The purpose of this review was to identify the history of and advances in cystic fibrosis (CF). New treatment plans, medication developments, and a historical perspective of airway clearance therapy (ACT) will be presented. The importance of treatment compliance and time management in the care of cystic fibrosis patients will also be discussed. Furthermore, the development of cystic fibrosis clinics and the pivotal role they play in the treatment of the disease will be addressed. Lastly, a brief discussion concerning the need for and process of lung transplantation will be reported.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal recessive hereditary disease and affects about one out of every 3,000 newborns. There is no cure for this disease. Patients rely on treatment on a daily basis like medical treatment with both tablets and inhaled medication, airway clearance therapy and physical exercise to slow the decline in lung function and prolong their lives.