Thesis (M.N.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on April 24, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Mark J. Miller, Dept. of Political Science and International Relations. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSc.(Anatomy)--Faculty of Health Sciences)-University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, November, 2008. / Release of full electronic text on OhioLINK has been delayed until December 1, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-221)

This study examined the amount of European genetic admixture in the enslaved African population from Newton Plantation, Barbados. Newton Plantation was a British sugar plantation from the 17th to 19th centuries. Approximately 150 individuals were recovered from an unmarked slave cemetery during archaeological investigations in the 1970s and 1990s. Using maximum mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth measurements of the available teeth from the individuals in the cemetery, Newton was compared to nineteen comparative samples of African, European, African American and European American populations that date from the time of British colonization to the 20th century. Previous European admixture estimations in the Newton Plantation cemetery sample were 5-10% (Corruccini et al., 1982; Ritter, 1991); this study found similar rates of admixture in the population (5.38-10.25%). Because of social practices in the Caribbean during the time of slavery, European admixture could have resulted in preferential treatment of slaves with such genetic background.

A África e os africanos são, sem dúvida, objetos especiais para a abordagem das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. O Brasil foi um dos países que receberam mais escravos negros oriundos da África. Houve momentos na história que a população negra e escrava suplantavam a população branca de origem européia, dona daqueles escravos. No início do século XIX, a capital do império, o Rio de Janeiro, era denominado por pequena África, tal o número da população negra existente. Devido a esta forte ligação, discursos foram criados para intermediar a relação destes dois povos. A teoria das representações sociais é convocada neste trabalho como instrumento teórico metodológico com os objetivos de investigar o processo de formação e a estrutura da representação social da África e dos africanos. Para alcançar tais finalidades foram realizados dois tipos de entrevistas: o primeiro foi uma entrevista fechada, realizada com 200 estudantes de graduação da UERJ, os sujeitos da presente pesquisa, com a finalidade de obter dados que pudessem ser analisados pela abordagem estrutural. Desses 200 entrevistados, 25 também responderam perguntas abertas, caracterizando uma entrevista semi-estruturada que visava abordar os aspectos processuais das representações. Na análise, verificou-se que a representação da África está muito ligada as mazelas, como pobreza, fome e miséria enquanto a representação social dos africanos está relacionada a aspectos mais positivos, como alegria, luta e cultura. A discrepância destes resultados gerou a necessidade de voltar a campo para investigar o porquê das gritantes diferenças entre estas duas representações. Destes 20 alunos entrevistados, 35% acreditam que as imagens negativas da África têm relação com as imagens veiculadas pela mídia e outros 30% crêem que isso é conseqüência da grande pobreza que existe lá. Já a imagem positiva dos africanos está relacionada a naturalização de aspectos positivos atribuídos aos africanos, como alegres e obstinados (30%) e uma identificação entre brasileiros e africanos(25%). A análise mostra que enquanto a representação social da África é muito veiculada ao discurso midiático, a representação social dos africanos relaciona-se fortemente aos discursos politicamente corretos como a democracia racial. / Africa and Africans are undoubtedly artifacts for the approach of the Social Sciences and Humanities. Brazil was one of the countries that received more black slaves from Africa. There are moments in history that the black slave population outweighed the white population of European origin, the owner of these slaves. In the early nineteenth century, the empire's capital to Rio de Janeiro, was named for a small Africa as the number of existing black population. Due to this strong bond, speeches were designed to mediate the relationship between these two peoples. The theory of social representations is called here as a theoretical tool methodology aiming to investigate the formation process and structure of social representation of Africa and Africans. To achieve these goals were two types of interviews: the first was a closed interview, conducted with 200 undergraduate students, UERJ, the subjects of this research, in order to obtain data that could be analyzed by the structural approach. Of these 200 respondents, 25 also answered open questions, featuring a semi-structured interview that was intended to address the procedural aspects of representations. In the analysis, it was found that the representation of Africa is very much linked ills like poverty, hunger and misery while the social representation of Africans is related to more positive aspects, such as joy, struggle and culture. The discrepancy of these results generated the need to return to the field to investigate why the glaring differences between these two representations. Of 20 students interviewed, 35% believed that negative images of Africa are related to the images in the media and another 30% believe that this is a consequence of extreme poverty that exists there. Since the positive image of Africans is related to positive aspects of naturalization granted to African, as cheerful and tenacious (30%) and an identification between Brazilians and Africans (25%). The analysis shows that while the social representation of Africa is very conveyed to media discourse, the social representation of Africans is strongly correlated to the discourse as politically correct racial democracy.

A África e os africanos são, sem dúvida, objetos especiais para a abordagem das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. O Brasil foi um dos países que receberam mais escravos negros oriundos da África. Houve momentos na história que a população negra e escrava suplantavam a população branca de origem européia, dona daqueles escravos. No início do século XIX, a capital do império, o Rio de Janeiro, era denominado por pequena África, tal o número da população negra existente. Devido a esta forte ligação, discursos foram criados para intermediar a relação destes dois povos. A teoria das representações sociais é convocada neste trabalho como instrumento teórico metodológico com os objetivos de investigar o processo de formação e a estrutura da representação social da África e dos africanos. Para alcançar tais finalidades foram realizados dois tipos de entrevistas: o primeiro foi uma entrevista fechada, realizada com 200 estudantes de graduação da UERJ, os sujeitos da presente pesquisa, com a finalidade de obter dados que pudessem ser analisados pela abordagem estrutural. Desses 200 entrevistados, 25 também responderam perguntas abertas, caracterizando uma entrevista semi-estruturada que visava abordar os aspectos processuais das representações. Na análise, verificou-se que a representação da África está muito ligada as mazelas, como pobreza, fome e miséria enquanto a representação social dos africanos está relacionada a aspectos mais positivos, como alegria, luta e cultura. A discrepância destes resultados gerou a necessidade de voltar a campo para investigar o porquê das gritantes diferenças entre estas duas representações. Destes 20 alunos entrevistados, 35% acreditam que as imagens negativas da África têm relação com as imagens veiculadas pela mídia e outros 30% crêem que isso é conseqüência da grande pobreza que existe lá. Já a imagem positiva dos africanos está relacionada a naturalização de aspectos positivos atribuídos aos africanos, como alegres e obstinados (30%) e uma identificação entre brasileiros e africanos(25%). A análise mostra que enquanto a representação social da África é muito veiculada ao discurso midiático, a representação social dos africanos relaciona-se fortemente aos discursos politicamente corretos como a democracia racial. / Africa and Africans are undoubtedly artifacts for the approach of the Social Sciences and Humanities. Brazil was one of the countries that received more black slaves from Africa. There are moments in history that the black slave population outweighed the white population of European origin, the owner of these slaves. In the early nineteenth century, the empire's capital to Rio de Janeiro, was named for a small Africa as the number of existing black population. Due to this strong bond, speeches were designed to mediate the relationship between these two peoples. The theory of social representations is called here as a theoretical tool methodology aiming to investigate the formation process and structure of social representation of Africa and Africans. To achieve these goals were two types of interviews: the first was a closed interview, conducted with 200 undergraduate students, UERJ, the subjects of this research, in order to obtain data that could be analyzed by the structural approach. Of these 200 respondents, 25 also answered open questions, featuring a semi-structured interview that was intended to address the procedural aspects of representations. In the analysis, it was found that the representation of Africa is very much linked ills like poverty, hunger and misery while the social representation of Africans is related to more positive aspects, such as joy, struggle and culture. The discrepancy of these results generated the need to return to the field to investigate why the glaring differences between these two representations. Of 20 students interviewed, 35% believed that negative images of Africa are related to the images in the media and another 30% believe that this is a consequence of extreme poverty that exists there. Since the positive image of Africans is related to positive aspects of naturalization granted to African, as cheerful and tenacious (30%) and an identification between Brazilians and Africans (25%). The analysis shows that while the social representation of Africa is very conveyed to media discourse, the social representation of Africans is strongly correlated to the discourse as politically correct racial democracy.

Financial literacy has been identified in previous studies as an area that has not been researched extensively in South Africa. This is particularly true for Black South Africans who have been previously disadvantaged and excluded from the mainstream economy and financial services in the apartheid regime. Lower savings and over-indebtedness amongst this group can be attributable to the lower financial literacy levels emanating from the inequalities of the past. This study aims to assess the financial literacy of Black South Africans with a commercial tertiary qualification working in Pretoria and Johannesburg based on descriptive research and structured questionnaires. The study first establishes that although people with a commercial tertiary qualification are more financially literate than those with non-commercial tertiary qualification, Black South Africans are nevertheless less financially literate than their Coloured, Indian and White contemporaries. Secondly, those who have savings have higher financial literacy than those who do not have savings. / Mini Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Financial Management / MCom / Unrestricted

Ting is a cooked fermented sorghum food that is popular amongst southern Africans for its sour taste and unique flavour. However, major challenges are associated with large-scale production and marketing of this spontaneously fermented food due to inconsistent microbiological and sensory quality. The use of starter cultures may circumvent these limitations. Prior to engaging starter cultures, detailed knowledge of the microbial diversity and dynamics during fermentation is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate microbial diversity and dynamics during sorghum fermentations, and to clarify the role of starter cultures regarding the microbiological safety and consumer acceptance of sensory characteristics of fermented ting. A culture-independent approach, based on the use of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), revealed that Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus curvatus, Weissella cibaria and some Enterobacteriaceae were predominant at the end of spontaneous sorghum fermentations. Culture-dependent methods indicated that Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, Lb. rhamnosus, E. faecalis, E. mundtii, W. cibaria and L. lactis were predominant at the end of fermentation. These results not only indicated the predominant bacteria during sorghum fermentation, but also indicated that a combined approach is required to reveal microbial diversity and dynamics during spontaneous sorghum fermentations. Based on the above results, L. lactis, Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum and Lb. rhamnosus were evaluated as starter cultures for production of ting. All the starter cultures were able to ferment sorghum, but the lowest pH and highest lactic acid was produced in naturally fermented sorghum inoculated with L. lactis. This fermentation showed an increase in the number of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, whilst pathogen counts decreased. Ting from this fermented gruel, in contrast to naturally fermented sorghum, had sensory properties preferred by panelists. The results indicated that the use of L. lactis in starter cultures may result in ting with consistent and acceptable attributes. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

This dissertation examines the popular politics of the anticolonial struggle in Algiers from the perspective of people who participated in the Algerian Revolution at a grassroots level. It is largely the product of interviews conducted with 30 women and men who participated in the revolution in and around Algiers. Their participation in the struggle took diverse forms, including armed combat, material or logistical support to those fighting, participating in strikes or protests, and so on. In examining Algerians' anticolonial struggle 'from below,' I have sought to illuminate different and more plural perspectives of this period of history. In presenting this new material, I put forward a number of critiques on the existing historiography of the Algerian Revolution. My goal has been not only to include those who have been excluded from larger narratives in order to fold them into the political history of the revolution, but to demonstrate how these perspectives challenge those narratives. Finally, I have taken the experiences and perspectives of these Algerians to be a legitimate and productive vantage point from which to reflect on larger theoretical questions of popular politics and revolutions in the colonized world. These include questions about revolution, the diverse political imaginaries of what constitutes liberation and freedom, the means that can justly be used to attain such ends, the blurry lines between resistance and collaboration, the relationship between avant-garde parties and the masses that lend them support, and the different iterations of Islamic politics in modernity.