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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Aging genes and their effect on bioaging: using Huntington disease age at onset as a model system

Foroud, Tatiana January 1994 (has links)
This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).
2

Developmental Pathways To Conduct Problems

Dandreaux, Danielle 08 August 2007 (has links)
This study tests the predictions made by several causal theories proposing different etiologies for childhood-onset and adolescent-onset conduct problems. It investigates a variety of causal factors proven to be important for the development of antisocial behaviors, specifically neuropsychological/cognitive deficits, temperamental vulnerabilities, dysfunctional parenting, deviant peers, and rebelliousness. Current theories generally agree that the early onset pathway is distinguished by interactions between a child with a difficult temperament and dysfunctional parent-child interactions. However, theories differ as to whether they emphasize the temperament and neurocognitive deficits of the child, or the parenting behaviors. In the adolescent onset pathway, theories typically focus on the importance of affiliation with deviant peers but differ as to whether this is attributed to a personality characterized by the rejection of traditional values and rebelliousness as leading to this association or failures in parenting practices. Seventy-eight pre-adjudicated adolescent (ranging in age from 11 to 18) boys housed in two short-term detention facilities and one outpatient program for boys at risk for involvement in the juvenile justice system in southeastern Louisiana participated in the current study. The sample was ethnically diverse (56% African-American) and largely came from facilities serving either a large urban or a largely suburban and rural region of the state. The sample was divided into two groups based on the youngest age of a self-reported delinquent act or parent-reported severe conduct problem. The childhoodonset group (n =47) displayed at least one serious antisocial behavior prior to age 12, whereas the adolescent-onset group (n =31) did not. As predicted, the childhood-onset group showed greater levels of dysfunctional parenting and CU traits. Contrary to predictions, however, this group also showed the strongest affiliation with deviant peers. The only variable strongly associated with the adolescent onset group was lower scores on a measure of traditionalism which indicates less endorsement of traditional values and status hierarchies. The implications of these results for understanding different causal trajectories to antisocial behavior and for designing better prevention and treatment programs for antisocial youth are discussed.
3

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE OF ONSET OF DRUG USE, DRUG DEPENDENCE, MENTAL DISORDERS, AND OFFENSE TYPE AND SEVERITY

Gallo, Kimberly Diane 01 March 2015 (has links)
This study examines the relationship between age of onset of drug use and later drug dependence, and that of age of onset of drug use and current offense type/severity. In addition, it investigates the relationship between mental disorders, drug dependence, and current offense type/severity. Data from years 2007 to 2010 of the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program II (ADAM II) were used. The analyses included cross tabulation and chi square. The results indicated that early onset marijuana users (those who began using at age fourteen or younger) were more likely to develop drug dependence than late onset users of marijuana. In addition, early onset users of heroin and of methamphetamine were more likely to develop drug dependence than late onset users of those drugs. No significant relationships were found between early onset of any of the four drugs and offense type; however significant relationships were found between early onset of marijuana and of methamphetamine, and offense severity. Significant relationships were found between offense severity and mental disorders, but not between offense type and mental disorders. Significant relationships were found for both offense type and severity when cross tabulated with mental disorders and drug dependence. These results indicate that more research is needed on these topics. This is because the findings of the current study partially support what has been found in existing literature. A clearer understanding of the topics of the current study is needed in order to draw definite conclusions.
4

Examining Trends in the Incidence of Asthma in Children in Ontario

Radhakrishnan, Dhenuka 16 July 2013 (has links)
Background: The causes of trends in asthma incidence are not fully understood. Objectives: This study examined trends in age and severity at asthma diagnosis for Ontario children. Methods: Multiple birth cohorts of Ontario children between 1992-2000 were created using health administrative data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression examined changes in age and severity of asthma at diagnosis over time. Results: Age at asthma diagnosis decreased (p<0.0001) with a higher relative risk of asthma in children under age three (RR=1.5, 95% CI:1.47, 1.54). Predictors of asthma diagnosis before three included male sex, lower income quintile, and maternal asthma. ‘Severe onset asthma’ increased over time (p<0.0001), its predictors being male sex, lower income quintile, rural residence, comorbidity, low birth weight and age less than three. Conclusions: Observed trends in asthma incidence are not confined to mild disease and are secondary to variations in asthma rates in children under age three.
5

Examining Trends in the Incidence of Asthma in Children in Ontario

Radhakrishnan, Dhenuka 16 July 2013 (has links)
Background: The causes of trends in asthma incidence are not fully understood. Objectives: This study examined trends in age and severity at asthma diagnosis for Ontario children. Methods: Multiple birth cohorts of Ontario children between 1992-2000 were created using health administrative data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression examined changes in age and severity of asthma at diagnosis over time. Results: Age at asthma diagnosis decreased (p<0.0001) with a higher relative risk of asthma in children under age three (RR=1.5, 95% CI:1.47, 1.54). Predictors of asthma diagnosis before three included male sex, lower income quintile, and maternal asthma. ‘Severe onset asthma’ increased over time (p<0.0001), its predictors being male sex, lower income quintile, rural residence, comorbidity, low birth weight and age less than three. Conclusions: Observed trends in asthma incidence are not confined to mild disease and are secondary to variations in asthma rates in children under age three.
6

Investigation on Genetic Modifiers of Age at Onset of Major Depressive Disorder

Gedik, Huseyin 01 January 2017 (has links)
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex multifactorial disorder, which would lead to disability. Environmental and genetic factors are involved in MDD etiology. The aim of this project was to identify loci modifying age at onset (AAO) of MDD using survival models after adjusting for Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA). To achieve this aim, a dataset was made available by the China Oxford and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) consortium. The study population had 5,220 controls and 5,282 cases with MDD. We performed two univariate association analyses using Cox Proportional Hazard (Cox PH) models. These two are Full Sample (FS), cases and controls, and only the Case Cohort (CC). No genome-wide significant associations were found in univariate analyses. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis showed that there were significant enrichments in neurological Gene Ontology terms and some novel non-neural pathways. These findings may allow us to better understand MDD pathology.
7

Gender differences in schizophrenia observations from Northern Finland

Räsänen, S. (Sami) 12 May 2000 (has links)
Abstract Using three different schizophrenic populations from Northern Finland, gender differences in some sociodemographic variables, age at onset, incidence, treatment, outcome and deinstitutionalization of schizophrenia were examined. The first study population comprises the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which is an unselected, general population birth cohort. We followed prospectively 11017 subjects from 16 to 28 years of age by means of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. From this study population gender differences at the age of onset and incidence of schizophrenia were calculated. The second study population was formed of 1525 patients who had their first treatment episodes at the closed therapeutic community ward situated at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu during 1977 - 1993. Gender differences were assessed in relation to age at first admission, some sociodemographic variables, degree of active participation of the patients in individual, group, and milieu therapy and institutional outcome of the patients with schizophrenia. The third study population consisted of all the 253 long-stay psychiatric inpatients treated for at least six months without a break during 1992 in the Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital. From this study population gender differences at the age of onset and in relation to some sociodemographic and clinical variables were studied. The placements after the last discharge and at the end of the follow-up and factors predicting hospitalization after the follow-up were also monitored. There were no statistically significant gender differences regarding age at onset in any of these three different study populations. The time lag between the first psychotic symptoms and the first psychiatric hospitalization was minimal. In the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study the annual incidence rate of DSM-III-R schizophrenia was relatively high, 7.9 per 10 000 in men and 4.4 in women by the age of 28. In men it was highest in the age group of the 20-24 year-olds while in women the peak occurred earlier in the age group of the 16-19 year-olds. In the Therapeutic community study there were no statistically significant gender differences in the sociodemographic variables, in the length of stay and in the number of treatment episodes in this ward in any of the diagnostic groups. Differences with regard to male and female participation in individual, group and milieu therapy and the institutional outcome were minimal, some trends, however, favoring females. In the long-stay patients study almost two-thirds of these patients were men. Very few gender differences were found in relation to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or regarding the utilization of psychiatric hospital care. About 70% of the long-stay patients were discharged during the four year follow-up period and only 15% were able to live without continuous support. Marital status (being not married), dwelling place (living in city), absence of negative symptoms and severity of the illness were associated with hospitalization at the end of the follow-up. Gender did not predict hospitalization at the end of the follow-up period. The results of this study indicate that there are probably different subgroups of schizophrenia in which there are no gender differences regarding age at onset and in the clinical picture of the disturbance or there are regional differences in the manifestation of the illness. In Finland patients are hospitalized earlier after the onset of the first psychotic symptoms than in many other countries. According to the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study the incidence of schizophrenia is higher among young men than women and the total life-time incidence of schizophrenia may be smaller in women. The results from the Therapeutic community study suggest that therapeutic community treatment may level out the gender differences in the treatment process and outcome. The long-stay patient study showed that long-term patients are dependent on considerable support and that the most seriously ill patients are in fact in hospital. Alternative residential facilities have been a presupposition to the deinstitutionalization of the long-stay patients.
8

Lower effectiveness of intravenous steroid treatment for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis in hospitalised patients with older onset: a multicentre cohort study / 中等症・重症で入院を要する高齢発症潰瘍性大腸炎に対するステロイド大量静注療法の低有効性:多施設共同コホート研究

Okabayashi, Shinji 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24492号 / 医博第4934号 / 新制||医||1063(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 妹尾 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
9

Association Studies of Cytochrome P450 2J2*7 Variants in Type 2 Diabetes with Family History and Early Age of Onset

Huang, Han-Fen 26 June 2006 (has links)
Cytochrome P450¡]CYP¡^2J2, the single member of human cytochromes P450 II J subfamily, plays an important role in the biosynthesis of biologically active cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. An allelic variant named CYP 2J2*7, a relatively frequent G¡÷T substitution at position-50 relative to the transcription start site, which interrupts a critical Sp1 binding site, results in both decreased promoter activity in vitro and reduced circulating levels of CYP2J2 epoxygenase metabolites. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) are endogenously produced and incorporated into membrane phospholipids in the pancreas. Low concentrations of 5,6-EETs stimulate insulin secretion, whereas 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs stimulate glucagon secretion from the pancreas. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. EETs increased PPAR-£\ and PPAR-£^ transcription activity. PPAR-£\ and PPAR-£^ play a key role in the regulation of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Thus, genetic abnormalities in the function or expression of CYP2J2, the pathogenetic of enzymes may play a role in diabetes. The present study investigates whether CYP 2J2*7 gene polymorphism can be associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. We studied 2,073 Chinese type 2 diabetes patients and 704 control subjects without. CYP 2J2*7 gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR. In both study groups, the genotype frequency distributions of this polymorphism were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CYP2J2*7 genotype distribution or allele frequencies were not different between type 2 diabetes and control subjects. Diabetics with young age of onset¡]¡Ø35 years old¡^ had a higher frequency of T variant than that of the age of onset of greater than 35 years old and controls ( GG / GT + TT = 84.2% / 15.8% vs. 90.3% / 9.7% vs. 91.3% / 8.7%¡Fp = 0.018¡Ap = 0.027 ). CYP2J2*7 genotype had a statistically significant association with age of onset ( p for trend = 0.042 ). The HOMA-IR and HOMA-£] values were significantly higher in diabetic patients with young age of onset compared to those of late onset diabetics and controls. CYP2J2*7 polymorphism was associated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-£] in diabetics with young age of onset and controls, subjects and T variants had significant higher value of HOMA-IR and HOMA-£]¡]early onset diabetics¡GGG / GT + TT = 8.9 ¡Ó 6.1 / 6.4 ¡Ó 3.8, p=0.045¡Fcontrols¡GGG / GT + TT = 2.6 ¡Ó 1.1 / 2.1 ¡Ó 0.8, p = 0.007¡^.These findings suggest that CYP 2J2*7 polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of young onset type 2 diabetes and family diabetic history.
10

Heritable modulators of the multiple sclerosis phenotype /

Masterman, Thomas, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

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