Transportation networks constitute a critical infrastructure enabling the transfers of passengers and goods, with a significant impact on the economy at different scales. Transportation modes, whether air, road or rail, are coupled and interdependent. The frequent occurrence of perturbations on one or several modes disrupts passengers' entire journeys, directly and through ripple effects. Collaborative Decision Making has shown significant benefits at the airport level, both in the US and in Europe. This dissertation examines how it could be extended to the multimodal network level, discusses the supporting qualitative and quantitative evidence, and provides recommendations for implementation. A case study on the crisis management following the Asiana Crash at San Francisco International Airport in July 2013 is presented. The resulting propagation of disturbances on the transportation infrastructure in the United States is examined. The perturbation takes different forms and varies in scale and time frames : cancellations and delays snowball in the airspace, highway traffic near the airport is impacted by congestion in previously never congested locations, and transit passenger demand exhibit unusual traffic peaks in between airports in the Bay Area. The crash led to a large number of domestic and international flight diversions to many airports, such as Oakland, San Jose, Los Angeles, but also Denver, Salt Lake City and Seattle for instance. Thousands of passengers found themselves struggling to reach their original destination. Passenger reaccommodation varied greatly from airline to airline and airport to airport.First a passenger-centric reaccommodation scheme is developed to balance costs and delays, for each diversion airport. Second, assuming better information sharing and collaborative decision making, we show that there was enough capacity at the neighboring airports, Oakland and San Jose, to accommodate most of the diverted flights and reoptimize the allocation of flight diversions to the Bay Area airports. The present research paves the way further data-driven research on interdependent infrastructure networks for increased resilience. The end goal is to form the basis for optimization models behind providing more reliable passenger door-to-door journeys and improved transportation performance.

In order to examine the feasibility of assessing blast event conditions from bone and to distinguish blast trauma from aircraft crash trauma, this study attempts to determine if the observations made in clinical research are mirrored in skeletal remains of individuals who died in blast events. Research was conducted by assessing the frequency of different forms of trauma and their comparison to aircraft crash trauma, the directionality of trauma, and open-air versus enclosed blast trauma. Data consisted of historic and forensic anthropology reports of individuals who died from blast events and aircraft crashes from the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). The results indicate a difference in the projectile/comminuted trauma between aircraft crash trauma and blast events, and that directionality is present in blast event fractures but should be used judiciously to determine blast direction. A sample of one open-air blast individual precluded assessment of enclosed versus open-air blast events.

Skrydžio saugos užtikrinimas – tai pagrindinis lėktuvo pilotų darbo uždavinys kiekvieno reiso metu. Tinkama daugianarės skrydžio įgulos sąveika yra bene svarbiausias veiksnys garantuojantis skrydžio saugumą ir efektyvumą. Pagrindinis magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – ištirti netinkamą daugianarės įgulos sąveiką, dėl kurios įvyksta įvairaus pobūdžio lėktuvų avarijos ar katastrofos, išanalizuoti pilotų sąveiką sąlygojančius veiksnius ir pateikti galimus siūlymus, panašioms situacijoms išvengti ateityje. Nustatant ir tiriant netinkamą sąveiką sąlygojančius veiksnius, įvertinama ir jų svarba bendrai skrydžio saugai. Pagrindiniai netinkamo bendro pilotų darbo veiksniai:  Netinkamas kapitono vadovavimo stilius;  Nuovargis:  Stresas;  Netinkamas bendravimas. Vėliau šie veiksniai yra praktiškai patvirtinami analizuojant jau įvykusias aviakatastrofas. Ieškomos objektyvios netinkamos pilotų sąveikos priežastys kiekvienos avarijos metu. Daugumoje ištirtų įvykių aptikti kritiniai momentai, kuomet pilotams galimai imantis atitinkamai siūlomų veiksmų, dar įmanomas įvykio evoliucijos laike pakeitimas ir aviakatastrofos išvengimas. / Flight safety assurance is the main task for aircraft pilots during their every flight. Appropriate multi-crew cooperation is probably the most important factor that guarantees effective and safe flight. The main object of this master’s thesis is to analize inadequate multi-crew cooperation which leads to various airplane crashes, to research factors, that affect cooperation of pilots and to suggest probabale solutions, in order to avoid similar situations in the future. After identifying and researching factors that cause inadequate cooperation, the importance of elements for flight safety is also evaluated. The main factors for inappropriate mutual work between the pilots are:  Inappropriate commanding style of captain;  Fatigue;  Stress;  Inappropriate communication. Later these factors are practically confirmed while analizing airplane crashes. During every accident, a search is made for the objective factors that caused an appearance of inadequate cooperation of pilots. Critical moments were found in the most of the crashes, when taking the suggested action there is still a possibility to change the further evoliution of the happening and aircraft crash avoidance.

A finite element model of fibre metal laminate (FML) fuselage was developed in order to evaluate its impact response under survivable crash event. To create a reliable crash finite element (FE) model of FML fuselage, a ‘building block approach’ is adapted. It involves a series of validation and verification tasks in order to establish reliable material and damage models, verified impact model with structural instability and large displacement and verified individual fuselage structure under crash event. This novel development methodology successfully produced an FE model to simulate crash of both aluminium alloy and FML fuselage under survivable crash event using ABAQUS/Explicit. On the other hand, this allows the author to have privilege to evaluate crashworthiness of fuselage that implements FML fuselage skin for the whole fuselage section for the first time in aircraft research field and industry. The FE models consist of a two station fuselage section with one meter longitudinal length which is based on commercial Boeing 737 aircraft. For FML fuselage, the classical aluminium alloy skin was replaced by GLARE grade 5-2/1. The impact response of both fuselages was compared to each other and the results were discussed in terms of energy dissipation, crushing distance, failure modes, failure mechanisms and acceleration response at floor-level. Overall, it was observed that FML fuselage responded similarly to aluminium alloy fuselage with some minor differences which conclusively gives great confidence to aircraft designer to use FML as fuselage skin for the whole fuselage section. In terms of crushing distance, FML fuselage skin contributed to the failure mechanisms of the fuselage section that lead to higher crushing distance than in aluminium alloy fuselage. The existence of various failure modes within FML caused slight differences from the aluminium fuselage in terms of deformation process and energy dissipation. These complex failure modes could potentially be manipulated to produce future aircraft structure with better crashworthiness performance.

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