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The provision of retraining programmes has been adopted by many countries in addressing the problem of unemployment among middle-aged workers. This review of retraining programmes for the middle-aged unemployed covers documents and research studies on these programmes. Retraining has been and is still the most popular strategy adopted by nation states in tackling the problem of unemployment of the low skilled middle aged. "Who is responsible for financing retraining programmes" has been a hotly debated topic, but as unemployment among the middle aged has become persistent, it is found that governments' responsibility in financing such programmes has been more well-accepted; nevertheless, how to enhance the cost-effectiveness of the programmes remains an issue. The present researcher has identified from the research work three other issues which are considered crucial for the successful implementation of retraining programmes. These are: the implementation approach, the programme delivery model and setting programme objectives. Since most evaluative and research studies on the subject matter have been conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) and mainly cover European countries, the present researcher will conduct an evalutive study in Hong Kong and Shanghai. This will attain two purposes: first, to evaluate the effectiveness of this retraining programme and second, to identify some critical factors that are crucial for effective retraining programmes. / Thesis (DBA(DoctorateofBusinessAdministration))--University of South Australia, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-93).

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Yong, Chi King. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-62). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract / English version --- p.i / Chinese version --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of content --- p.V / Lists of tables --- p.vii / Lists of figures --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Overview of job and occupation embeddedness --- p.3 / Composite measure of job embeddedness and global measure of job embeddedness --- p.12 / Age as possible moderator of relations between embeddedness and intention to change --- p.13 / Literature review on socioemotional selectivity theory --- p.14 / "Super´ةs life-span, life-space model" --- p.15 / Change in intellectual abilities across age --- p.16 / Possible age differences in job and occupational embeddedness --- p.17 / Present study --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.21 / Participants --- p.21 / Measures --- p.22 / Procedure --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.28 / Evidence of construct validity of composite job and occupational embeddedness --- p.28 / Structural equation modeling analyses --- p.35 / Global job and occupational embeddedness --- p.39 / Age moderation effect --- p.40 / Age differences analysis --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.51 / General findings --- p.51 / Limitations --- p.54 / Future research --- p.55 / Implications --- p.56 / References --- p.58 / Footnotes --- p.63

This thesis presents a portfolio of seven publications by the candidate from 1992 to 2001 that have explored the issues facing older workers in Australia during economic restructuring. Four of these publications are empirical, the remainder reflective and conceptual. Empirical data is presented from four samples testing a conceptual framework that explains how the contextual and individual circumstances facing older workers led them to opt for early retirement. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2001.

Thesis (MBus) -- University of South Australia, 1992

Thesis (MEd (Human Resource Studies)) -- University of South Australia, 1994