations? The scheduled operators state that charters divert a substantial amount of passenger traffic away from them thereby jeopardizing their cross-subsidization system. On the other hand, charter operators claim that not only do they serve an entirely different market segment of demand for air travel thereby causing no diversion but that they in fact generate additional business for the airline industry as a whole. The purpose of this paper then, is to attempt to determine the impact, if any, that charter carriers may have on scheduled operations. A number of hypotheses were developed which, when investigated, would indicate whether or not charter flights divert passengers away from scheduled flights. Data to test these hypotheses were obtained from questionnaires distributed, during the summer of 1970, to trans-Atlantic passengers on charter and scheduled flights. The sample size consisted of 182 charter passengers and 100 scheduled passengers. The general conclusion was that charter and scheduled passengers have different demographic characteristics. This implies that charter carriers may serve a different market segment of demand for international air travel. However, when the charter passengers, notwithstanding their demographic characteristics, were asked if they would still take this trip to Europe, either now or in the near future, if they had to fly on a scheduled airliner and pay the regular fare, almost fifty percent responded in the affirmative. Therefore, it appears that, over the trans-Atlantic route, charter carriers divert a substantial amount of passenger traffic away from scheduled carriers. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is threefold. Firstly, a working measure of the profitability realized by C.P. Air in their Pacific operations should be derived. This will be gauged through the calculation of profit indicators on each of eight route segments. With the aid of these indicators, some suggestions can be given regarding the presence and degree of cross-subsidization in C.P. Air's overall operation. Secondly, the impact of possible charter development on scheduled services should be ascertained. Uncovering the nature of the Pacific air travel market and the major trends therein will complement the discussion of this evolution. Thirdly, consideration should be given to the implications that arise for Canadian regulatory policy. In particular, reference should be made to the aviation policies set out by the Canadian Transport Commission and to the stated objective of the National Transportation Act of 1967. This will serve to highlight the areas in which regulatory inconsistencies occur and in which questions may be asked concerning the long-run development of Canadian airline companies. Cost and performance data as well as information on the general development of the Pacific air travel market was collected and analyzed. This analysis provided a basis for the study of the Pacific operations of C.P. Air. Through this progressive analysis, profit indicators were derived on a route basis. In order to assess the effect of non-scheduled operators on regular Pacific air services, a gravity-type model was formulated and tested for the years 1962 - 1968. The impact of charters was measured through the inclusion of a "dummy-variable" in the multiple regression framework. The process was further refined to include some factor analysis in order to determine the principal dimensions of demand. Using the results of the statistical analysis, selected aspects of regulatory policy were discussed. This enabled questions to be asked regarding the appropriateness of some current transport policies. It was concluded that C.P. Air was apparently realizing sizeable returns on many Pacific routes. Although it was necessary to qualify this finding, it could not be denied that profits seemed high and C.P. Air would not wish any disturbance to occur. Should charters evolve in the Pacific to a significant magnitude, it was felt a large impact would be made on C.P. Air's scheduled services. Finally, it was concluded that domestic regulatory policy must be improved. The system should encourage efficient operations domestically and reinstate the true, spirit of serving the public interest. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

The thesis examines the formation and development of post-World War II international collaboration in the economic regulation of the commercial aspects (i.e., market entry; market shares and prices) of civil aviation. Specifically, it studies the formation and operation of one type of international regime: a cartel. The thesis seeks to answer two questions: why do states cooperate to support an international cartel? And why do states cease to support a cartel? The study proposes three reasons why states will support a cartel: (1) to promote consumer welfare and the growth of the industry; (2) to ensure the development and protection of their national carriers; and (3) in response to hegemonic activity. It then considers why states cease to participate in the cartel arrangements. This occurs: if states no longer believe that the cartel is promoting consumer welfare and industrial growth; if they conclude that their industry no longer benefits from cartel protection; or if the hegemon is unable or unwilling, or both, to support the regime. All three give valuable insights. Nevertheless, the author proposes that it is possible to establish a hierarchy of usefulness according to the depth and scope of understanding offered by each explanation. It is argued that hegemonic stability theory provides the most useful insights. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Note:

Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 114-116.

Wan, Yulai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-44). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Framework --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Simulation Model --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Phase 1: Detect Potential Delay --- p.15 / Chapter 5.1 --- The delay indicator --- p.15 / Chapter 5.2 --- Setting tolerance level --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Phase 2: Prescribe Corrective Measures --- p.22 / Chapter 6.1 --- Corrective measures --- p.22 / Chapter 6.2 --- Criteria of selecting measures --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Phase 3: Validate Corrective Measures --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Managerial Insights --- p.34 / Chapter 8.1 --- "Improvement potential, tolerance level and lateness of correction" --- p.34 / Chapter 8.2 --- Taking corrective measure before consolidation is helpful --- p.36 / Chapter 8.3 --- Reducing activity duration is a better way to lower activity criticality --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Conclusion and Future Research --- p.40 / References --- p.42 / Appendix: Program code for the simulation model --- p.45

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The air cargo industry is evolving rapidly, as is its international law regime. The recent entry into force of the Montreal Protocol No. 4 and adoption of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air signed at Montreal on 28 May 1999 constitutes a new legal framework for air cargo claims. / Rather than offering definite answers, this thesis identifies some current and emerging issues in the law of air cargo claims, particularly those aspects that the claimant must prove. The work traces the development of the Warsaw System by writers and courts, and attempts to identify trends in the application and interpretation of the new legal framework. The evolution towards independence of the law of carriage of goods by air from other similar regimes, and the existing connections among them, are examined. When appropriate, common law and civil law solutions to some legal issues will be introduced. / Finally, the thesis concludes that conflicting decisions in this field could be avoided by adopting uniform rules to solve conflicts of laws and to interpret international carriage conventions.

The air transport industry is at present subject to dramatic traffic growth, which is expected to triple in the next 20 years. The industry must attempt to meet this unavoidable challenge by somehow accommodating the increase in passenger flow. This thesis proposes to examine how automation devices may assist in meeting this challenge by facilitating passenger clearance. They would do so by improving the lengthy, formalistic, and overly-bureaucratic, immigration and customs procedures. A myriad of different legal issues are engaged by these initiatives. Although many of them are mentioned throughout this thesis, the core legal analysis focuses on the challenge to privacy triggered by these endeavours, and the conflicting interests of individuals and industry players. Finally, a proposal to eliminate, or at least to reduce, this conflict is recommended.

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