Yes / Context: Adult age-at-death is presented in a number of different ways by anthropologists. Ordinal categories predominate in osteoarchaeology, but do not reflect individual variation in ageing, with too many adults being classified as ‘middle adults’. In addition, mean ages (derived from reference samples) are overly-relied upon when developing and testing methods. In both cases, ‘age mimicry’ is not adequately accounted for. Objectives: To highlight the many inherent biases created when developing, testing and applying age-estimation methods without fully considering the impact of ‘age mimicry’ and individual variation. Methods: The paper draws on previously published research (Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar) on age estimation methods and their use in anthropology. Results and Conclusions: There is a lack of consistency in the methods used to estimate age, and for the mode of combining them. Ordinal categories are frequently used in osteoarchaeology, whereas forensic anthropologists are more likely to produce case-specific age ranges. Mean ages reflect the age structure of reference samples, and should not be used to estimate age for individuals from populations with a different age-at-death structure. Individual-specific age ranges and/or probability densities should be used to report individual age. Further research should be undertaken on how to create unbiased, combined method age estimates.

Title: Monitoring of reaction abilities in different age categories of judo athletes Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to assess the influence of judo on the reaction abilities among different age groups of judo athletes. This finding should help to develop a view of necessity of focusing on reaction abilities during exercise unit. Methods: During the research a reactometer was used to capture simple and complex reaction time to visual stimulus and tactile response. Overall 166 individuals (100 men, 66 women) took part of the monitoring from which 3 were excluded. Every proband has undergone one test measurement (5 stimuls at least) and two evaluated ones (20 seconds each). The shorter - reaction time score was consider as a result for the particular test. The outcomes were utilized via Kruskal - Wallis test, Pearsons's and Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann - Whitney's test and others. Results: The biggest difference between reaction period was observed between the age group of 8-10 and older groups. This category has also significantly differed in reaction period and the highest median. Statistically any notable difference was not confirmed among judo athletes and our control group in contrary with the situation between individual age categories. The hypothesis of judo athletes training...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to give a partial characterization of speech of several age groups: ninth grade students, people aged 19-24 years, people aged 44-50 years and people aged 65 or more years and also draw a comparison between them in certain areas. The thesis contains the theoretical part, which focuses on simple functional communication style in general, non-verbal communication elements, symptoms suprasegmental speech marks and vocabulary range. The practical part is divided into two chapters. The first one describes necessities and areas of research. The second one provides a summary of speech specifics of individual age groups and mutual comparison of them. The practical part focuses on expression quality, ie., accuracy and linguistic correctness. It is also focused on the periphery of the vocabulary range.