Orientador: Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça Figueroa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T05:14:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliver_GracieladeSouza_D.pdf: 1988051 bytes, checksum: 4666eae390a7feeb3e04f2d426ae6237 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Essa tese tem por objetivo analisar o papel desempenhado pelas escolas superiores de agricultura na institucionalização das ciências agrícolas entre 1930 e 1950. As escolas analisadas foram: a Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', a Escola Nacional de Agronomia, a Escola Superior de Agricultura do Estado de Minas Gerais em Viçosa e Escola de Agricultura da Bahia. Para compreender qual a contribuição / papel dessas escolas no processo de institucionalização, busquei identificar como conceituaram e exerceram atividades científicas de acordo com o contexto local e com as demandas originadas a partir do processo de reconhecimento federal, iniciado em 1934. A hipótese central dessa pesquisa propõe que diferentes projetos políticos para a modernização da agricultura, encampados pelas escolas, estiveram baseados em diferentes tradições científicas. As duas supostas tradições teriam gerado dois modelos institucionais que, por sua vez, proporcionaram a formação de distintos profissionais de agronomia, especializações e um centro e uma periferia na área. A realização desse trabalho de pesquisa contribuiu para a construção de um perfil para cada escola e para a área de ciências agrícolas no período abordado / Abstract: The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to comprehend the contributions of agricultural schools in the institutionalization of agricultural sciences between 1930 e 1950. Four schools were focused in this study - the Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Escola Superior de Agricultura do Estado de Minas Gerais em Viçosa and Escola de Agricultura da Bahia. To understand this process I turned my attention on how each school has constructed a meaning and has practiced scientifics activities. I have either observed how those meanings and practices were related to the local context and to the demands originated from the process of federal recognition that began in 1934. The main assumption of this research is that two political projects for the Brazilian agriculture were based on two scientific traditions, distinguishing two kinds of professionals, specializations and resulting on a center and a periphery in the area. At the end of this doctoral thesis it was possible to construct a profile for each school and for the agricultural sciences in the focused period / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

"2009年8月". / "2009 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-125). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / 導論 --- p.1-3 / Chapter 第一章： --- 引言 --- p.4-18 / 前人硏究回顧 --- p.4 / 槪念解釋：「分權」、「中央」、「地方」 --- p.10 / 廣東順德縣案例的意義 --- p.13 / 包産到組制簡介 --- p.14 / 資料簡介 --- p.16 / Chapter 第二章： --- 1954-55年順德縣的農業合作化 --- p.19-44 / 1954至1955年中順德縣的建社情況 --- p.19 / 1955年中的農業合作化高潮 --- p.22 / 農村控制與農業合作化 --- p.26 / 1955年的天災與合作化發展 --- p.28 / 1954至1955年順德縣合作化的遺留問題 --- p.30 / 包工制的實行 --- p.34 / 包工包產制的引入 --- p.40 / 小結 --- p.44 / Chapter 第三章： --- 順德縣包產到組的興起及其原因 --- p.45-68 / 1956年農業生產困難槪況 --- p.45 / 「三包一獎」及工作定額制 --- p.46 / 小段計劃 --- p.54 / 「包產到組」的出現 --- p.56 / 退社風潮與順德縣包產到組的興起 --- p.61 / 小結 --- p.68 / Chapter 第四章： --- 以「包產到組」爲主的多種包產形式 --- p.69-91 / 1957年中央的農業生產分權策略 --- p.69 / 「包產到隊」的確立 --- p.71 / 以組爲主的多種包產形式 --- p.74 / 順德縣合作社制度的變遷 --- p.78 / 各級政府對包產到戶的限制 --- p.81 / 地方政府及社委對「包產到組」的維護 --- p.84 / 選擇以包產到組爲主的生產模式的原因 --- p.89 / 小結 --- p.91 / 結論 --- p.92-103 / 包產到組與合作化初期的嘗試 --- p.91 / 包產到組在日後的發展槪況 --- p.95 / 小農經濟理論的反思 --- p.100 / 對當下三農問題的啓示 --- p.101 / 附錄 --- p.104-114 / 附件一：小農經濟理論發展槪況 --- p.104 / 附件二：建國後1953至1957年中共順德縣委書記、副書記一覽表 --- p.107 / 附件三：順德縣行政區域劃分一覽表(1950至1957年) --- p.108 / 附圖一：順德縣政區圖 --- p.112 / 附圖二：順德縣政區圖放大 --- p.113 / 參考書目 --- p.115-125

Agricultural development has long been the biggest challenge faced by governments or rulers of many countries and regions, be it in the past or at present. It affects the various political, social and economic development aspects of a country or region. Based on various long-term and short-term social needs, the authorities have attempted to find a suitable balance, searching constantly for feasible methods to manage agriculture, in the hope of harmonising the interests of peasant households, consumers and the ruling class through administrative measures. This has resulted in continuous adjustments in agricultural policies and effectively affected the development of agriculture as well as the well-being of farmers and the general public. / As an entrepot, Hong Kong had very little arable land. The number of people engaged in farming, either directly or indirectly, was dwarfed by the consumer population. How to provide the large population with sufficient food, enabling it to be a driver behind economic development? This question became an important political issue for the Hong Kong colonial government for more than 100 years. Sino-British relations fluctuated considerably after the Second World War and this made agricultural development a thorny problem for the colonial government. In the course of studying 60 years of agricultural development, the most striking impression is that the Hong Kong colonial government was totally involved in agricultural production in the New Territories through the systematic promotion of the cooperative movement involving production, transport and marketing. This had made contribution to Hong Kong's unique political and social environment. / This thesis reconstructs the agricultural history of Hong Kong in the post-war period. It explores the profound influence that the Agricultural Cooperative Movement has on the political ecosystem of the villages in the New Territories, economic efficiency and human relations in rural communities. / 陳煜禮. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 226-230). / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0713. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 226-230). / Chen Yuli.

Deep anthropogenic topsoils – those augmented through long-term additions of mineral bulk among fertilising agents – retain in both their physical and chemical make-up significant indicators for cultural activity. This project researched the geographical distribution and historical context of deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland and the Isles, and used this information to investigate the impact of current land cover upon the cultural information they retain. In so doing, the project investigated the potential for conservation of this significant cultural resource. A review of the historical information available on agricultural and manuring practices for Scotland identified several factors likely to affect deep topsoil distribution and frequency. These were: the availability of bulk manures to Scottish farmers, the significance of the seaweed resource in determining fertiliser strategies in coastal areas, and the influence of urban settlement and associated patterns of domestic and industrial waste disposal on the location of deep topsoils. Evidence for widespread deep topsoil development was limited. The primary data source used – the First Statistical Account of Scotland – was manipulated into a spatial database in ArcView GIS, to which geographical data from the Soil Survey of Scotland and national archaeological survey databases were added. This was used to devise a survey programme aiming both to investigate the potential factors affecting soil development listed above, and to locate deep topsoil sites for analysis. Three sites were identified with deep topsoils under different cover types (woodland, arable and pasture). The urban-influenced context of two of these highlighted the significance of urban settlement to the location of Scottish deep topsoils. Analysis of pH, organic matter, and total phosphorus content showed a correlation between raised organic matter and a corresponding increase in phosphorus content in soils under permanent vegetation. By contrast, soils under arable cultivation showed no such rise. This was attributed to the action of cropping in removing modern organic inputs prior to down-profile cycling. The potential for pasture and woodland cover to affect relict soil signatures was therefore observed. Thin section analysis aimed to both provide micromorphological characterisation of the three deep topsoil sites and investigate the effect of modern land cover on micromorphological indicators. Distinctive differences in micromorphological character were observed between the rural and urban deep topsoils, with the latter showing a strong focus on carbonised fuel residues and industrial wastes. All sites showed a highly individual micromorphological character, reflective of localised fertilising systems. There was no correlation between land cover type and survival of material indictors for anthropogenic activity, with soil cultural indicators surviving well, particularly those characteristic of urban-influenced topsoils. Suggestions for preservation strategies for this potentially rare and highly localised cultural resource included the incorporation of deep anthropogenic topsoil conservation into current government policy relating to care of the rural historic environment, and the improvement of data on the resource through ongoing survey and excavation.

La ricerca analizza l’evoluzione della vitivinicoltura nell’Oltrepò Pavese quale elemento caratterizzante il paesaggio di questo territorio. Tale settore produttivo risulta essere una delle principali attività svolte nell’area in esame e ne caratterizza l’economia, il paesaggio collinare, le tradizioni e le forme identitarie, specialmente nellla zona centro-orientale, ossia nei territori che gravitano sui centri urbani di Casteggio, Broni e Stradella. Il lavoro si propone di approfondire anzitutto la valorizzazione della tipicità e del locale, riassunti e rappresentati nel termine terroir, che indica l’insieme degli elementi geomorfologici, climatici, antropici e culturali che rendono unico un prodotto (in questo caso il vino), mettendo così il locale al centro di un’analisi che si può estendere poi a riflessioni di ordine generale. L’indagine geografica ha studiato gli aspetti ambientali e quelli antropici, nonché le loro relazioni. Si è fatto riferimento ai fattori geologici, pedologici e climatici, che altresì sono gli elementi imprescindibili degli studi di «zonazione» che si occupano proprio dell’interazione tra viticoltura e ambiente. L’indagine geostorica-territoriale si è rivolta soprattutto ai seguenti temi: il paesaggio vitivinicolo; i tipi di vitigni impiantati e i relativi sistemi di coltivazione; le produzioni e la commercializzazione del prodotto; la rappresentazione delle proprietà e del territorio attraverso i catasti. Inoltre si approfondiscono i temi geoeconomici sia a scala globale sia a scala locale, grazie alla rielaborazione delle informazioni relative al settore produttivo. Il contesto locale pertanto è confrontato con quello regionale, nazionale e globale, al fine di comprenderne i legami, soprattutto in relazione alle attuali sfide geoeconomiche. / In this thesis we analyse the evolution of grape growing and wine making as two of the elements which have contributed to the shaping of the landscape in the Oltrepò Pavese and represent two of the main economic activities of this geographic area, with is often identified with them – particularly in the mid-western part, i.e., the areas around the towns of Casteggio, Broni and Stradella. My main goal is to investigate the ways in which the values of locality and typicity – represented by the term terroir – are promoted. “Terroir” stands for, and comprises, a number of elements such as geo-morphological and climatic features, as well as human and cultural factors, all of which contribute to the uniqueness of a product like wine. My research thus starts from, and gives prominence to, the local level, in order to formulate a set of observations from which more general conclusions may then be drawn. The geographical investigation focusses on the environmental and human factors as well as their interrelationships. In its course, we refer to factors such as geology, pedology and climate, the crucial elements of all studies of «zoning», which describe precisely the complex interaction between grape growing and the environment. The geo-historical analysis concentrates especially on thematic areas such as the landscape; the varieties of grape that are planted and the respective growing techniques; the production and marketing of the produce; the ways in which property boundaries and the territory have been represented in land registries. The geo-economic factors, at both the local and global levels, are investigated through the analysis of the data from the production sector. The local context is thus compared to the regional, national and global ones in order to better understand the nature of their interactions and provide useful insights in relation to the challenges posed by the current geo-economic scenarios.