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Direct and indirect aggression : a comparison of four cultural groups in South AfricaMoller, Norma Katherine 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die huidige studie was om kruis-kulturele verskille ten
opsigte van direkte en indirekte aggressie tussen Xhosa, Zulu, Kleurling en
Blanke Suid-Afrikaanse studente te bestudeer. 'n Totaal van 832 studente het die
Richardson Conflict Response Questionnaire (RCRQ), 'n vraelys wat direkte en
indirekte aggressie meet, voltooi. Die Kleurling-deelnemers het beduidend-hoër
vlakke van direkte aggressie gerapporteer as enige van die ander groepe. Die
Zulu-deelnemers het beduidend-hoër vlakke van indirekte aggressie as beide die
Xhosa- of Kleurling-deelnemers gerapporteer. Geen beduidende geslagsverskille
kon vasgestel word nie. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat kultuur 'n groter
bepaler van verskille ten opsigte van aggressiewe gedrag was as geslag van die
deelnemers. Daar word vertrou dat die resultate van die huidige studie 'n bydra
sal maak tot die effektiewe bestuur van aggressie in Suid-Afrika, asook tot die
bevordering van internasionale begrip vir die kulturele diversiteit van die land. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The primary aim of the present study was to examine cross-cultural differences in
direct and indirect aggression between Xhosa, Zulu, Coloured and White South
African students. A total of 832 students completed the Richardson Conflict
Response Questionnaire (RCRQ), a measure of direct and indirect aggression.
The Coloured participants reported using significantly higher levels of direct
aggression than any of the other cultural groups involved. The Zulu participants
reported using significantly more indirect aggression than their Xhosa or
Coloured counterparts. No significant gender differences could be established. It
was concluded that culture was more predictive of differences in aggressive
behaviour than was sex of the participants. It is hoped that these results may
contribute towards the effective management of aggression in South Africa and
assist in promoting international understanding of the cultural diversity in this
country.
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Cultural influences on attitudes toward aggression : a comparison between Spanish, Japanese and South African studentsBeirowski, Karin January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of the present study was to examine whether the culture of a society influences
the way in which people justify certain aggressive behaviours in certain situations. A total of 756
students from Spain, Japan and South Africa participated in completing the CAMA, a measure of
justification of aggression. The results showed that there were significant differences within the
countries. There were differences in the levels of acceptance of certain acts between these
countries. Further fmdings also indicated that there was a difference between the males of the
countries and between the females of these countries. It was found that cultural influences and
the norms within these countries bring about differences in justification of aggression in different
situations. There were also some general trends of acceptance, with direct and indirect verbal
acts e.g. sarcasm, hindering and shouting being more acceptable than physical acts such as
hitting, killing and torture. It is hoped that the present findings of this research will make
members of society more aware of their responsibility to help reduce aggressive acts by teaching
and reinforcing norms against it. It is also hoped that the international community will gain better
insight into the fact that South-Africa faces unique challenges because of the political and social
changes in the country. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die huidige studie was om vas te stelof 'n samelewing se kultuur 'n rol
speel by die regverdiging van sekere aggressiewe gedrag in bepaalde omstandighede. 'n Totaal
van 756 studente van Spanje, Japan en Suid Afrika het die CAMA vraelys voltooi. Die vraelys
meet die regverdiging van aggressie in sekere omstandighede. Betekenisvolle verskille is tussen
die lande gevind. Daar is ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die mans van die drie lande asook
tussen die vrouens van die drie lande gevind. Daar is gevind dat kulturele verskille en die norme
binne 'n samelewing meebring dat daar verskille is in die mate waarin samelewings sekere
aggressiewe gedrag aanvaarbaar vind in sekere situasies. Daar was ook 'n groter algemene
aanvaarbaarheid van verbale aggressie bv. sarkasme, verhindering en skreeu as fisiese aggressie
soos slaan, om dood te maak en marteling. Hopelik maak hierdie navorsing mense meer bewus
van elkeen in die samelewing se verantwoordelikheid om die norme teen geweld te versterk
asook om die norme aan hulle nageslagte oor te dra. Verder sal die internasionale gemeenskap
hopelik beter insig kry oor die unieke uitdagings wat Suid-Afrika bied as gevolg van die
politieke en sosiale veranderinge in die land.
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Cultural and sex differences in aggression : a comparison between Spanish, Japanese and South African studentsGraetz, Lynda Janette 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)- University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of the study was to investigate cultural and sex differences on different
dimensions of aggression as measured by the Expagg Questionnaire (Expagg) and the
Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Both inventories were administered to a sample (N=910)
of students from Spain, Japan and South Africa. The results indicated that culture is indeed
more predictive of aggression than sex. As expected, the study also revealed that it's
influence is not uniform on all the dimensions of aggression investigated. The South
African sample revealed the only significant sex difference on the Expagg. The males
showed more distinct instrumental representations of aggression than the females, where
aggression is seen as a means to reach a desired goal and thus as an effort to gain
control. Inter-culturally the main finding was that the South African males and females held
predominantly more expressive representations of aggression compared with the other
cultures. This indicates that aggression is viewed as an expression of negative feelings
and thus as a loss of control. On the Aggression Questionnaire only the South African and
Spanish males reported more physical aggression than the females. Cross-culturally the
most distinct finding was the overall lower levels of self-reported aggression of the South
African females. A discussion of these significant results addressed social, cultural and
political factors which may account for the differences. The study provided the prospect of
an enhanced cross-cultural understanding of aggression. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die studie was om kulturele en geslagsverskille te bepaal ten opsigte
van verskillende dimensies van aggressie soos gemeet deur die Expagg Questionnaire
(Expagg) en die Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Die vraelyste is op 'n groep (N=910)
studente van Spanje, Japan en Suid Afrika toegepas. Die resultate het getoon dat kultuur
inderdaad 'n beter voorspeller van aggressie is as geslag. Die resultate het, soos verwag,
aangedui dat die invloed van kultuur nie eenvormig inwerk op alle dimensies van aggressie
nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse groep het die enigste beduidende geslagsverskille getoon op die
Expagg. Die mans se laer Espagg-tellings dui op instrumentele oortuigings ten opsigte van
aggressie~ Aggressie word dus beskou as 'n poging om 'n verlangde doelwit te bereik en
word ervaar as 'n poging om kontrole te verkry. Die vernaamste kruis-kulturele bevinding
was dat die Suid-Afrikaanse groep beduidend hoër tellings as die ander kulture op die
Expagg behaal het. Dit dui op ekspressiewe oortuigings ten opsigte van aggressie waar
aggressie beskou word as die uitdrukking van negatiewe gevoelens en as 'n verlies van
kontrole. Die Suid-Afrikaanse en Spaanse mans het hoër vlakke van fisiese aggressie as
die vrouens op die Aggression Questionnaire behaal. Die mees uitstaande bevinding by
die kruis-kulturele vergelyking was die algehele laer vlakke van selfgerapporteerde
aggressie by die Suid-Afrikaanse vrouens. Die beduidende resultate is aan hand van
sosiale, kulturele en politieke faktore bespreek. Die studie het In bydrae gelewer tot In beter
kruis-kulturele begrip van aggressie.
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