Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T22:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioJoseSarmentoDaNobrega_DISSERT.pdf: 1583157 bytes, checksum: d983a51cc80592b7773a1f2fc486cc33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-11T21:32:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioJoseSarmentoDaNobrega_DISSERT.pdf: 1583157 bytes, checksum: d983a51cc80592b7773a1f2fc486cc33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T21:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioJoseSarmentoDaNobrega_DISSERT.pdf: 1583157 bytes, checksum: d983a51cc80592b7773a1f2fc486cc33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / INTRODU??O: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotr?fica (ELA) ? uma doen?a neurodegenerativa caracterizada por fraqueza muscular progressiva da musculatura perif?rica e respirat?ria. O acometimento muscular respirat?rio gera fraqueza, reduzindo a expansibilidade pulmonar e diminuindo a capacidade de produzir tosse, favorecendo aumento da morbidade e mortalidade associadas a infec??es respirat?rias agudas. A t?cnica de Air Stacking (AS) favorece a insufla??o pulmonar que pode resultar na expans?o do pulm?o, otimiza??o da press?o de retra??o pulmonar, aumento do pico de fluxo de tosse (PFT) e elimina??o de secre??o. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos foram divididos entre dois estudos: Estudo 1) Realizar um protocolo pr?vio para an?lise e descri??o das varia??es no PFT, distribui??o dos volumes na parede tor?cica (PT) e seus compartimentos (Caixa tor?cica pulmonar - CTp, Caixa tor?cica abdominal - CTa e abd?men - AB), padr?o respirat?rio e ?ndice de velocidade de encurtamento dos m?sculos respirat?rios antes e ap?s a t?cnica de AS em sujeitos jovens saud?veis adotando a postura de 45o de inclina??o de tronco; Estudo 2) Avaliar e comparar os efeitos agudos da aplica??o da t?cnica de AS nas varia??es do PFT e volumes da PT em sujeitos com ELA versus saud?veis pareados e observar a seguran?a da utiliza??o da t?cnica, por meio da Pletismografia Optoeletr?nica (POE) utilizando a postura de 45o de inclina??o de tronco. METODOLOGIA: Para estudo 1 foram avaliados indiv?duos saud?veis alocados em um ?nico grupo. Para o estudo 2, sujeitos com ELA foram alocados no grupo experimental (GE) e sujeitos saud?veis pareados quanto a idade, g?nero e ?ndice de massa corp?rea foram alocados no grupo controle (GC). Em ambos estudos, os sujeitos foram avaliados quando a fun??o pulmonar, for?a muscular respirat?ria, PFT, volumes da PT, padr?o respirat?rio e ?ndice de velocidade de encurtamento dos m?sculos respirat?rios e distribui??o em seus compartimentos antes (PreAS) durante (AS) e ap?s (P?sAS) a t?cnica de AS. RESULTADOS: No estudo 1 foram avaliados 20 sujeitos saud?veis e observados aumentos (m?dia ? desvio padr?o) significantes no PFT (1,76 ? 0,08 L/s, p < 0,05), nos momentos AS e P?sAS comparado com PreAS; Capacidade inspirat?ria (CI) (~600 ? 0,15 ml), sendo maior entre os momentos CIM e CIpre; Varia??o de volume da PT e volume inspirat?rio final (?Vif) (p < 0,0001), sendo maiores nos compartimentos da CTp e CTa; Volume minuto (VE) (p < 0,0001) e ?ndice de velocidade dos m?sculos inspirat?rios (p < 0,0001), expirat?rios (p < 0,0001) e diafragma (p < 0,0005). No Estudo 2 foram avaliados 18 sujeitos (9 com ELA). Na an?lise intragrupo foram observados aumentos significativos (p < 0.0005) no PFT (4,4 ? 2,2L vs 7 ? 4,1L/s; 7,6 ? 3,1L vs 11,6 ? 4,5L/s) e CI (1,7 ? 0,4L vs 2,2 ? 0,6L; 3,1 ? 0,6L vs 3,6 ? 0,9L) entre os momentos AS e PreAS dos grupos GE e GC, respectivamente. An?lise intergrupo mostrou que este aumento do PFT e da CI (59% e 29,4%, respectivamente) foi significantemente maior (p < 0,0001) no GE. A contribui??o em volume dos compartimentos da PT para a CI ocorreu de formas diferentes em ambos os grupos. Durante a realiza??o da t?cnica, foi observado que o compartimento AB obteve uma maior contribui??o (0,69 ? 0,2 vs 0,92 ? 0,4L) para o aumento da CI no GE (p < 0,005); diferentemente do GC, onde a maior contribui??o (1,8 ? 0,5 vs 2,2 ? 0,5L) foi observada no compartimento CT (p = 0.004). Com rela??o a capacidade vital, somente o GE obteve aumentos ap?s a realiza??o da t?cnica (1,8 ? 0,5 vs 2,2 ? 0,7, p < 0,05). CONCLUS?O: Nos presentes estudos a t?cnica de AS mostrou ser segura e eficaz no aumento do PFT e volumes pulmonares. Nos sujeitos saud?veis a t?cnica talvez atue aumentando a complac?ncia pulmonar, diferentemente dos sujeitos com ELA que provavelmente atue no recrutamento alveolar ventilando as ?reas pulmonares mais distais, antes hipoventiladas. / INTRODUCTION: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive weakness of peripheral and respiratory muscles. The respiratory muscle impairment generates weakness, reducing lung expansion and reducing the capacity to produce cough, favoring increase in morbidity and mortality associated with acute respiratory infections. The Air Stacking technique (AS) improves lung inflation that could lead to the expansion, optimization of lung recoil pressure, increased peak cough flow (PCF) and elimination of secretion. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were divided in two studies: Study 1) Conduct a previous protocol for analysis and description of changes in PCF, distribution of volumes in the chest wall (CW) and its compartments (pulmonary rib cage ? RCp, abdominal rib cage ? RCa and abdomen - Ab), breathing pattern and shortening velocity index of respiratory muscles before and after AS technique in healthy subjects adopting the posture of 45? inclined position; Study 2) To evaluate and compare the acute effects of AS on PCF and CW volumes in subjects with ALS versus matched healthy by Optoelectronic Plethysmography (OEP) using the posture of 45? inclined position. METHODOLOGY: For Study 1 were evaluated healthy individuals allocated into one group. For Study 2, subjects with ALS were allocated to the experimental group (GE) and matched healthy subjects as age, gender and body mass index were allocated to the control group (GC). In both studies, subjects were evaluated for lung function, respiratory muscle strength, PCF, CW volumes, breathing pattern and shortening velocity index of respiratory muscles and distribution in their magazines before (PreAS), during (AS) and after AS (PostAS). RESULTS: In study 1 were evaluated 20 healthy subjects and observed significant increases (mean ? standard deviation) in PFT (1.76 ? 0.08 L/s, p < 0.05), in AS and PostAS moments compared to PreAS; Inspiratory capacity (IC) (~600 ? 0.15 ml), being higher among MIC and IC moments; CW volumes and end inspiratory volume (?EIV) (p < 0.0001), being higher among RCp and RCa compartments; Minute volume (VE) (p < 0.0001) and shortening velocity index of inspiratory muscles (p < 0.0001), expiratory (p <0.0001) and diaphragm (p < 0.0005). In Study 2 were evaluated 18 subjects (9 with ALS). In intragroup analysis were observed significant increases (p < 0.0005) in PCF (4.4 ? 2.2L vs 7 ? 4.1L/s; ? 7.6 vs 11.6 ? 4.5L 3.1L/s) and IC (? 1.7 vs 2.2 ? 0.6L 0.4L; 3.1 ? 0.6 L vs 3.6 ? 0.9L) between AS and PreAS moments of GE and GC groups, respectively. Intergroup analysis showed that this increase in the PCF and the IC was significantly higher in GE (59%, 29.4%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). The contribution in volume of PT compartments for CI occurred differently in both groups. While performing the technique, it was observed that the AB compartment obtained a greater contribution (0.69 ? 0.2 vs 0.92 ? 0.4 L) for the increase in IC in GE group (p <0.005); unlike the GC, where the largest contribution (1.8 ? 0.5 vs 2.2 ? 0.5 L) was observed in the CT compartment (p = 0.004). Regarding the vital capacity, only GE increases were obtained after performing the technique (1.8 ? 0.5 vs 2.2 ? 0.7, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that AS is safe and effective in increasing PCF and CW volumes. In healthy subjects the technique probably works in a way to increase lung compliance, unlike subjects with ALS who may act in alveolar recruitment ventilating the most distal pulmonary areas, prior hypoventilated.