Thesis (M.P.H.M.)--Mahidol University, 2000.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 104-110.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 30, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 194-206).

Too many elderly women suffer rapid aging decline, frailty and hypokinetic disease simply because of inadequate levels of physical activity. While the biopsychosocial benefits of regular exercise are now well-known, explanations are lacking for the reluctance of aging Canadian females to take up, or keep up, healthful forms of leisure-time physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine and explain the variability of participation in health-promoting form sof exercise in elderly women. Several health behavior theories and personal attributes have shown promise in explaining exercise behavior, and thus, a second purpose of the study was to test the utility of a composite theoretical model. The composite model included ten personal and situational attributes as well as five cognitive beliefs about physical activity adapted from Social Cognitive Theory and a belief about personal control over one's health from Health Locus of Control Theory. A city-wide sample of 327 Vancouver women aged 70 and 98 years filled out survey questionnaires providing information on the 16 model variables in addition to kilocalorie estimates of exercise in the past week. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain late life exercise in three stages: 1) regression on the ten personal and situational attributes; 2) regression on the six cognitive beliefs; and 3) combined regression on all the significant predictors. From the life situational variables, health, childhood movement confidence, school location, and age were significant factors explaining 18% of the variability seen in current exercise level. From the cognitive variables, current self-efficacy to exercise and current social support to engage in physical activity were the only significant predictors (R2 = 22%). A full regression model was tested by including the four statistically important situational variables and the two cognitive variables from the previous analyses. The utility of the Composite Model was supported in that both situational variables and self-referent beliefs played significant and independent roles in explaining late life exercise (R2 = 26%). The main reasons that older women were physically active were: 1) they perceived high levels of social support to exercise (b = .239, p< .01); 2) they felt efficacious for fitness-types of activities (b = .185, p< .01), 3) they had satisfactory health (b = .174, p < .01), and 4) they were educated in foreign countries (b = -.125, p < .01). Health locus of control offered some explanation but was not able to demonstrate significance alongside other cognitive beliefs (b = -.106, p < .06). Education, socioeconomic status, work role, family size, and marital status were not able to explain late life exercise. This study found that health difficulties do indeed interfere with women’s activity patterns. However, women are also influenced by perceptions of declining social support, lower levels of movement confidence, and chronological age, to reduce their physical activity. Thus, regardless of their health situation, the explanation of exercise involvement in older women rests to a large degree on the amount of social encouragement they perceive from family, friends and physicians, their self-efficacy for fitness activity, as well as perceptions of age-appropriate behavior. Older women who were educated as children outside of Canada, Britain and the U.S. appear to be culturally advantaged for late life physical activity participation. Moreover, childhood movement confidence stands as a significant predictor among the situational variables. These findings suggest that participation in physical activity, and positive beliefs about exercise in late oo, are rooted in competencies and experiences acquired in childhood. Perceptions of inadequate encouragement appear to be limiting females, from childhood on, to develop and sustain confidence in their physical abilities that would promote a more active lifestyle into their oldest life stage. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Health, housing and much more recently, assistive technology, are key determinants of elderly independence in British Columbia. This thesis discusses these three determinants in some detail, and also stresses their interrelationship with each other. Throughout the entire thesis, the elderly's preference to age-in-place (Blackie, 1986; Wheeler, 1982) is stressed. In the issue of health, the current community-based health care delivery system of the British Columbia Ministry of Health's Continuing Care Division is compared and contrasted with a "counterpart" in the United States: the On Lok Health Services System in San Francisco, California. On Lok is discussed to highlight its effectiveness in delivering a community-based holistic health care system for a group of aging-in-place elderly in need of long term care with relatively low cost. In the issue of housing, the thesis investigates three avenues in which architects can apply their skills to maximize aging-in-place possibilities for our elderly in the context of British Columbia. Constraints by building codes, health care regulations, real estate market expectations and the aging characteristics of British Columbia's elderly are also highlighted to bring context to the discussion. In the issue of assistive technology, given the huge range of product development, the thesis focuses on one particularly interesting communication device - the Videophone. The Videophone is discussed to explore its potential impact for elderly independence, especially for the future. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

O trabalho estudou queixas, cuidados, importância e satisfação com a saúde bucal em uma população de idosos cadastrados no Núcleo de Saúde da Família III na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Os idosos foram selecionados para participarem na pesquisa levando-se em conta a capacidade cognitiva (Mini Mental Examination), as atividades normais da vida cotidiana, bem como o consentimento em participar por livre vontade. Os participantes responderam um questionário, em suas residências, sobre saúde bucal elaborado especificamente para o presente estudo, em data previamente agendada pelo pesquisador. O questionário continha questões relacionadas à situação sócio-demográfica, cuidados com saúde bucal, situação protética, auto-avaliação sobre saúde bucal, bem como queixas referentes a este fato. Procurou-se desta forma, identificar o perfil da população estudada segundo levantamento das queixas mais prevalentes, situação em relação aos cuidados com dentes e/ou próteses, bem como a satisfação e o valor dado à saúde bucal. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico para observação de associações de variáveis através de Teste exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado, aceitando-se a associação quando o valor de p era menor ou igual a 0,05. A população adscrita, no referido núcleo no período de realização do presente estudo, era de 503 idosos dos quais foram entrevistados 261, e deste número, 90 idosos (34,5%) eram do sexo masculino e 171 (65,5%) do sexo feminino. A população possuía baixa escolaridade (60,2% com até 4 anos de estudo) e maior número de representantes com idade entre 60 a 69 anos (46,7%). A maioria dos idosos morava com familiares e os homens eram os responsáveis financeiros. Parte significativa dos entrevistados relatou ser desdentada total (48,7%) e este fato esteve associado à idade, escolaridade e convívio na mesma residência. Os indivíduos desdentados totais referiram sua saúde bucal como importante (45,2%) e boa (77,7%) sendo que, entre indivíduos satisfeitos com sua saúde bucal 53,6% eram desdentados totais, e tais variáveis estiveram associadas. Em relação aos cuidados, idosos mais jovens relataram maior número de escovações diárias dos dentes e/ou próteses. Quanto às queixas observou-se maior ocorrência de lesões/feridas na cavidade bucal, queixas referentes à articulação temporomandibular (ATM), mau hálito, boca seca e dificuldade para mastigar. Dentre estas queixas o mau hálito (p=0,015) e a dificuldade para mastigar (p=0,000) mostraram-se estatisticamente associadas à quantidade de dentes. A queixa referente à dificuldade para mastigar estava associada à mobilidade de próteses inferiores (p=0,001). Desta forma concluiu-se que os cuidados com a saúde bucal diminuíram com o avançar da idade, os idosos relataram sentir-se satisfeitos com suas condições de saúde bucal, classificando a mesma como importante, e ser desdentado total não significou necessariamente atribuir valores negativos a esta condição. A falta de dentes não foi referida como uma queixa porém apareceu associada à insatisfação com a saúde bucal. E finalmente concluiu-se que a dificuldade para mastigar esteve associada à idade e à mobilidade das próteses inferiores, sendo que na faixa etária mais avançada esta queixa foi mais freqüente. / The present survey was carried out to study complaints, care, value and satisfaction toward oral health in an aged population filled in the Family Heath Centre III at Ribeirão Preto. The elder were selected to participate in the study according to their cognitive status (Mini Mental Examination Test), normal life activities and their own acceptance to participate. The elder answered at their home, in a previous scheduled procedure, a questionnaire about oral health which was developed specific to the study purpose. The specific domiciliary questionnaire had questions about social demographical profile, oral health care, prosthetic condition, subjective self-reported oral health status and oral health complaints. It was identificated the population profile toward the most prevalent oral health complaints, teeth and prosthetic hygiene and care, satisfaction and self-reported oral health value. The data received statistical treatment to observe the association between variables according to the Fischer Exact and Chi square Tests, and the association was accepted when the p value was equal or lower than 0.05. The population, filled at the Family Health Centre III in the period of the study development, was 503 aged people with more than 60 years old, and 261 were interviewed, where 90 (34.5%) were male and 171 (65.5%) were female. In general the aged reported low education level (60.2%) and they were represented most frequently by the age between 60 to 69 years old (46.7%). The higher of the aged reported living with family and the men were responsible for the financial support of the family. Significant sample of the aged reported being edentate (48.7%) and this fact was correlated to the aged, educational level and living with the family. The edentate people reported that their oral health were important (45.2%) and good (77.7%), and the satisfied people (53.6%) were edentate and these variable were correlated. According to own oral health care, the younger subject reported a higher number of diary tooth brushing. It was reported a higher number of oral wounds, temporomandibular joint, fetid breath, dry mouth and masticator complaints. Among these complaints the fetid breath (p=0,015) and the masticator difficulty (p=0,000) were statistically correlated to inferior denture mobility (p=0,001). It was concluded that oral health care decrease as time goes by, the aged reported being satisfied with their oral health condition, and their oral health was self-classified as an important issue. The subject reported that being edentate do not mean that it is a negative profile. The tooth missing was not reported as complaint but it was statistically correlated with dissatisfaction toward own oral health. Finally it was concluded that masticator difficulty was statistically correlated to inferior dentures mobility being this complain higher reported in the older aged subject sample.

Nós, seres humanos, estamos, a todo momento, naturalmente, coordenando nossas ações para vivermos em sociedade. Estas ações coordenadas guiam as construções sobre o quê pensamos, e, sobre como agimos frente aos diferentes fenômenos do mundo. Desta maneira, essas ações coordenadas acontecem e são construídas em nossas vidas a partir de práticas discursivas que desencadeiam processos conversacionais, que, por meio de diálogos em nosso dia-a-dia, permitem a construção de sentidos sobre algo. O sentido que algo tem para nós, não é um ente que existe e precisa ser descoberto, mas sim algo que se constrói ao longo da vida frente às diversas relações sociais, contextos e histórias vividas. Desta maneira, o sentido que a saúde bucal tem para as pessoas, não é algo presente e existente em determinado grupo e/ou sociedade, e sim algo construído com práticas discursivas ao longo da história e das experiências vividas por cada um de nós. Proponho, com esta pesquisa, uma aproximação entre diversos discursos no intuito de construir sentidos para a saúde bucal com a colaboração de pessoas idosas cadastradas em um núcleo de saúde da família, moradores na cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. A colaboração destes idosos foi fundamental pra a construção de sentidos para a saúde bucal, pois naturalmente são pessoas com muitas experiências e histórias e relatos de acontecimentos associados a saúde bucal. Além da participação de idosos a Atenção Primária à Saúde vem contribuir, especificamente devido aos espaços conversacionais ofertados pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família, para que acontecessem as entrevistas semi-estruturadas de 14 idosos previamente selecionados de acordo com certos critérios de inclusão. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo Análise de Discurso, focando em Repertórios Interpretativos. Como suporte teórico, para a aproximação dos discursos e construção de certos sentidos para a saúde bucal, trago como eixo norteador o Construcionismo Social. Desta maneira pontuo que o Construcionismo Social é uma perspectiva para olharmos o mundo e construir conhecimento, e enquadra o processo epistemológico como algo que as pessoas fazem juntas por meio de suas práticas discursivas e sociais refletidas em seus dia-a-dia. Portanto, esta é uma pesquisa de abordagem metodológica qualitativa, de cunho construcionista social, realizada por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e com análise de discurso fundamentada em Repertórios Interpretativos. Tive como objetivo construir sentidos sobre saúde bucal por meio da articulação entre os discursos de idosos cadastrados em um Núcleo de Saúde da Família na cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP e os discursos trazidos pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, dentro de uma perspectiva Construcionista Social. Para isso objetivei identificar e analisar os Repertórios Interpretativos presentes nos discursos dos idosos para propor um possível entendimento das relações entre o envelhecimento da cavidade bucal, a infância com deficiência de informação sobre saúde bucal, a Atenção Primária à Saúde e determinadas práticas de cuidado com a cavidade bucal. Identificando tais relações, pude construir, conjuntamente com os idosos e com os discursos teóricos, uma combinação de sentidos que refletem a saúde bucal como parte integrante da saúde geral e, para tal, necessita de uma higiene constante e diária e que desta maneira tem como um sorriso bonito a imagem de sentir-se bem com a condição da boca após histórias de sofrimento vividas no passado. Considero, que as práticas discursivas presentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde permitiram articulações entre diversos saberes de pesquisadores, usuários e serviço de saúde para a construção de sentidos para a saúde bucal. Finalmente considero que esta é uma pesquisa que veio contribuir para construção e reconstrução de pensamentos teóricos, práticas e saberes sobre a saúde bucal em nível coletivo. / We, as human beings, are naturally, in every moment of our lives, coordinating our actions to live in society. These actions are guidelines to construct what we think and how we act toward different phenomena that we face in world. According to this fact, these coordinated actions happen and are built in our lives from discursive practices that develop conversational processes, that towards our day-by-day dialogs allow the constructional process of the meanings in our life. The meaning, that something has to us, is not something that already exists and just needs to be discovered, but it is something that is constructed as life goes by several social relationships, life contexts and histories. According to this fact, the meaning of the oral health for people is not something present and existing in determined group or society, but it is something constructed as time goes by and in our particularly life experiences. I proposed, with this research, an approach between several discourses aiming to construct meanings to oral health with the collaboration of elderly registered at the Family Health Center at Ribeirão Preto/SP. The collaboration of the elderly were fundamental to the construction of the oral health meanings, because the elderly are naturally people with a considerable number of experiences, histories and events associated to oral health. Beyond the participation of the elderly, the Primary Health Care concepts came to contribute, especially because the conversational spaces offered by the Family Care Strategy, to the development of the semi-structured interviews with 14 elder previously selected according to some inclusion criteria. The interviews were analyzed according to Discourse Analysis based on Interpretative Repertories. As a theoretical support, to the proposed approach and construction of some meanings to the oral health I present, as the analytical guideline, the Social Constructionism. Thus, I highlight that the Social Constructionism is a perspective to look to the world and construct knowledge, which fits the epistemological process, as something that people do together by their social and discourse practices reflected in their day-by-day lives. Therefore, this is a research with a qualitative methodological approach with a social construction stamp, realized by semi-structured interviews and data analysis performed by Discourse Analysis and Interpretative Repertories. I aimed to construct meanings to oral health articulating discourses brig with the elderly enrolled in a Family Health Nucleus at Ribeirão Preto/SP, and the discourses bring with the Primary Health Care concepts, allow then in a Social Construction perspective. To that, I aimed to identify and analyze the interpretive repertoires of the discourse of the elderly to propose a possible understanding of the relationship between aging of the oral cavity, the childhood with disabilities information about oral health, the Primary Health and certain care practices delivered to the oral cavity. Identifying such relationships, I built, together with the elderly and the theoretical discourses, a combination of meanings that reflected the oral health as part of general health, and for that needs a constant and daily hygiene, and in this way a beautiful smile reflected the image of feeling fine with the mouth condition, after experiencing suffer related with stories from the past. I consider that the discursive practices, present in the Primary Health Care, allowed connections between different knowledge of researchers, users and health service for the construction of meaning for oral health. Finally I believe that this is a research that can contribute to construction and reconstruction of theoretical thoughts, practices and knowledge on oral health at a community level.

O trabalho estudou queixas, cuidados, importância e satisfação com a saúde bucal em uma população de idosos cadastrados no Núcleo de Saúde da Família III na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Os idosos foram selecionados para participarem na pesquisa levando-se em conta a capacidade cognitiva (Mini Mental Examination), as atividades normais da vida cotidiana, bem como o consentimento em participar por livre vontade. Os participantes responderam um questionário, em suas residências, sobre saúde bucal elaborado especificamente para o presente estudo, em data previamente agendada pelo pesquisador. O questionário continha questões relacionadas à situação sócio-demográfica, cuidados com saúde bucal, situação protética, auto-avaliação sobre saúde bucal, bem como queixas referentes a este fato. Procurou-se desta forma, identificar o perfil da população estudada segundo levantamento das queixas mais prevalentes, situação em relação aos cuidados com dentes e/ou próteses, bem como a satisfação e o valor dado à saúde bucal. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico para observação de associações de variáveis através de Teste exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado, aceitando-se a associação quando o valor de p era menor ou igual a 0,05. A população adscrita, no referido núcleo no período de realização do presente estudo, era de 503 idosos dos quais foram entrevistados 261, e deste número, 90 idosos (34,5%) eram do sexo masculino e 171 (65,5%) do sexo feminino. A população possuía baixa escolaridade (60,2% com até 4 anos de estudo) e maior número de representantes com idade entre 60 a 69 anos (46,7%). A maioria dos idosos morava com familiares e os homens eram os responsáveis financeiros. Parte significativa dos entrevistados relatou ser desdentada total (48,7%) e este fato esteve associado à idade, escolaridade e convívio na mesma residência. Os indivíduos desdentados totais referiram sua saúde bucal como importante (45,2%) e boa (77,7%) sendo que, entre indivíduos satisfeitos com sua saúde bucal 53,6% eram desdentados totais, e tais variáveis estiveram associadas. Em relação aos cuidados, idosos mais jovens relataram maior número de escovações diárias dos dentes e/ou próteses. Quanto às queixas observou-se maior ocorrência de lesões/feridas na cavidade bucal, queixas referentes à articulação temporomandibular (ATM), mau hálito, boca seca e dificuldade para mastigar. Dentre estas queixas o mau hálito (p=0,015) e a dificuldade para mastigar (p=0,000) mostraram-se estatisticamente associadas à quantidade de dentes. A queixa referente à dificuldade para mastigar estava associada à mobilidade de próteses inferiores (p=0,001). Desta forma concluiu-se que os cuidados com a saúde bucal diminuíram com o avançar da idade, os idosos relataram sentir-se satisfeitos com suas condições de saúde bucal, classificando a mesma como importante, e ser desdentado total não significou necessariamente atribuir valores negativos a esta condição. A falta de dentes não foi referida como uma queixa porém apareceu associada à insatisfação com a saúde bucal. E finalmente concluiu-se que a dificuldade para mastigar esteve associada à idade e à mobilidade das próteses inferiores, sendo que na faixa etária mais avançada esta queixa foi mais freqüente. / The present survey was carried out to study complaints, care, value and satisfaction toward oral health in an aged population filled in the Family Heath Centre III at Ribeirão Preto. The elder were selected to participate in the study according to their cognitive status (Mini Mental Examination Test), normal life activities and their own acceptance to participate. The elder answered at their home, in a previous scheduled procedure, a questionnaire about oral health which was developed specific to the study purpose. The specific domiciliary questionnaire had questions about social demographical profile, oral health care, prosthetic condition, subjective self-reported oral health status and oral health complaints. It was identificated the population profile toward the most prevalent oral health complaints, teeth and prosthetic hygiene and care, satisfaction and self-reported oral health value. The data received statistical treatment to observe the association between variables according to the Fischer Exact and Chi square Tests, and the association was accepted when the p value was equal or lower than 0.05. The population, filled at the Family Health Centre III in the period of the study development, was 503 aged people with more than 60 years old, and 261 were interviewed, where 90 (34.5%) were male and 171 (65.5%) were female. In general the aged reported low education level (60.2%) and they were represented most frequently by the age between 60 to 69 years old (46.7%). The higher of the aged reported living with family and the men were responsible for the financial support of the family. Significant sample of the aged reported being edentate (48.7%) and this fact was correlated to the aged, educational level and living with the family. The edentate people reported that their oral health were important (45.2%) and good (77.7%), and the satisfied people (53.6%) were edentate and these variable were correlated. According to own oral health care, the younger subject reported a higher number of diary tooth brushing. It was reported a higher number of oral wounds, temporomandibular joint, fetid breath, dry mouth and masticator complaints. Among these complaints the fetid breath (p=0,015) and the masticator difficulty (p=0,000) were statistically correlated to inferior denture mobility (p=0,001). It was concluded that oral health care decrease as time goes by, the aged reported being satisfied with their oral health condition, and their oral health was self-classified as an important issue. The subject reported that being edentate do not mean that it is a negative profile. The tooth missing was not reported as complaint but it was statistically correlated with dissatisfaction toward own oral health. Finally it was concluded that masticator difficulty was statistically correlated to inferior dentures mobility being this complain higher reported in the older aged subject sample.