Despite popular and scientific interest in mummies, very few studies of ancient Egyptian mummy collections, especially from the same area, have been conducted. As such, this research is the first comprehensive analysis of mummies from Akhmim, Egypt and is one of only a few studies that investigate a large mummy collection from both a biological and cultural point of view. A group of 25 mummies from the Akhmim Mummy Studies Consortium database was evaluated using computed tomography. Using computed tomography and the associated imaging software, two dimensional (2D) x-ray scan images were analyzed, then processed and edited to generate three dimensional (3D) models of each mummy. Both the 2D and 3D images of each mummy were used to collect both biological information and cultural data in a nondestructive manner. Results from this study indicated that the population of Akhmim was very diverse. Furthermore, this research both supports and challenges conventional wisdom on how ancient Egyptians were mummifying their dead.

La IXe province de Haute-Égypte a livré, depuis le début des fouilles de G. Maspero en 1884, un abondant mobilier funéraire inscrit (stèles, cercueils, tables d’offrande, statuettes, papyri…). Celui-ci comporte de nombreuses informations sur les toponymes, les cultes et les prêtrises de la région, et notamment ceux de la capitale provinciale Akhmîm, entre l’Ancien Empire et l’époque romaine. Cette documentation privée permet également d’esquisser une prosopographie. À ces textes s’ajoutent ceux issus des temples préservés de la région, mais aussi des sanctuaires d’autres provinces égyptiennes. Enfin, la province et ses cultes sont mentionnés dans diverses autres compositions religieuses ou funéraires. C’est autour de ce large corpus de textes concernant les cultes de la province que s’est constituée la recherche exposée dans cette thèse.Après une présentation archéologique des vestiges de la province et la définition des limites de celle-ci, l’analyse porte d’abord sur les toponymes relatifs aux cultes locaux. Il s’agit, dans la mesure du possible, de les localiser et de comprendre leur intégration dans le système cultuel provincial. Les divinités qui occupent ces sanctuaires font ensuite l’objet d’une étude qui a pour objectif de mettre en valeur la spécificité de leurs cultes dans la province, tandis que l’examen des nombreuses prêtrises qui se rencontrent dans la documentation privée permet de proposer une reconstitution de l’organisation hiérarchique du personnel du temple.La synthèse est enfin l’occasion de rassembler ces études thématiques dans une perspective diachronique : il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’évolution de la topographie religieuse et de l’organisation des cultes de la IXe province de Haute-Égypte à la lumière des sources disponibles, entre l’Ancien Empire et l’époque romaine, et de l’inscrire ainsi dans le cadre plus large du développement des cultes en Égypte. / Since G. Maspero began digging in the area in 1884, the IXth Upper-Egyptian province has yielded an abundance of inscribed funerary material (stelae, coffins, offering tables, figures, papyri…). These documents dating from the Old Kingdom to the Roman Period deliver many informations on the toponyms, the cults and the priestly titles of the province, and especially concerning its capital city, Akhmîm. They also constitute the basis of a prosopographical study of the priests. A complement to these objects may be found in other texts from the remaining temples of the area as well as from sanctuaries of some of the other provinces. Finally, the province and its cults are cited in other religious or funerary compositions. The research presented in this PhD dissertation is built around the study of this wide array of documents.Beginning with an archaeological survey of the province and the delimitation of its extent, the analysis then focuses on the various toponyms relating to the local cults. The goal is, as far as possible, to locate them and understand how they fit into the cultual system of the area. The study then focuses on the deities residing in these sanctuaries in order to highlight the specificities of their cults in the province, whilst the analysis of the numerous priestly titles mentionned in the private documentation aims at determining their role and status in the hierarchy of the temple staff.The final summary allows to gather those thematic studies in a diachronic perspective so as to point out the evolution of the religious topography and the cultual organisation of the cults of the IXth Upper-Egyptian province in light of the available sources between the Old Kingdom and the Roman Period, in order to replace it in the wider context of the cultic development in ancient Egypt.