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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Oxidation of organic matter by microorganisms in the soil.

Chase, Francis Edward. January 1951 (has links)
The author claims to have conducted an original investigation into the following aspects of soil fertility: 1. A direct relationship between microbial numbers and CO2 evolution in two soils; one a mineral soil and the other a muck soil. [...]
202

The metabolism of coumarin and o-coumaric acid by soil fungi.

Shieh, Hang-shan. January 1963 (has links)
Moulds belonging to the Fusarium genus were isolated that are able to utilize coumarin as the sole carbon source in a medium containing inorganic nitrogen and various salts. Factors affecting the growth of the cultures and the rate of coumarin degradation were studied. [...]
203

Acidification Kinetics of Turnip and Radish by Critic and Acetic Acids

Saqib, Sibtain January 2009 (has links)
Acidification of low acid vegetables reduces their pH level to below 4.5 thereby facilitating their processing below 100 degrees Celsius, thus reducing thermal damage, and yielding better product quality. We sought to determine the acidification kinetics of turnip and radish in acetic or citric acid solutions, specifically the time for the treated tissue to reach pH 4.5, and the concurrent percent acidity of the tissue. The two vegetables' response to acidification with citric acid were compared. Experiments followed a central composite rotatable design, with three process variables (temperature, acid concentration and sample: solution ratio), each at five levels. All process variables showed significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on both time to pH 4.5 and concurrent tissue acidity. Higher acid concentration, temperature or solution: sample ratio resulted in a shorter response time, and higher sample acidity. Optimum processing conditions (shortest time to reach pH 4.5) and the corresponding acidity were determined using a response surface methodology. This acidification process was successfully completed in practice. / L'acidification de légumes hypoacides réduit leur pH en dessous de 4.5, facilitant ainsi leur transformation à des températures n'excédant pas 100degrees celsius, réduisant les dommages thermiques, et donnant un produit de plus grande qualité. Nous avons étudié la cinétique d'acidification avec acide acétique ou acide citrique de morceaux de navet ou de radis, en particulier le temps requis pour que les tissues atteignent un pH de 4.5, ainsi que le pourcentage d'acidité à ce moment. La réponse des deux légumes à une acidification par acide citrique fut comparée. Les expériences suivirent un plan central composé rotatif avec trois variables de transformation (température, teneur en acide, et rapport échantillon:solution), chacun à cinq niveaux. Toutes les variables de transformation eurent un effet significatif (P ≤ 0.05) sur le temps pour atteindre un pH de 4.5, ainsi que l'acidité des tissus à ce moment. Une concentration en acide, température, ou rapport échantillon:solution plus élevé donna un temps de réponse plus court, et une acidité du tissus plus élevé. Les conditions de transformation idéales (temps le plus court pour atteindre pH = 4.5) et l'acidité correspondante des tissus, furent déterminés grâce à une méthode de surface de réponse. Cette transformation par acidification fût mise en pratique.
204

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THAILAND'S RICE TRADE

MEENAPHANT, SORRAYUTH January 1981 (has links)
This study is an analysis of Thailand's rice export sector with reference to three major issues: government trade policy, trade performance, and the structure of trade preferences. In analyzing the rice trade policy, particularly the rice premium, both theoretical and empirical analyses were undertaken in order to measure and evaluate the policy's effects on exports and domestic prices. A dynamic simultaneous equation econometric model for Thailand's rice economy was formulated and estimated for the period from 1959 to 1976. The study then measured the relative competitiveness of Thai rice exports in the world markets during the period from 1952 to 1976 by quantitatively decomposing the export growth into the four separate components of market, growth, competitiveness, and interaction effects. And, finally, to detemine the trade preference structure of major rice exporters and importers, a probablistic trade flow model was employed. The theoretical findings of this study indicated that the government trade policy reduced rice export volumes and lowered domestic rice prices below the no intervention equilibrium levels. Concerning the effectiveness of the rice premium policy in stabilizing domestic rice prices, the analytical results suggested that the policy would be relatively effective only if the export demand for Thai rice was highly elastic with respect to the export price. Since this price elasticity was estimated to be only 1.07, the premium policy was not very effective in insulating the domestic rice market from external price fluctuations. In terms of dynamic multipliers, the study showed that an increase in the export premium of one unit (one baht per metric ton) would result in a rise in the export price of about 3.7 cents and a fall in the export volumes of about 155 metric tons. The analysis also indicated that for any one thousand metric ton increase in U.S. concessional rice sales, the export price of Thai rice would fall by 9 cents per metric ton. In both cases, the effect on paddy production was insignificant in the short-run due to a time lag in the farmer's production response. To examine some premium policy alternatives, two policy simulation experiments (a no export premium experiment and a no premium increase experiment) were performed. The results of both experiments suggested that while farmers would benefit from high paddy prices in early years, they might suffer from lower prices in some future years because of the accumulated production expansion effect. For the second issue, the study found that the major causes of the serious decline in Thailand's rice exports over the period from 1952 to 1976 were the following: (1)the heavy concentration of these exports in slow growth or declining markets, and (2)the inability of these exports to penetrate the high growth markets in order to compensate for the market losses in the stagnant markets. This was confirmed by the trade preference structure that was extracted from a probabilistic model of rice trade flows, which showed that Thai rice received high preference in the slow growth Far East markets.
205

THE COST STRUCTURE OF THE KENYA COFFEE INDUSTRY

WATERS, ALAN RUFUS January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
206

Evaluation of the soil moisture sensors for irrigation scheduling of strawberries

Ali, Sajjad January 2009 (has links)
Horticultural producers are in need of efficient and timely techniques for determining crop water requirements. The question of when and how much to irrigate, termed irrigation scheduling, is particularly important for high-value crops such as strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). During the growing season, irrigation scheduling decisions are influenced by climatic variables such as rainfall, temperature and humidity, which directly impact soil moisture levels. A field study was therefore conducted to evaluate two soil moisture sensors for irrigation scheduling of commercial strawberries on a farm in Simcoe, Southern Ontario. Strawberries were grown on raised beds with plastic mulch under two management practices – open field and plastic high tunnels. For each practice, two soil moisture sensors based on time domain reflectometry (TDR) were evaluated. The sensors, Campbell Scientific's water content reflectometer (WCR) and ESI's Gro-point (GP) monitored soil moisture continuously over the growing season (May to October 2007). Soil samples were collected to obtain volumetric water content as a unit of reference for the purpose of comparison and evaluation of the two sensors. Equivalent water depths (EWD) were calculated for an effective strawberry rooting depth of 0.3 m. The calculated EWDs were compared with the grower's irrigation scheduling practices. The study found that the WCR and GP reliably recorded continuous trends in soil moisture throughout the growing season. For the WCR sensor, gravimetric analyses of soil samples showed excellent correlation, resulting in R2 of 0.94 and 0.97 for the open field and plastic high tunnel, respectively. The R2 for the GP sensor was good at 0.88 for the open field but poor for the plastic high tunnels, due to a malfunctioning sensor. The EWDs for the two plots were calculated to be 699 mm for the open field and 711 mm for the plastic high tunnels. A significant fin / Les horticulteurs ont besoin de déterminer avec précision les besoins en eau d'irrigation des cultures. En effet, la bonne gestion de la production et l'obtention d'un meilleur rendement des fraises (Fragaria ananassa) nécessitent la planification de la quantité d'eau à apporter et le jour de l'irrigation. Le climat, la pluviométrie et la variation de la température durant le stade de croissance des plantes sont des variables importantes qui compliquent la tâche de la planification de l'irrigation. La problématique de cette étude s'inscrit dans l'optique d'évaluer l'apport de deux capteurs d'humidité du sol de type TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) à la planification de l'irrigation des fraises à Simcoe, au sud d'Ontario. Il convient de noter que les fraises ont été cultivées avec la technique du paillis de plastique, en plein champ, ainsi qu'avec la technique du tunnel en plastique. Pour atteindre les objectifs assignés à cette étude, l'utilisation de deux capteurs de type WRC (Campbell Scientific water content reflectometer) et GP (ESI's Gro-point) a permis de suivre d'une manière continue l'humidité du sol pendant le stade de croissance (mai à octobre 2007). Aussi, des échantillons du sol ont été collectés afin d'obtenir la teneur volumique en eau. Cette dernière a été utilisée comme référence et a permis ainsi de comparer et d'évaluer les résultats obtenus à l'aide des différents capteurs. Également, nous avons calculé l'équivalent d'eau en profondeur (EEP) pour une zone racinaire des fraises de 30 cm. Ce procédé nous a permis de comparer l'EEP calculé pour les différentes pratiques d'irrigation adoptées par les producteurs. Les résultats obtenus ont démontré que le WCR et GP représentent la variabilité de l'humidité du sol pendant le stade de la croissance. Pour le capteur WCR, nous avons pu établir une corrélation très intéressante avec l'analyse
207

Economic analysis of consumer based attributes for rice in Benin

Mhlanga, Saneliso January 2010 (has links)
Consumers are becoming more aware of the quality attributes of different commodities found in the market and are choosing products that closely match their tastes and preferences. The consumer behavior model postulated by Lancaster (1966), says that products are consumed for the characteristics they possess, other than the product itself, and are associated with consumer preferences/utility. For example, in the case of rice, the quality characteristics (attributes) have important price based implications in terms of incentives for producers and consumers. This study empirically analyzes the relationship between price and product attributes towards consumer's choice for rice in Benin, using the hedonic pricing approach and discrete choice modeling at the household level. The results of econometric estimation indicate that consumers pay a premium for grain size, aroma, color, wholeness and cleanliness of grain and convenience attributes across the different regions studied. Consumers (rural and urban) prefer parboiled and imported rice over domestic rice and raw rice. Country of origin was found to influence rice preference indirectly through perceived quality. Socioeconomic factors are not important in consumer purchasing decisions. The results from this study suggest that both domestic and imported rice varieties have positive and negative implicit prices this emphasizes the importance of quality based attributes in future breeding programs to make domestic rice more competitive to imported rice. / Les consommateurs sont de plus en plus conscients des caractéristiques des différents produits rencontrés sur le marché et choisissent des produits qui correspondent le mieux à leurs goûts et préférences. Les caractéristiques de la qualité du riz ont des implications importantes pour les producteurs, les chercheurs et les décideurs politiques. Cette étude analyse la relation entre le prix et les attributs des produits et des préférences des consommateurs pour le cas du riz au Bénin, en utilisant l'approche des prix hédoniques et la modélisation des choix discrets et les données sur les ménages. L'analyse est basée sur la nouvelle théorie du comportement du consommateur de Lancaster (1966), qui postule que les produits sont consommés plus pour les caractéristiques qu'ils possèdent que le produit lui-même et sont associées à des préférences/utilité des consommateurs. Les résultats indiquent que les facteurs les plus importants sont la taille du grain, l'arôme, les corps étrangers, la couleur, le temps de cuisson et la présence de brisures. Les résultats montrent également que les consommateurs sont en mesure de différencier le riz local du riz importé et arrivent à exprimer leurs préférences sur la qualité. Bien que le riz soit déficitaire au Bénin et que la recherche sur les variétés à haut rendement continue d'être privilégiée, l'amélioration de la qualité du riz basée sur les caractéristiques sus identifiées devrait permettre d'amoindrir la concurrence entre les riz importé et local. Les décideurs politiques doivent examiner les incitations réelles et les contraintes à l'amélioration de la qualité au niveau des exploitations rizicoles.
208

Economic analysis of tree-based intercropping in southern Ontario, Canada

Toor, Imran January 2010 (has links)
Tree Based Intercropping (TBI) integrates the use of crops and trees on the same land unit. Such systems can provide a variety of economic, environmental and social benefits in comparis on with mono-cropping agriculture system. The specific objectives of this thesis were to determine the productivity, profitability, and practicality of TBI systems relative to mono-cropping system in Canada. Predicting the productivity, profitability and practicality consisted of several steps. First of all, a comprehensive process-based mathematical model called Ecosys© were used to estimate the trees growth. Secondly, a economic analysis model (Farm-SAFE) was used to determine the profitability and feasibility of TBI system relative to mono-cropping system. / The evaluation of mono-cropping and TBI systems was undertaken for selected tree and crop species. Selected tree species were hybrid poplar, Norway spruce and red oak and crops species were wheat, corn, soybean and barley. The results of this study suggested that TBI systems can under certain circumstances provide a productive, profitable and feasible alternative to mono-cropping system. Tree and crop production was invariably more efficient in the use of land when combined in TBI systems hybrid poplar than when separated in mono-cropping system. Farmers can use a combination of fast-growing specie (hybrid poplar) and slow-growing specie (red oak) simultaneously to increase their profit by using TBI agriculture system. / Sur la base des arbres Intercropping (TBI) intègre l'utilisation des cultures et des arbres sur l'unité même terre. Ces systèmes peuvent fournir une variété d'avantages économiques, environnementaux et sociaux en comparaison avec des mono-système de culture agricole. Les objectifs spécifiques de cette thèse étaient de déterminer la productivité, la rentabilité et l'applicabilité des systèmes TCC par rapport à la monoculture système au Canada. Prédiction de la productivité, la rentabilité et le caractère pratique consistait en plusieurs étapes. Tout d'abord, un processus exhaustif basé sur le modèle mathématique appelé Ecosys © ont été utilisées pour estimer la croissance des arbres. Deuxièmement, un modèle d'analyse économique (Farm-SAFE) a été utilisée pour déterminer la rentabilité et la faisabilité du système de TBI par rapport à la monoculture du système. / L'évaluation de la monoculture et des systèmes de TBI a été entrepris pour l'arbre choisi et les espèces cultivées. Espèces d'arbres sélectionnés ont été le peuplier hybride, l'épicéa et le chêne rouge et des espèces de cultures étaient le blé, le maïs, le soja et l'orge. Les résultats de cette étude suggère que les systèmes de TBI peuvent dans certaines circonstances, constituer une alternative productive, rentable et faisable de monoculture système. Arbre et la production des cultures a été invariablement plus efficace dans l'utilisation des terres lorsqu'elles sont combinées dans les systèmes de TBI (peuplier hybride et l'épinette de Norvège) que quand ils sont séparés en mono-système de culture. Les agriculteurs peuvent utiliser une combinaison d'espèces à court terme (peupliers hybrides) et espèces à long terme (chêne rouge) simultanément pour augmenter leur profit en utilisant TBI système agricole.
209

Bacteria in Soil Surrounding the Roots of Baraley and Oats.

King, Hamilton D. January 1953 (has links)
In the last fifty years many investigators have studied the microorganisms that are in the soil which surrounds the roots of living plants. Some of them endeavoured to provide a better understanding of the various phenomena related to plant feeding and growth, cropping systems and root disease control, but others tried to establish the nature of the microorganisms and to note the differences from those in soil not in the immediate vicinity of the plant root.
210

the Determination of Certain Antioxidants in Fats and their Behaviour in Food Products.

Mahon, John Harold. January 1953 (has links)
A number of the constituents of foods, including unsaturated lipids, lipid-and water-soluble vitamins, pigments and flavouring substances, are capable of reacting with atmospheric oxygen, during the interval between the preparation and consumption of food. These oxidative processes do not proceed in the living tissues in spite of the presence of complicated oxidation - reduction systems in the cell; this fact is ordinarily ascribed to the maintenance of a highly specific state of organization of these systems in the living cell. [...]

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