Businesses in Swaziland have been somewhat cushioned against the impact of world trade liberation and least as far as home and regional markets are concerned (Ministry of Enterprise and Employment, 2005: 18). The country's position with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) affords temporary protection against the competition felt by economies elsewhere in Africa. Furthermore, with limited domestic markets, export-oriented industries are the backbone of Swaziland's economy (Thompson, 2010:19). Trade vibrancy caused by globalisation, health standards requirements and other factors has started affecting export industries. It is therefore, important that the businesses in Swaziland prepare for more intense competition in the future. This could be achieved through improved management and improved productivity which would then enhance competitiveness. The decrease of foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector, the removal of trade preferences among top export industries (sugar, textile), decrease in demand for export products (as a result of economic downturn), indicates that there is a problem of competitiveness in the Swaziland agribusiness sector. Therefore, the objectives of the study are; to determine the constraining and enhancing factors of competitiveness of the agribusiness sector of Swaziland and to develop the strategies to improve competitiveness of the sector. A structured questionnaire adapted from the Agricultural Business Chambers (ABC) of South Africa was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews. Porter's (1998) theory for the determinant of competitive advantage was used as a base in designing the questionnaire in order to capture the constraining and enhancing factors influencing competitive advantage. The target group comprised decisionmakers (chief executive, managing directors) for agribusiness firms, including in the following industries: dairy, sugar, animal feed, maize, livestock and poultry, textile. The data was analysed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) and was presented in tableau and figure format. The scale of classification used when analysing the determinants of competitiveness was; a mean score of 1 meant constraining competitiveness success; a mean score of 3 meant moderate effect and a mean score of 5 meant enhancing competitiveness success. Most of the determinants [factor (2.72), demand (2.64), related and supporting industries (2.29), chance (2.46) and government conditions (2.48)] were constraining competitiveness. The top three factors contributing to this are: unavailability of professional labour (1.63), costs of inputs and supplies (1.69), incompetent (1.69) and ineffective public sector personnel (1.88) and small local market size (1.88). The only determinant that has the ability to enhance competitiveness is the firm's strategy, structure and rivalry conditions, as indicated by a moderate mean score of 3.38. The top three factors enhancing competitiveness success of the agribusiness sector are; production of high quality affordable products (4.19), availability of water for production and processing purposes (4.00), and the cost of unskilled or semiskilled labour (3.94). The Porter analysis indicated that the competitive environment in which the sector operates in is unfavourable and does not enhance competitiveness. An analysis of the interviewed industries revealed that the overall performance of each industry, particularly the sugar, dairy and maize industries are moderately competitive compared to the other ones. This is supported by the finding that these industries have three determinants of comparative advantage enhancing competitiveness. Special attention, through implementation of strategies to enhance the competitiveness of the agribusiness sector is necessary. This could be achieved though collaboration and intervention by all participants in the sector. The strategies are explained in terms of roles that could be played by the agribusinesses and the government. Strategies involve; industry coordination to minimise costs, market orientation strategy, HIV/AIDS services at company level, encouraging sustainable investments, products diversification and promoting internship and graduate training programmes. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio de Almeida.pdf: 1348472 bytes, checksum: b377c0e57f793649150c8b6305fdb1ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-09 / The present work dealt with the influence of the collaborative planning on the performance of the companies of the food sector. For in such a way, a research was developed, involving two stages. The first stage was constituted of a research of exploratory nature, in a composed sample of seven companies, being that the data had been collected by means of interview in depth and treated by the content analysis. The results had evidenced the presence of the traditional components of the "4 Ps" marketing strategies and of the variable related to Resource Based View (RBV) as sources of competitive advantages. Of ownership of these results, increased of the variable of the model of Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), it was broken for one second stage of research, of descriptive nature. It was used, for in such a way, a sample of 31 companies, chosen for convenience. The data had been collected by means of questionnaire, half-structuralized, consisting of open and closed questions, having as base the components or variable, identified in the first stage, as being those that the customers more valued. The components, divided in attributes, had been treated by the statistical methods, as it follows: descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis and (χ2). The results had evidenced that in the application of: a) the descriptive statistics, it had positive trend to infer itself that the collaborative planning influenced the performance of the searched companies; b) multivariate analysis, had possibility to identify two distinct groups, e; c) (χ2), was not possible to detect causal relation between collaborative planning and the others variables of results. Although the (χ2) has not shown robust evidences how much to the influence of the collaborative planning in the searched companies, the multivariate analysis indicated that the relation between collaborative planning and performance exists, despite the limitation of the size of the searched sample, confirming the hypothesis proposal. Finally, it is suggested, for continuation of the research, the magnifying of the sample of the companies in groups (industry/distributor/retail) of form to make possible the analysis for activity and to extend the sample of companies who are not of the food sector, in order to make possible comparisons. / O presente trabalho tratou da influência do planejamento colaborativo sobre o desempenho das empresas do setor de alimentos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa envolvendo duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi constituída de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, em uma amostra composta de sete empresas, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista em profundidade e tratados pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença dos componentes tradicionais das estratégias de marketing "4 Ps" e das variáveis relacionados ao Resource Based View (RBV) como fontes de vantagens competitivas. De posse desses resultados, acrescidos das variáveis oriundas do modelo do Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), partiu-se para uma segunda etapa de pesquisa, de natureza descritiva. Utilizou-se, para tanto, uma amostra de 31 empresas, escolhida por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, semiestruturado, constituído de questões abertas e fechadas, tendo como base os componentes ou variáveis, identificados na primeira etapa, como sendo aqueles que os clientes mais valorizavam. Os componentes, desmembrados em atributos, foram tratados pelos métodos estatísticos, conforme segue: estatística descritiva, análise discriminante e Chi-Quadrado (χ2). Os resultados evidenciaram que na aplicação da: a) estatística descritiva, houve tendência positiva para se inferir que o planejamento colaborativo influenciou o desempenho das empresas pesquisadas; b) análise discriminante, houve possibilidade de identificar dois grupos distintos, e; c) Chi-Quadrado (χ2), não foi possível detectar nenhuma relação causal entre planejamento colaborativo e as demais variáveis de resultados. Embora o teste Chi-Quadrado (χ2) não tenha mostrado evidências robustas quanto à influência do planejamento colaborativo nas empresas pesquisadas, a análise discriminante indicou que a relação entre planejamento colaborativo e desempenho existe, apesar da limitação do tamanho da amostra pesquisada, confirmando a hipótese proposta. Por fim, sugere-se, para prosseguimento da pesquisa, a ampliação da amostra das empresas em grupos (indústria/atacado/varejo) de forma a possibilitar a análise por atividade e ampliar a amostra de empresas que não sejam do setor de alimentos, a fim de possibilitar comparações.

El presente trabajo busca determinar la relación entre la Cultura Organizacional y el Desempeño Laboral de los trabajadores de las empresas del sector agroindustrial azucarero en Perú, en el año 2020. El estudio de ambas variables en el sector azucarero es de suma importancia, dado que presenta una alta rotación y ello se evidencia en las estadísticas de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) del año 2019, el cual obtuvo el 24,2%, siendo el más alto a comparación de otros sectores. Asimismo, el estudio permite evidenciar la relación que existe entre ambas variables y el impacto que puede llegar a generar sobre los colaboradores. Por último, las empresas elegidas son aquellas que mayor relevancia han presentado en el sector en base a su participación del total producido y ventas del año 2020. Para esta investigación se consideraron a los colaboradores del sector agroindustrial azucarero como enfoque principal, puesto que no existe suficiente información en el Perú que demuestran la importancia de La Cultura Organizacional y el Desempeño Laboral sobre este público objetivo. Por ende, para demostrar ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, con alcance correlacional y diseño No experimental y transversal, tomando como muestra 366 colaboradores de las cuatro empresas más relevantes del sector agroindustrial azucarero en Perú. Los resultados de la investigación comprobaron que existe una relación entre ambas variables. Estos resultados son de gran relevancia para el sector agroindustrial azucarero, dado que las empresas no le dan la debida importancia que merecen a su personal, sobre todo los trabajadores. / The following study to determine the relationship between organizational culture and labor performance of workers in companies of the agroindustrial sugar sector in Perú in 2020. The study of both variables in the sugar sector is of utmost importance, given that it presents a high turnover and this is evidenced in the Economically Active Population (EAP) for the year 2019, which obtained 24.2%, being the highest compared to other sectors. Likewise, the study allows evidencing the relationship that exists between both variables and the impact that can be generated on the collaborators. Finally, the companies chosen are those that have shown the greatest relevance in the sector based on their share of total production and sale in 2020. For this research, the collaborators of the sugar agroindustrial sector were considered as the main focus, since there is not enough information in Peru to demonstrate the importance of Organizational Culture and Labor Performance on this target public. Therefore, to demonstrate this, a quantitative study was carried out, with a correlational scope and a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, taking as a sample 366 collaborators from the four most relevant companies in the sugar agro-industrial sector in Perú. The results of the research proved that there is a relationship between both variables. These results are of great relevance for the agro-industrial sugar sector, given that the companies do not give due importance to their personnel, especially the workers. / Tesis

La presente investigación titulada “Factores motivacionales extrínsecos e intrínsecos y su relación con la satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de las empresas agroindustriales de la provincia de Virú en el contexto covid-19, año 2020” tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación de los factores motivacionales extrínsecos e intrínsecos con la satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de las empresas agroindustriales de la provincia de Virú en el contexto covid-19, año 2020. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, es no experimenta-transeccional y es correlacional pues busca conocer la relación de las variables de estudio. Asimismo, la muestra de análisis es de 383 colaboradores de una población de 68,802 colaboradores y el instrumento utilizado fue la encuesta. Además, se obtuvo como resultado una confiabilidad Alpha de Cronbach de 0.994, lo que significa que la relación entre las variables estudiadas es muy elevada. Sumado a ello los resultados de la correlación de Spearman muestran una correlación de 0.984, lo cual representa una correlación positiva perfecta entre las variables. Finalmente, la investigación concluye que los factores motivacionales se relacionan positivamente con la satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de las empresas agroindustriales de la provincia de Virú en el contexto covid-19, año 2020. Por tanto, la satisfacción laboral varia en relación directa a medida que los factores motivacionales están o no presentes. / The present research entitled "Extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors and their relationship with job satisfaction of employees of agroindustry companies in the province of Viru in the context of covid-19, year 2020" has as its main objective to determine the relationship of extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors with job satisfaction of employees of agroindustry companies in the province of Viru in the context of covid-19, year 2020. This research has a quantitative approach, it is non-experimental-trans-sectional and correlational because it seeks to know the relationship of the study variables. Likewise, the analysis sample is 383 employees out of a population of 68,802 employees and the instrument used was the survey. In addition, a Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.994 was obtained, which means that the relationship between the variables studied is very high. In addition, the results of Spearman's correlation show a correlation of 0.984, which represents a perfect positive correlation between the variables. Finally, the research concludes that the motivational factors are positively related to the job satisfaction of the collaborators of the agroindustry companies in the province of Viru in the context of covid-19, year 2020. Therefore, job satisfaction varies in direct relation to the extent to which motivational factors are present or not. / Tesis