Global ETD Search

291	Climate Adaptation and Water Conservation Decision-Making in Paso Robles, California Vineyards Klier, Christopher R 01 August 2021 (has links) (PDF) This paper examines vineyard perceptions and adoption of climate change adaptation and water conservation measures in the Paso Robles American Viticultural Area (AVA). A survey was distributed to all 220 vineyards and vineyard management companies that operate in the AVA, with a 53.64% response rate. The objective of the survey was to determine vineyard manager and owner attitudes towards climate change and adaptation, as well as their perceptions of how these threats would impact their operation. A second objective was to document the current level of water conservation and climate adaptation while identifying the barriers and opportunities for further adoption of these practices. The third objective was to share a climate projection to assess perceived impacts, attitudes, and perceptions of the projection and capacity to adapt. The final objective was to develop a typology to assist targeted outreach of vineyards. Our results showed that the most important current climate impact is heat, with water regulations and supply being the biggest concern in the future. Vineyards were also found to be relatively unsure about their capability to further implement adaptation measures, with relatively low adoption of most practices already. Decision support tools, like the climate projection, were found to be useful and desired by vineyards for management. Results of our study showed that trust in the information source can be a barrier to use of these tools. We identified further barriers to adoption of practices and identified an outreach strategy using a typology of vineyards, which focused on smaller vineyards and those without wineries. These results can be used to increase efficacy of government and NGO programs that aim to support climate adaptation and water conservation in the region. Climate Adaptation Water Conservation Adaptation Decision-Making Paso Robles Viticulture Vineyards Agricultural and Resource Economics Agricultural Education Agriculture Agronomy and Crop Sciences Environmental Studies Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Sustainability Viticulture and Oenology Water Resource Management
292	Evaluation of Pheromone Mating Disruption for California Red Scale Control in Commercial California Citrus Leonard, Joel Timothy 01 December 2019 (has links) (PDF) California red scale (CRS), Aonidella aurantii, is an increasingly injurious insect pest for the California citrus industry due to insecticide resistance, changing weather patterns, and shifting trade regulations. The presence of the insect on fruit, damages the rind of the fruit and high populations can cause dieback of branches as well as lower yields. Pheromone mating disruption of CRS has the potential to alleviate population control concerns and reduce insecticide use. The efficacy of the pheromone mating disruption technique for pest management of CRS was determined using the products CheckMate® CRS and Semios CRS Plus. CheckMate® CRS was evaluated over two years in eight 8.1-ha blocks and two 16.2-ha blocks, and in each block half the acreage was untreated and half treated. Semios CRS Plus was evaluated over one year in four 8.1-ha blocks and one 16.2-ha block, and in each block half the acreage was untreated and half treated. Disruption efficacy was determined by male flight trap counts, leaf and twig infestation percentages, and fruit infestation at the end of the season. For CheckMate® CRS® a large reduction in male flight trap catches were recorded in all blocks over both years. Statistically significant lower leaf and twig infestations were observed between for the CheckMate® CRS compared to the control areas in all 10 blocks over the 2018 and 2019 seasons for both the August and November sampling. Statistically significant reductions in the % of fruit infested with 10 or more scales were observed for the CheckMate® CRS treatment compared to the control in 9 of the 10 blocks with 7 of 10 blocks having 90% to 97% reduction. No significant reductions in male flight trap catches or the August leaf and twig infestation were observed for Semios CRS Plus. Due to a lack of efficacy in the August leaf and twig sample in 2018 the trials were canceled and not replicated in 2019. The results of the study indicated pheromone mating disruption using CheckMate® CRS, can be an effective method to reduce California red scale populations. Pheromone Mating Disruption Suterra CheckMate CRS Semios CRS Plus Mesoporous Lure Aerosol Dispenser Agricultural Science Agriculture Agronomy and Crop Sciences Biology Fruit Science Horticulture Plant Pathology Plant Sciences
293	Spreading The Char: The Importance of Local Compatibility in the Diffusion of Biochar Systems to the Smallholder Agriculture Community Context Munoz, Laura C. V. 01 May 2014 (has links) This thesis enters the context of smallholder agriculture communities in the developing world. It explores the potentials of biochar and what biochar systems could bring to the smallholder communities while simultaneously bringing environmental benefits. It then acknowledges the challenges of diffusion –the spreading of an unfamiliar innovation. It seeks to answer the question of what will make diffusion of biochar systems more successful in the smallholder context, fixating on the characteristic of compatibility as well as the role local community members can play in making a new biochar system more visible to the rest of the communities. Biochar diffusion compatibility smallholder agriculture terra preta soil Agricultural and Resource Economics Agricultural Economics Agricultural Science Agriculture Agronomy and Crop Sciences Communication Earth Sciences Economics Environmental Health and Protection Environmental Sciences Growth and Development International Economics Natural Resource Economics Natural Resources and Conservation Nature and Society Relations Other Environmental Sciences Science and Technology Studies Social and Behavioral Sciences Soil Science Sustainability Technology and Innovation
294	Bolivia's Coca Headache: The Agroyungas Program, Inflation, Campesinos, Coca and Capitalism In Bolivia Roberts, John D 01 January 2010 (has links) (PDF) Bolivia in the 1980s was wracked by monetary inflation approaching levels of the German Weimar Republic. Immediately following this time of great financial crisis in Bolivia, the U.N. founded a project through the U.N.D.P. to encourage peasant farmers in Bolivia to switch from growing coca (the plant used manufacture cocaine) to growing other cash crops for market. This crop substitution and development program, called the Agroyungas Project, lasted from 1985 to 1991 and is the focus of this study. While many U.N. pundits and journalists considered the program’s initial small successes promising, it has been considered since its conclusion to be a failure. The program was poorly conceived, poorly funded and poorly executed from the start. So one question remains: why was the Agroyungas Project a failure? Additionally, was the project simply a way to steer Bolivians away from the illicit coca/cocaine economy? While on the surface this might appear to be the case, one must probe the complex situations in Bolivia deeply to uncover the true missteps behind this U.N. program. By looking at the evidence, it is apparent that crop substitution programs like the Agroyungas Project failed for a variety of reasons. Besides poor planning and execution of project plans, the project’s developers, planners and workers simply did not understand Bolivian indigenous culture and Bolivian history. However, the project was not doomed to fail. The lack of knowledge and understanding of indigenous Bolivian realities, Bolivian geography and Bolivian history directly led to the failures of the Agroyungas Project. Coca Cocaine Bolivia Inflation Drug Trafficking Ayllu Agronomy and Crop Sciences Cultural History Economic History Growth and Development Human Geography International Relations Latin American History Latin American Languages and Societies Latin American Studies Natural Resources Management and Policy Physical and Environmental Geography Political Economy Political History Social and Cultural Anthropology Urban Studies and Planning

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