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1	Afirmativní akce nebo pozitivní diskriminace? / Affirmative action or positive discrimination? Buldrová, Andrea January 2008 (has links) This thesis deals with the idea of affirmative action and its importance in the development of American society. The main goal is to analyze the effects of affirmative action and to evaluate its positive and negative impacts. The thesis has following structure. At first the theory and basic defenitions of affirmative action and other connected terms are explained. The second part is oriented on historical development of the fight against discrimination and for equal rights of minorities and women. Since 60's it focuses directly on affirmative action programs. At the same time the public stance is examined as well as the main influeces that were and are able to change it. That is why this work deals with some concrete Supreme Court cases which played an essential role in changing the focus and popularity of affirmative action. Particular Supreme Court sentences acted in both directions - there are some cases which were judged in favor of institutions practising affirmative policy or of a member of a group which had to face past discrimination. On the other hand, some sentences led to the end of such programs, especially in 80's when many conservative justices were nominated by president Ronald Reagan. The present situation and the future of affirmative action depend fundamentally on the stance of U.S. administration. The new one around president Barack Obama gives hope to affirmative policy and its supporters.
2	Instrumentalisation du Swahili dans l’espace revendicatif afro-americain et commentaires de locuteurs swahili sur la celebration Kwanzaa. Ferrari, Aurelia 03 December 2012 (has links) (PDF) Kwanzaa ni sikukuu ya utamaduni pendwa inayosherehekewa na amarekani-Waafrika na watu wengine wa diaspora sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Kwanzaa husherehekewa kwa siku saba toka Desemba tarehe 26 hadi Januari 1. Sherehe hiyo iliyotokana na vuguvugu la Wamarekani weusi kuenzi historia na utamaduni wao toka Afrika. Ilianzishwa mwaka 1966. Katika makala haya, tutaonyesha kwamba Kiswahili katika sherehe hiyo hakitumiki kama lugha ya mawasiliano, kinatumika kama lugha ya kuungana Wamarekani weusi na kuwakumbusha asili zao za kiafrika. Tutaangalia pia maoni mbali mbali ya Waafrika wanaojua Kiswahili na wanaoishi barani Afrika kuhusu sherehe hiyo. Tumeyachukua na tumeyachanganua maoni ya Waghana kwa sababu Ghana ilichaguliwa na watu wa diaspora na hasa na Warasta kama “nchi au ardhi ya rejeo”, kwa hivyo Waghana wanahusika sana na msukumo huu wa Wamarekani weusi. Swahili Kwanzaa Amerika Panafrikanismus Black Power Philosophie Kawaida Afroamerikaner Maulana Karenga Swahili Kwanzaa Black Power Kawaida philosophy Afroamericans pan-africanism Maulana Karenga America ddc:496 Swahili Philosophie Kwanzaa Karenga Maulana Black Power Amerika
3	Instrumentalisation du Swahili dans l’espace revendicatif afro-americain et commentaires de locuteurs swahili sur la celebration Kwanzaa. Ferrari, Aurelia 03 December 2012 (has links) Kwanzaa ni sikukuu ya utamaduni pendwa inayosherehekewa na amarekani-Waafrika na watu wengine wa diaspora sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Kwanzaa husherehekewa kwa siku saba toka Desemba tarehe 26 hadi Januari 1. Sherehe hiyo iliyotokana na vuguvugu la Wamarekani weusi kuenzi historia na utamaduni wao toka Afrika. Ilianzishwa mwaka 1966. Katika makala haya, tutaonyesha kwamba Kiswahili katika sherehe hiyo hakitumiki kama lugha ya mawasiliano, kinatumika kama lugha ya kuungana Wamarekani weusi na kuwakumbusha asili zao za kiafrika. Tutaangalia pia maoni mbali mbali ya Waafrika wanaojua Kiswahili na wanaoishi barani Afrika kuhusu sherehe hiyo. Tumeyachukua na tumeyachanganua maoni ya Waghana kwa sababu Ghana ilichaguliwa na watu wa diaspora na hasa na Warasta kama “nchi au ardhi ya rejeo”, kwa hivyo Waghana wanahusika sana na msukumo huu wa Wamarekani weusi. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/496 ddc:496

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