No description available.

Univ., Diss., 2010--Marburg.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences agronomiques : INPL : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Hairy roots are a syndrome of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium rhizogenes, which induces the aggressive growth of roots in the plants it infects. Hairy roots are shown to have increased production of secondary metabolites when compared to roots that are not transformed, especially when they are exposed to plant signaling hormones called elicitors. Two popular elicitors are Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) and Salicylic Acid (SA), which are also potent plant signaling compounds involved in plant defense and immunity. Many studies have reported on the secondary metabolites of hairy roots and their production of metabolites after exposure to elicitors. However, there is a gap in current knowledge of how hairy roots and non-transformed roots of Helianthus annuus (the common sunflower) compare in their secondary metabolite profiles, which include the volatile terpenoids they produce. This experiment used solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) to compare the volatile terpenoid profiles of hairy roots and non-transformed roots of H. annuus after their exposure to 0.2 mM MeJA and MeSA, the methyl ester of SA. The experiment identified several differences in the production of volatile compounds across elicitor treatments and time points yet hairy roots largely maintained the properties of their native counterparts. This project provides information on the secondary metabolism and volatile terpenoid profiles of hairy roots and explores the biotechnological applications of such insights.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Universiẗat, Diss--Karlsruhe, 2002.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1935. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-37).

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-24T12:12:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1281900 bytes, checksum: 4472f78480864646e3d483fe0dffb30a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T12:12:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1281900 bytes, checksum: 4472f78480864646e3d483fe0dffb30a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-12-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Foram realizados dois trabalhos no laboratório de testes de progênie do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa-MG. Um com a finalidade de desenvolver um protocolo de transformação de plantas de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) via Agrobacterium rhizogenes resistente à canamicina, e o outro para avaliar o efeito de fotoperíodo, filtros coloridos, nitrato de amônio, 2,4-D, picloram, ABA, AgNO 3 e STS na micropropagação de plântulas de mandioca. Na transformação da mandioca foram testados: a) meio seletivo com canamicina (0,0; 100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900; e 1.000 mg/L), b) influência da idade e luz nos discos foliares co-cultivados com a bactéria, c) efeito do ANA (0,0; 0,1; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; e 5,0 mg/L) no co- cultivo, d) efeito de concentrações de BAP (1,0; 10,0; 50; e 100,0 mg/L), e) efeito do GA 3 (0,05) + BAP (2,0 mg/L) e picloram (8,0 mg/L). Foi também realizada a análise isozimática do material. Avaliaram-se: peso da matéria seca, número de folhas e raízes, comprimento da parte aérea, presença de injúrias e coloração de folhas e caule. A partir de 100 mg/L de canamicina, as plântulas apresentaram fitotoxidez; folhas novas e no claro apresentam os melhores resultados; o melhor resultado com ANA foi obtido a 2,0 mg/L; calos transformados apresentaram maior peso de matéria seca com 10 mg/L de BAP e com picloram; na análise isozimática constatou-se diferença no padrão de bandas. Na micropropagação, avaliaram-se as mesmas características dos experimentos de transformação; nos experimentos com STS e AgNO 3 foram avaliados também o teor de clorofila, e nos de nitrato de amônio, fotoperíodo, filtros coloridos e ABA foi feita também uma análise mineral do material vegetal. Avaliou-se o efeito do nitrato de amônio (0; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 3/4; 1; e 2 da concentração original) com e sem BAP. Estudou-se o efeito dos fotoperíodos: 0; 8 e 16 h luz. Quanto ao efeito do STS e AgNO 3, as concentrações utilizadas foram: de STS (0, 20, 30 e 50 μM) e de AgNO 3 (0, 10, 30 e 50 μM). Foram avaliados os efeitos de 2,4-D (0; 4,4; e 8,8 mg/L) e picloram (0; 4,8; e 9,6 mg/L) no claro e no escuro. Verificou-se também o efeito de 2,4-D (0; 2,2; 4,4; 6,6; e 8,8 mg/L) e ABA (0,0; 1,0 e 10 mg/L). Para avaliar o efeito da qualidade de luz, as plântulas foram colocadas sob filtros de acrílico vermelho, amarelo e azul. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que, com ou sem o BAP, pode-se usar uma concentração de nitrato de amônio abaixo da normalmente utilizada; o 2,4-D teve efeito melhor na concentração de 4,4 mg/L no escuro; e o picloram não induziu nenhum tipo de mudança morfogênica. O ABA impediu o crescimento da mandioca. O filtro amarelo foi o mais indicado para um estudo na área de enraizamento. O fotoperíodo age diferente conforme, o cultivar. Tanto para o AgNO 3 como para o STS a resposta da mandioca não foi benéfica. / There were two researches done in the progenie test laboratory at the Plant Technology Department at the Federal University of Viçosa, in Viçosa-MG. One of them had as its aim to develop a manioc plant transformation protocol (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by means of Agrobacterium rhizogenes which is resistant to kanamicine, and the other was to evaluate the effect of the photoperiod, colour filters, ammonium nitrate; 2,4-D, picloram, ABA, AgNO 3 and STS in the small plant of cassava. The following were tested during the cassava transformation: a) selective means with kanamicine (0,0; 100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900; and 1.000 mg/L), b) the influence of age and light over the leaf disks which were cultivated in bacteria, c) the effect of ANA (0,0; 0,1; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; and 5,0 mg/L) in the co-cultivate, d) the effect of the BAP (1,0; 10,0; 50; and 100,0 mg/L) concentrations, e) the effect of the GA3 (0,05) + BAP (2,0 mg/L) and picloram (8,0 mg/L). There was also a isozimatic analysis of the material. The following were evaluated: dry matter weight, the number of leaves and roots, the length of the aerial part, the presence of damage and the coloring of the leaves and stem. With 100 mg/L of kanamicine, the small plants presented phitotoxidity; the new leaves and under light present better results; the best result with ANA was obtained with 2,0 mg/L; the calluses that were formed presented heavier weight, 10 mg/L of BAP, within the dry matter and with picloram; there was a difference with the band pattern in the isozimatic analysis. The same characteristics of the transformation experiments were evaluated; the chlorophyll content was evaluated in the experiments that had STS and AgNO 3, and there was also a mineral analysis of the vegetal material done for the photoperiod, colored filters and ABA. The effect of the ammonium nitrate (0; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 3/4; 1; and 2 from the original concentration) with and without BAP was evaluated. The effects of the photoperiods of light were studied : 0; 8 and 16 light hours. For the effect of the STS and the AgNO 3, the concentrations that were used were: STS (0, 20, 30 e 50 μM) and AgNO 3 (0, 10, 30 and 50 μM). The effects of the 2,4-D (0; 4,4; and 8,8 mg/L) and picloram (0; 4,8; and 9,6 mg/L) in the light and in the dark were evaluated. The effect of 2,4-D (0; 2,2; 4,4; 6,6; and 8,8 mg/L) and ABA (0,0; 1,0 and 10 mg/L) was verified. To evaluate the light quality effect, the small plants were put under red, yellow and blue acrylic filter. The results that were obtained indicated that, with or without BAP, a ammonium nitrate concentration can be used below the usual amount that is used; the 2,4-D had a better effect in the concentration of 4,4 mg/L in the dark; and the picloram did not induce any type of morphogenic change. The ABA inhibited the growth of the manioc. The yellow filer was more indicated for a study in the rooting area. The photoperiod works differently according the cultivar. Either for the AgNO 3 or for the STS the return from the cassava was not beneficial.

This project is focused on transformation of Silene vulgaris mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes. S. vulgaris is a good model plant to study gynodioecy, an evolutionary step from bisexuality to dioecy. Gynodioecious plants form in some individuals bisexual flowers, while the others possess only female flowers. The aim of this research is do develop a technique to introduce foreign genes into this plant to study its developmental consequences. Using A. rhizogenes we successfuly prepared hairy root cultures, which unfortunately do not form shoot regenerants. We have prepared a protocol to induce plant regenerants from S. vulgaris leaf fragments. The first results do not confirm that A. tumefaciens infected plant regenerants harbor reporter transgenes. We used Nicotiana tabacum as a positive control.

Datura innoxia Mill., une plante de la famille des Solanacées synthétisant des métabolites secondaires, dont les alcaloïdes tropaniques, a été utilisée comme modèle pour cette étude portant sur les cultures en hydroponie. Nous avons déterminé et hiérarchisé les paramètres environnementaux (biotiques et abiotiques) permettant d’améliorer croissance et production de métabolites. La réponse de la plante dépend de l’approvisionnement en oxygène de la solution nutritive, de la température perçue tant niveau des parties aériennes qu’au niveau racinaire. Une augmentation de l’intensité d’éclairage n’améliore pas la teneur en alcaloïdes de la plante mais l’utilisation de lumière orange engendre un changement des paramètres de croissance et des teneurs en molécules recherchées. Nous avons également montré que la présence de microflore dans le milieu de culture provoque une dégradation des molécules d’intérêt et altère leur accumulation dans la plante. Par contre, A. rhizogenes a un effet favorable sur la croissance de la biomasse et la biosynthèse d’alcaloïdes tropaniques dans la plante. L’état transgénique des racines, issues de co-culture hydroponique de Datura innoxia avec A. rhizogenes TR7, a été estimé par une vérification précoce et confirmé par des analyses moléculaires. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence les modifications du phénotype racinaire et les mécanismes d'interaction plante-microorganisme. L’inoculation des agrobactéries peut donner lieu à des transferts naturels de gènes induisant ainsi l’obtention d’un pool racinaire chimérique regroupant des racines normales et des racines transformées. Ces travaux ont ouvert de nouvelles perspectives en vue de déterminer la capacité de production de métabolites secondaires par des plantes en culture hors sol, de manière à obtenir une biomasse riche en molécules recherchées / Datura innoxia Mill. a plant species belonging to Solanaceous family, produces hyoscyamine and scopolamine as two main tropane alkaloids. It has been studied in the present work for the development of hydroponic based secondary metabolites bioproduction. More specifically, biotic and abiotic environmental factors have been analysed in order to improve growth and alkaloid accumulation in plant tissues. Oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution is proved to be important for both biomass and compound production in temporary immersion culture conditions occur as one optimum. Temperature has also a major effect, directly and most probably through oxygen solubility and root needs. We showed that artificial light may positively complete natural one but the kind of spectrum must be chosen carefully. From this point of view, orange light from High Pressure Natrium Vapour light showed better results than classical white light. Nitrogen (NO3-15mM) and pH (5 to 6) management may lead to culture optimization. We also show that well chosen wild Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains may be added to the hydroponic nutrient solution in order to improve growth and alkaloid bioproduction. This result is due to the multi occurrence of genetic transformation events. Our results lead to a first classification for impacts of biotic and abiotic factors. It opens new window for plant milking technology industrial development