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This diploma thesis is devoted to the problematics of pollution of the environment by greenhouse gases and load gases from agricultural livestock production. The diploma thesis is focused on measurement and determination of concentration of emissions of gases of ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in a selected operation with dairy cattle breeding. Own measurements for this diploma thesis went on place in the stable on the family farm Mr. Michal Horák based in Žíšov not far Veselí nad Lužnicí. For the detection of concentrations of emission gases have been used a special device BAT center of the South Bohemian University in České Budějovice.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 borges_p_me_rcla.pdf: 1096088 bytes, checksum: a64118a5c58fc4dc94b137bc5520e3ea (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A problemática ambiental da erosão dos solos tem se intensificado nos dias atuais, sendo alvo de vários estudos e pesquisas que visam buscar soluções frente a problemática do esgotamento dos solos, principalmente àqueles submetidos às praticas agrícolas. A bacia hidrográfica do Alam Grei é uma destas áreas que vêm sofrendo com o desencadeamento dos processos erosivos em toda a sua extensão, na qual se constata que a alteração antrópica, principalmente com a retirada da mata original para o uso de pastagens, plantação de cana-de-açúcar e áreas construídas, vem acarretando a formação de feições geomorfológicas que indicam tais processos em seus vários estágios de evolução. Desta forma, a pesquisa proposta tem por objetivo avaliar historicamente o comportamento dos processos erosivos na bacia do Ribeirão Alam Grei por meio da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo nos anos de 1972, 1995 e 2008, visando assim, oferecer informações que contribuam para o planejamento ambiental da bacia para que as ações nela desenvolvidas venham ser compatíveis com a capacidade de suporte do meio físico da área. / Nowadays the environmental problem of soil erosion has gotten bigger and has been a target of several studies and researches that aim to look for solutions to the problem of the soil exhaustion, mainly those ones submitted to agricultural practice. Alam Grei’s hydrographic basin is one of these areas that are suffering with erosive processes in all its extension where it is possible to verify that the anthropic alteration, mainly because of the removal of the original forest for pasture, sugarcane plantation and built areas, has been causing the formation of geomorphologic features which indicate such processes in their several evolution stages. So, the proposed research aims to historically evaluate the behavior of the erosive processes in the basin of Alam Grei streamlet through the Universal Soil Loss Equation in 1972, 1995 and 2008, seeking to offer information to contribute to the environmental planning of the basin so that the actions developed there come to be compatible with the support capacity of the area physical environment.

Orientador: Cenira Maria Lupinacci da Cunha / Banca: Regina Célia de Oliveira / Banca: Antonio Carlos Tavares / Acompanha 14 mapas anexos / Resumo: A problemática ambiental da erosão dos solos tem se intensificado nos dias atuais, sendo alvo de vários estudos e pesquisas que visam buscar soluções frente a problemática do esgotamento dos solos, principalmente àqueles submetidos às praticas agrícolas. A bacia hidrográfica do Alam Grei é uma destas áreas que vêm sofrendo com o desencadeamento dos processos erosivos em toda a sua extensão, na qual se constata que a alteração antrópica, principalmente com a retirada da mata original para o uso de pastagens, plantação de cana-de-açúcar e áreas construídas, vem acarretando a formação de feições geomorfológicas que indicam tais processos em seus vários estágios de evolução. Desta forma, a pesquisa proposta tem por objetivo avaliar historicamente o comportamento dos processos erosivos na bacia do Ribeirão Alam Grei por meio da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo nos anos de 1972, 1995 e 2008, visando assim, oferecer informações que contribuam para o planejamento ambiental da bacia para que as ações nela desenvolvidas venham ser compatíveis com a capacidade de suporte do meio físico da área. / Abstract: Nowadays the environmental problem of soil erosion has gotten bigger and has been a target of several studies and researches that aim to look for solutions to the problem of the soil exhaustion, mainly those ones submitted to agricultural practice. Alam Grei's hydrographic basin is one of these areas that are suffering with erosive processes in all its extension where it is possible to verify that the anthropic alteration, mainly because of the removal of the original forest for pasture, sugarcane plantation and built areas, has been causing the formation of geomorphologic features which indicate such processes in their several evolution stages. So, the proposed research aims to historically evaluate the behavior of the erosive processes in the basin of Alam Grei streamlet through the Universal Soil Loss Equation in 1972, 1995 and 2008, seeking to offer information to contribute to the environmental planning of the basin so that the actions developed there come to be compatible with the support capacity of the area physical environment. / Mestre

Des outils d’évaluation pertinents sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’impact des pratiques agricoles sur les fonctions assurées par la biodiversité de l’échelle de la parcelle à l’échelle du territoire. L’objectif et l’innovation du présent travail a été d’explorer une nouvelle méthode de création d’un outil d’évaluation des fonctions de la biodiversité. Nous avons choisi comme méthode d’évaluation les indicateurs agri-environnementaux, qui permettent d’évaluer l’impact des pratiques agricoles sur les compartiments de l’environnement (eau, sol, air, faune et flore) et aident à la prise de décisions. Nous proposons donc une architecture générale d’un indicateur de biodiversité fonctionnelle et le détail d’un indicateur de fonction agronomique d’importance: la résistance aux stress biotiques. Au sein de cet indicateur se trouve un sous-indicateur : le « rôle des auxiliaires terrestre ». Les carabes seront utilisés comme auxiliaire modèle pour la construction de ce sous-indicateur. Deux méthodes de construction d’indicateurs sont comparées: une méthode à dire d’expert et une méthode par fouille de données, cette deuxième méthode représentant une innovation de la thèse. Les résultats de ces méthodes sont ensuite comparés à des mesures de terrain conduit sur le territoire de Vittel. Les mesures de terrain ont concerné le suivi des populations de carabes, et l’organisation du territoire agricole. Un traitement par un système d’information géographique a permis la validation des indicateurs obtenus / Relevant tools for assessment are necessary to evaluate the impact of agricultural pratices on the functions provided by biodiversity at the plot scale to the landscape scale. The goal and the innovation of this work has been to explore a new method of creation of an assessment tool of the biodiversity functions. We have chosen like assessment method the agri-environmental indicators, which make it possible to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on environment compartments (water, soil, air, fauna and flora) and help to decision-making. We thus propose a general architecture of an indicator of functional biodiversity and the detail of an agronomic function indicator of importance: resistance to the biotic stresses. Within this indicator, an under-indicator is: the « role of the terrestrial auxiliaries ». Carabids will be used as model auxiliary for the construction of this under-indicator. Two building methods of indicators are compared: a method with expert saying and a method with data mining, this second method representing an innovation of the thesis. The results of these methods are then compared with field datas leads on the Vittel territory. Field datas related to the follow-up of the carabid populations and the organization of the agricultural landscape. A treatment by a geographical information system allowed the validation of the indicators obtained