In order to develop effective interventions designed to encourage more middle-aged individuals to engage in regular exercise, there is a need to further understand the mechanisms involved in the decision to exercise. One appropriate conceptual framework involves future-oriented self-conceptions, or possible selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986). Possible selves, both hoped-for and feared, have been shown to vary over the lifespan in content and number (Cross & Markus, 1991), and to be predictive of future health behaviors (Hooker & Kaus, 1992,1994). The role of possible selves in the exercise context can be explored using the Stage of Change Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983), which identifies participation as a process consisting of five identifiable stages. The purpose of this study was to examine the number and content of possible selves generated by individuals across stages of exercise behavior, in order to determine whether possible selves can differentiate those stages and be predictive of exercise-related behavior. Participants were 204 middle-aged women employed at a university in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Results indicated that differences in the number and content of open-ended possible selves across stage of exercise were relatively few, although differences that did exist held potential for future interventions. Of particular interest was the significant finding of possible selves related to body image, which differed by stage for both hoped-for and feared selves. Responses to focused possible selves directly related to exercise behavior showed a number of differences between stage of exercise, providing support for previous literature as well as for the methodology employed in the present study. Individuals whose self-efficacy and outcome expectancy associated with a particular possible self related to exercise was high, were most likely to engage in exercise behavior. Finally, when the strongest predictor of exercise behavior was combined with exercise self-efficacy, the variance accounted for by the possible self was negligible. Findings support the conclusion that possible selves are worthy of future research in the exercise domain, including the role of possible selves as an antecedent to exercise self-efficacy. Results are discussed in terms of past research, practical applications, and future research directions. / Graduation date: 1998

Syftet med forskningsrapporten är att undersöka hur kvinnor över femtio år använder en universitetsutbildning i formandet av sin framtidsstrategi. För att besvara våra forskningsfrågor har vi genomfört både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Den kvantitativa undersökningen utgjordes av en postenkät som sändes till 30 kvinnor vid Linköpings universitet. Den kvalitativa metoden bestod av tre intervjuer med slumpmässigt utvalda respondenter från enkäten. Slutsatserna är baserade på våra resultat från enkäterna och intervjuerna samt den litteratur vi valt med anknytning till rapporten. Litteraturen berör bland annat begreppet livslångt lärande, som genom sin koppling till både arbete och utbildning fått en central roll i rapporten som helhet. Resultaten visar att önskan om utveckling, både gällande den yrkesmässiga kompetensen och på det personliga planet, har varit viktiga faktorer för beslutet att påbörja studier. Kvinnornas syn på mål och möjligheter handlar om att främja personlig utveckling, där nya utmaningar eller möjligheten till andra arbetssätt kan öka livskvaliteten. Ytterligare en slutsats som vi dragit är att man studerar på högskolan för att få möjlighet att stärka sin position på arbetsmarknaden. / The purpose of this research report is to examine how women, 50 years old or more, use their university education in establishing their future strategy. To answer our research question both quantitative and qualitative surveys were made. The qualitative method consisted of a questionnaire sent out to 30 women at Linköping university. The qualitative method consisted of three interviews with randomly selected women from the formerly mentioned group of responders. The conclusions are based upon the results from the questionnaries and the interviews, as well as the literature chosen for this research report. The literature deals with concepts such as lifelong learning. Being closely related to both work and education, lifelong learning became a key role for this study as a whole. The results show that the urge for development, both regarding professional competence and that of a personal level, has been an important factor in the process to start studying. The women´s views on the objectives and possibilities are about fostering personal growth, where new challenges or the alternative way of working can enchance life quality. Another conclusion is that by studying at the university the number of work options is increased. Thus the women strengthen their position in the labour market.

This ex post facto correlational study seeks to identify if a relationship between blood glucose values and vasomotor instability intensity exists. The population consisted of a convenience sample of seven type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women experiencing vasomotor instability living in Southern Alberta. This study hypothesizes that a significant negative correlation would be identified between these two variables based on research done by Dormire and Reame (2003). The correlational results suggest that a small to moderate significant positive relationship exists between blood glucose and vasomotor instability: increased vasomotor instability was associated with increased blood glucose values. Overall, this study suggests a relationship exists between blood glucose and vasomotor instability but causality or direction of this relationship cannot be determined. Further research studies are recommended to clarify and validate this research. In particular, such a study should include type 1 diabetic postmenopausal women, a larger sample size, and sampling a wider geographical area. / ix, 109 leaves ; 29 cm.

Depression is a major mental health problem for women. Several lines of evidence suggest that fluctuating levels of estrogen associated with various reproductive events are related to changes in mood. It has been hypothesized that estrogen may exert its influence on mood via its effect on the serotonergic system---a system frequently implicated in the regulation of mood. The major goal of the following study was to elucidate further the role of estrogen in mood regulation. To this end, we examined the role of estrogen in the mood-lowering effect of Acute Tryptohpan Deption (ATD), a technique designed to cause a marked lowering of plasma and brain tryptophan, and therefore brain serotonin levels, so that the effects of decreased serotonin on mood can be studied directly. We hypothesized that (1) exogenous estrogen may protect against the mood-lowering effects of ATD in postmenopausal women and that (2) a history of affective disturbance, particularly reproduction-related affective disturbance, would be associated with greater vulnerability to ATD as predicted by the kindling model of depression. Fifty-eight postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to treatment with estrogen (0.625 mg Premarin) or placebo in the context of prospective, double-blind, cross-over design. During the final two week sof the 12-week treatment phase, all participants completed one ATD test session and one nutritionally balanced amino acid control session. We found that: (1) treatment with exogenous estrogen significantly improved mood and menopausal symptoms as compared to placebo treatment, (2) ATD was associated with a significant lowering of mood in both groups, (3) treatment with estrogen did not protect women from ATD effects unless they responded to 11 weeks of treatment with exogenous estrogen with enhanced mood, and (4) a history of reproduction-related affective disturbance was associated with more dysphoric mood in response to ATD. In conclusion, these data provide further evi

Darbo tikslas – įvertinti vidutinio amžiaus moterų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius taikant šiaurietiškąjį ėjimą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti ir palyginti tiriamųjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius taikant įprastą ir šiaurietiškąjį ėjimą ramybėje prieš ir po fizinio krūvio. 2. Įvertinti ir palyginti tiriamųjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius, registruotus įprasto ir šiaurietiškojo ėjimo metu. 3. Įvertinti tiriamųjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius atsižvelgiant į šiaurietiškojo ėjimo patirtį, psichoemocinę būklę. Tyrimo metodika: tyrime dalyvavo 27 vidutinio amžiaus moterys. Kiekvienos tiramosios širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniai rodikliai buvo vertinami įpraso ir šiaurietiškojo ėjimo metu. Testavimo trukmė 40 minučių, iš kurių 5 minutes prieš ir po fizinio krūvio buvo ramiai sėdima, o 30 minučių buvo einama įprastu ar šiaurietišku ėjimu. Širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinės būklės vertinimui buvo naudojama LSMU Kardiologijos institute sukurta kompiuterinė elektrokardiogramos analizės sistema „Kaunas–Krūvis. Mobiliam duomenų registravimui ir kaupimui tiriamajai buvo uždedamas ir įjungiamas duomenų registravimo modulis „Cardio Scout“. Rezultatai ir išvados: 1. Nustatyta, kad tiek po įprasto, tiek po šiaurietiškojo ėjimo po penkių minučių ramybės sąlygomis fiksuotas arterinis kraujo spaudimas buvo mažesnis, o ST amplitudė didesnė lyginant su prieš krūvį stebėtomis reikšmėmis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the work: Evaluation of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in middle-aged women when applying nordic walking. Objectives of the work: 1. Evaluation and comparison of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in exploratory women when applying nordic and ordinary walking at rest, before and after physical load. 2. Evaluation and comparison of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in exploratory women registered during nordic and ordinary walking. 3. Evaluation of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in exploratory women taking into account their nordic walking experience and psychoemotional state. Methods: The cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters of each participant were evaluated by means of both nordic and ordinary walking. The evaluation lasted 40 minutes: participants sat 5 minutes before and after physical load and walked 30 minutes (nordic or ordinary walking). The data logging module “Cardio Scout” was applied to the collection and registration of data. For the evaluation of the cardiovascular system’s functional parameters the ECG registration and analysis system „Kaunas-load“ was used. Results and conclusion. 1. It was established that, after five minutes of ordinary and nordic walking,the arterial blood pressure mesured at rest was lower and the ST amplitude higher in comparison to the results obtained before physiocal load (p<0,05). After nordic walking, during recovery, the regulative system and the... [to full text]

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Bertolini de Paiva_resumo.pdf: 215536 bytes, checksum: e78422a57f70b192984eaedbce239df3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Contextualização: No processo de envelhecimento ocorrem alterações fisiológicas que alteram o equilíbrio e podem levar as quedas. Estas alterações podem ser vistas nas características biológicas, clínicas e biomecânicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o equilíbrio de idosas conforme as características biológicas, clínicas e biomecânicas. Método: 30 idosas, 16 sem histórico de quedas (SHQ) e 14 com histórico de quedas (CHQ) participaram deste estudo. Foram utilizadas a ficha de caracterização da amostra e FES_I para as biológicas, para as clínicas, o BESTest e para as biomecânicas os testes: postura bipodal (PBI), postura translação anterior (PTA), postura translação posterior (PTP) e postura semitandem (PST) associados aos olhos abertos (OA), olhos fechados (OF) e feedback visual (FV) no Neurocom Equitest®. O teste estatístico McNemar, tamanho de efeito Phi, Cramer s e frequência relativa foram realizados para as características biológicas. O teste ANOVA one way analysis of variance para o BESTest e para as características biomecânicas, os dados foram processados em rotina MATLAB e o teste ANOVA three way analysis of variance foi realizado. O cálculo de sensibilidade e especificidade foi realizado para a relação entre as avaliações clínicas e biomecânicas. Resultados: Houve diferença CHQ com diabetes (28,6%) e com deficiência visual (100%) em relação ao SHQ (6,3%) (p=0,01 e &#966;=0,4) e (93,8%) (p=0,0003 e &#966;=0,6) respectivamente. O SHQ relatou saúde excelente (6,3%), muito boa (37,5%), boa (56,3%), ruim (0%) e razoável (0%) em relação ao relato do CHQ (0%, 7,1%, 57,1%, 35,7% e 0%) respectivamente (p=0,002 e &#966;=0,28). A atividade de caminhando sobre superfícies irregulares do FES_I (p=0,02) mostrou diferença entre os grupos. Houve diferença na estabilidade da marcha do BESTest entre SHQ (92,38%) e CHQ (79,04%) (p=0,02). As biomecânicas mostraram que CHQ apresentou maior oscilação do equilíbrio na direção ML e AP do COP em relação ao SHQ (p<0,05). Com FV houve menor oscilação na direção ML e AP do COP em relação ao OA e OF (p<0,05). PTP e PTA apresentaram maior oscilação do COP na direção ML. A PST apresentou maior oscilação do COP na direção AP e a PBI apresentou menor oscilação nas duas direções do COP (p<0,05). A avaliação biomecânica teve fraca sensibilidade e alta especificidade e o BESTest apresentou moderada sensibilidade e fraca especificidade. Conclusão: Idosas caidoras tendem a apresentar maiores alterações do equilíbrio em relação a idosas não caidoras. Desta forma, compreender as características envolvidas no equilíbrio de idosos pode auxiliar na avaliação e na reabilitação fisioterapêutica na prevenção de quedas.

Orientador: Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares. / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T04:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano_AlethaSilva_D.pdf: 2182285 bytes, checksum: c98cbfee70be59532f606118ac84e5c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural e estudo da estrutura fatorial das escalas Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); Body Esteem Questionnaire (BES) e Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) entre mulheres brasileiras na meia-idade. Para a realização da tradução e adaptação cultural dos instrumentos, foi utilizado um guia internacional para tradução e adaptação transcultural de escalas. A análise estatística descritiva foi aplicada para os dados demográficos e clínicos, e a Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) foi realizada para o estudo da estrutura fatorial dos instrumentos para a população alvo da pesquisa. Participaram deste estudo 500 mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos de idade residindo na cidade de Campinas (Estado de São Paulo) e região. Após a realização do AFE foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: BSQ - 1 fator que foi chamado de "Atitudes, pensamentos e sentimentos em relação ao corpo"; BES - 4 fatores denominados: "Características físicas que podem ser alteradas com o exercício físico e alimentação"; "Características físicas que não podem ser alteradas com o exercício físico e alimentação"; "Condição física"; e "Sexualidade"; e BAS - 1 fator denominado: "Apreciação corporal". Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres na meia-idade, apresentam diferenças em alguns aspectos da imagem corporal em relação à população de mulheres mais jovens, uma vez que os estudos das estruturas fatoriais das três escalas estudadas revelaram diferentes soluções considerando somente mulheres na meia-idade. Conhecer essas particularidades representa um conhecimento essencial para o profissional que trabalha com o corpo para a realização de uma intervenção adequada e coerente e que vá ao encontro das necessidades e desejos dessas mulheres / Abstract: The aim of this study was to make the translation, cultural adaptation and verify the factorial structure of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); Body Esteem Scale (BES) and Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) among Brazilian middle-aged women. This study followed the steps from an international guide to translate and to make the cultural adaptation for scales. It was performed a descriptive statistical analysis was applied to the demographic and clinical data and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed in order to verify the factor structure of the scales to this specific population. Participants were 500 women between 40 and 60 years old from around Campinas (State of São Paulo). The results from EFA found 1 factor to BSQ that was called 'Attitudes, thoughts and feelings concerning to body image'; 4 factors to BES which were called 'characteristics which are modifiable from exercising and eating'; 'Physical characteristics which are not modifiable by the exercise and eating'; Physical Condition' and 'Sexuality' and finally 1 factor to BAS that was called 'Body Appreciation'. The results of this study have showed that middle aged women present a different perception of body image in relation to younger population, once studies of the factorial structures for those three scales revealed different solutions considering only women in middle age. Knowing about body image perception among middle-aged women is essential for the professional who works with the body to conduct an adequate and successful intervention that meets the needs and desires of these women / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tatiana_socorro.pdf: 1144345 bytes, checksum: 7345aa840c569d2fc9e9f4e8c56f3ed6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-27 / It is known that the number of old people is growing nowadays and, especially, that of old women due to the fact that life expectancy is higher among females. The 08 women that took part in this study are between 74 and 93 years old, belong to middle and upper class and live in a residential home for the elderly, placed in the Brazilian city of Recife. The aim of this work is to investigate the roles played by these women in the family life cycle. It has been possible thanks to the individual interviews that were recorded and transcribed in order to classify them according to the subjects first and then according to the categories of analysis, based on the Thematic Analysis. Collected data point out that these old women adjusted themselves to the standards of the twentieth century society. They were responsible for the housework and well-being of their children and husbands and gave up professional life when got married or had children. They adopted a subordinated behaviour and their husbands played the role of suppliers, that is, they followed the traditional family model. Nevertheless, two old women did not achieve the standards dictated by the social circumstances of that time. This fact points out the first steps forward the social evolution of women. The eight participants think that in the past old people were appreciated by their families and respected by society, despite the few laws existing to protect them. Today, they say the treatment given to them by social and family circles has not changed. However, they consider their family relationships to be satisfactory. It is important to say that the whole group of old women participating on this work played the roles of mother and grandmother and, some of them, great-grandmother. It must be highlighted the importance of these women in their families through the roles played during the life cycle, taking care and educating their relatives or giving affective and financial support. This work is expected to contribute to the increase of researches about the roles played by women during their lives and to contribute to the current bibliography about this subject. Finally, it is expected that this work make people reflect on old age so as to subsidize projects to improve the quality of life of old women / Sabe-se que é crescente a quantidade de pessoas idosas, na sociedade atual e, especialmente, de mulheres idosas, dado que a expectativa de vida é mais alta no sexo feminino. Participaram deste estudo 08 mulheres idosas, na faixa etária entre 74 e 93 anos, de padrão sócio-econômico médio ou alto, que residem em um lar para essa população, situado na cidade de Recife. Objetivou-se investigar os papéis que a mulher idosa vivenciou ao longo do ciclo vital da família. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais, que foram gravadas e transcritas, sendo as respostas categorizadas por temas afins e, em seguida, construiram-se categorias de análise, baseando-se na Análise Temática. Os dados apontam que as idosas moldaram-se aos padrões estabelecidos pela sociedade do século XX, já que eram responsáveis pelos afazeres domésticos, bem-estar dos filhos e do esposo; abandonavam a vida profissional quando se casavam ou chegavam os filhos; adotavam um comportamento de subordinação, e seus maridos assumiam o papel de provedores, enfim, seguiam o modelo da família tradicional. Porém, duas idosas infringiram esses comportamentos ditados pela conjuntura social da época, o que mostra o estabelecimento de diferenças e indica os primórdios da evolução social da mulher. As participantes percebem que os idosos antigamente eram valorizados pela família e respeitados pela sociedade, apesar da escassez de leis que os protegessem. Hoje, elas afirmam que o tratamento dispensado pelo meio social e familiar permanece igual; também, perceberam seu relacionamento familiar como satisfatório. Salienta-se que todas as idosas assumiram os papéis de mãe, avó e, algumas, o de bisavó. Constata-se a importância dessas idosas na família, através desses papéis exercidos durante o Ciclo Vital, seja como cuidadoras e educadoras, seja como suporte afetivo e financeiro. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para o incremento de pesquisas acerca dos papéis vivenciados pela mulher, colabore com a bibliografia atual sobre o tema e proporcione uma reflexão sobre a velhice com o intuito de subsidiar projetos de melhoria da qualidade de vida para a mulher idosa