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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo das propriedades magnetostrictivas da liga (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 obtida por solidificação direcional / Study of magnetostrictive properties of alloy (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 obtained by directional solidification

Machado, Vagner de Oliveira 10 January 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram obtidas barras da liga (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 por solidificação direcional (SD), nos diâmetros de 3 e 4 mm, com o objetivo de melhorar a magnetostricção desse material através da introdução de textura. As etapas de produção das barras envolveram a fabricação de lingotes da liga por fusão a arco L1, L2 e L6, seguida de usinagem (U) ou forjamento rotativo (F) a quente. O maior comprimento de barra obtido foi de 50 mm. Através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise de composição por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva, detectou-se a presença de boro nas amostras pela visualização do microconstituinte eutético formado da fase ? e da fase Fe2B. Resultados obtidos por difração de raios X indicam que a amostra da liga L1 para o diâmetro de 4 mm apresentou orientação preferencial nas direções , o que causou uma diminução expressiva da magnetostricção se comparada a da amostra do mesmo lingote para o diâmetro de 3 mm. Medidas de magnetização em função do campo magnético aplicado (Ha) indicaram que a magnetização de saturação das amostras que têm boro são em média 181 Am2/kg, sugerindo que as amostras tem ~ 2% de B. A barras obtidas por SD, tratadas termicamente (CTT) a 1100°C por 6 h, alcançaram uma maior magnetostricção (? = ?l/l), comparada as amostras sem tratamento térmico (STT), no qual o maior valor foi de 73 ? 10-6 na direção longitudinal da barra L1 forjada no diâmetro de 3 mm (L1F3-CTT). O maior fator de sensibilidade d?/dH obtido em função do comprimento da barra L1F3 foi de d?/dH = 0,9 x 10-9 m/A para a razão de aspecto ? = 12. Valor da constante anisotrópica K1 calculada a partir dos resultados experimentais se comparadas com dados da literatura, sugerem que em algumas amostras ocorre ordenamento parcial da fase cúbica da matriz, havendo assim a coexistência das fases Fe3Al (D03) e ?. / In this work, bars of the alloy (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 were obtained by directional solidification (DS) in diameters of 3 and 4 mm, with the goal of improving the magnetostriction of the material through the introduction of texture. Production steps of the bars involved the manufacture of the alloy ingots, L1, L2, L6, by arc melting, then machining (M) or hot swaging (F). The greatest length that was achieved in a bar was 50 mm. The presence of boron in the samples was identified by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, due to the presence of an eutectic microstructure that has dendrites and a microconstituent formed of phases ? and Fe2B. Results obtained by X-ray diffraction indicates that the bar L1 at the diameter of 4 mm showed preferential orientation in the directions , which caused a significant decrease of the magnetostriction compared to the same sample of the bar of diameter 3 mm. Magnetization measurements as a function of applied magnetic field (Ha) reveal that the saturation magnetization of the samples having boron is in average 181 Am2/kg, suggesting that the samples have ~ 2% of boron. The bars obtained by DS, thermally treated (CTT ) at 1100 ° C for 6 h, achieved higher magnetostrictions (? = ?l/l) compared to the samples without heat treatment.The highest value was 73 ? 10-6 was obtained in the longitudinal direction of the bar L1F in the diameter of 3 mm (L1F3-CTT). The maximum sensitivity factor d?/dH found as a function of the bars lengths was d?/dH = 0.9 x 10-9 m/A for an aspect ratio of ? = 12. Values of anisotropic constant K1, calculated using experimental results suggest that in some samples occur partial ordering of the cubic phase matrix , so there is the coexistence of phases Fe3Al ( D03 ) and ?.
2

Estudo das propriedades magnetostrictivas da liga (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 obtida por solidificação direcional / Study of magnetostrictive properties of alloy (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 obtained by directional solidification

Vagner de Oliveira Machado 10 January 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram obtidas barras da liga (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 por solidificação direcional (SD), nos diâmetros de 3 e 4 mm, com o objetivo de melhorar a magnetostricção desse material através da introdução de textura. As etapas de produção das barras envolveram a fabricação de lingotes da liga por fusão a arco L1, L2 e L6, seguida de usinagem (U) ou forjamento rotativo (F) a quente. O maior comprimento de barra obtido foi de 50 mm. Através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise de composição por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva, detectou-se a presença de boro nas amostras pela visualização do microconstituinte eutético formado da fase ? e da fase Fe2B. Resultados obtidos por difração de raios X indicam que a amostra da liga L1 para o diâmetro de 4 mm apresentou orientação preferencial nas direções , o que causou uma diminução expressiva da magnetostricção se comparada a da amostra do mesmo lingote para o diâmetro de 3 mm. Medidas de magnetização em função do campo magnético aplicado (Ha) indicaram que a magnetização de saturação das amostras que têm boro são em média 181 Am2/kg, sugerindo que as amostras tem ~ 2% de B. A barras obtidas por SD, tratadas termicamente (CTT) a 1100°C por 6 h, alcançaram uma maior magnetostricção (? = ?l/l), comparada as amostras sem tratamento térmico (STT), no qual o maior valor foi de 73 ? 10-6 na direção longitudinal da barra L1 forjada no diâmetro de 3 mm (L1F3-CTT). O maior fator de sensibilidade d?/dH obtido em função do comprimento da barra L1F3 foi de d?/dH = 0,9 x 10-9 m/A para a razão de aspecto ? = 12. Valor da constante anisotrópica K1 calculada a partir dos resultados experimentais se comparadas com dados da literatura, sugerem que em algumas amostras ocorre ordenamento parcial da fase cúbica da matriz, havendo assim a coexistência das fases Fe3Al (D03) e ?. / In this work, bars of the alloy (Fe0,80Al0,20)97B3 were obtained by directional solidification (DS) in diameters of 3 and 4 mm, with the goal of improving the magnetostriction of the material through the introduction of texture. Production steps of the bars involved the manufacture of the alloy ingots, L1, L2, L6, by arc melting, then machining (M) or hot swaging (F). The greatest length that was achieved in a bar was 50 mm. The presence of boron in the samples was identified by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, due to the presence of an eutectic microstructure that has dendrites and a microconstituent formed of phases ? and Fe2B. Results obtained by X-ray diffraction indicates that the bar L1 at the diameter of 4 mm showed preferential orientation in the directions , which caused a significant decrease of the magnetostriction compared to the same sample of the bar of diameter 3 mm. Magnetization measurements as a function of applied magnetic field (Ha) reveal that the saturation magnetization of the samples having boron is in average 181 Am2/kg, suggesting that the samples have ~ 2% of boron. The bars obtained by DS, thermally treated (CTT ) at 1100 ° C for 6 h, achieved higher magnetostrictions (? = ?l/l) compared to the samples without heat treatment.The highest value was 73 ? 10-6 was obtained in the longitudinal direction of the bar L1F in the diameter of 3 mm (L1F3-CTT). The maximum sensitivity factor d?/dH found as a function of the bars lengths was d?/dH = 0.9 x 10-9 m/A for an aspect ratio of ? = 12. Values of anisotropic constant K1, calculated using experimental results suggest that in some samples occur partial ordering of the cubic phase matrix , so there is the coexistence of phases Fe3Al ( D03 ) and ?.
3

Otimização de propriedades piezomagnéticas de ligas de Fe-Al-B para utilização como atuador e sensor de força / Optimization of the piezomagnetic properties of Fe-Al-B alloys for use in the force actuators and sensors

Dias, Mateus Botani de Souza 18 September 2017 (has links)
Materiais magnetostrictivos, como o TERFENOL-D (Tb0,27-0,30Dy0,73-0,70Fe2) e o GALFENOL (Fe72-82Ga18-28), são aplicados em diversos tipos de atuadores, sensores e coletores de energia. Contudo, existe a necessidade de novos materiais que sejam mais baratos, ambientalmente amigáveis e com melhores propriedades mecânicas. Por essa razão, as ligas de Fe-Al são uma alternativa, já que o alumínio é mais abundante na natureza e é sete vezes mais barato que o gálio. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a influência de dois tratamentos termomecânicos nas propriedades magnéticas das ligas (Fe1-xAlx)98,4B1,6, onde x = 0,18; 0,13 e 0,21. No primeiro processamento, as ligas foram submetidas a um tratamento térmico sob compressão para introduzir uma anisotropia magnetocristalina extrínseca. Para compressões de até 180 MPa, as ligas tratadas sob tensão obtiveram valores de magnetostricção e dos coeficientes piezomagnéticos maiores que o das ligas sem tratamento. Ou seja, este processamento aumentou a sensibilidade das ligas como atuador (d33) e sensor (d33 *). No segundo processamento termomecânico, amostras com formato de chapa foram laminadas e tratadas termicamente para induzir um crescimento anormal de grãos e consequentemente uma textura. Embora não tenha ocorrido crescimento de grão anormal durante o tratamento térmico, os valores de magnetostricção foram maiores que o das amostras como fundidas. Ambos processamentos termomecânicos foram efetivos para melhorar as propriedades magnéticas e a liga (Fe0,87Al0,13)98,4B1,6 foi a que obteve os maiores valores de magnetostricção e dos coeficientes piezomagnéticos. Em outras palavras, dentre as ligas estudadas, esta composição foi mais promissora para ser aplicada em atuadores e sensores. / Magnetostrictive materials, like TERFENOL-D (Tb0.27-0.30Dy0.73-0.70Fe2) and GALFENOL (Fe72-82Ga18-28), are applied in several types of sensors, actuators and energy harvesting. Nevertheless, there is the necessity of new materials that are cheaper, environmentally friendly and with good mechanical properties. For that reason, the Fe-Al alloys are an alternative, since the aluminum is more abundant in nature and is seven times cheaper than gallium. The goal of this work is to study the influence of two thermomechanical proceeding at magnetic properties of the (Fe1- xAlx)98.4B1.6 alloys, which x = 0.18; 0.13 e 0.21. At the first proceeding, the alloys were submitted to a stress annealing to introduce an extrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Up to 180 MPa of compression stress, stress annealed alloys have magnetostriction and piezomagnetic coefficient values higher than the alloys without annealing. In other words, this proceeding increased the alloys sensibility to be applied like actuators (d33) and sensors (d33 *). At the second thermomechanical proceeding, samples with sheet format were rolled and annealed to induce an abnormal grain growth and, consequently, a texture. Although the annealing not produced an abnormal grain growth, the magnetostriction values are higher than for the as-cast samples. Both proceedings were efficient to improve the magnetic properties and the (Fe0.87Al0.13)98.4B1.6 alloy achieved the higher values of magnetostriction and piezomagnetic coefficient. In another words, between the studied alloys, this composition was the most promising to be applied like actuators and sensors.
4

Otimização de propriedades piezomagnéticas de ligas de Fe-Al-B para utilização como atuador e sensor de força / Optimization of the piezomagnetic properties of Fe-Al-B alloys for use in the force actuators and sensors

Mateus Botani de Souza Dias 18 September 2017 (has links)
Materiais magnetostrictivos, como o TERFENOL-D (Tb0,27-0,30Dy0,73-0,70Fe2) e o GALFENOL (Fe72-82Ga18-28), são aplicados em diversos tipos de atuadores, sensores e coletores de energia. Contudo, existe a necessidade de novos materiais que sejam mais baratos, ambientalmente amigáveis e com melhores propriedades mecânicas. Por essa razão, as ligas de Fe-Al são uma alternativa, já que o alumínio é mais abundante na natureza e é sete vezes mais barato que o gálio. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a influência de dois tratamentos termomecânicos nas propriedades magnéticas das ligas (Fe1-xAlx)98,4B1,6, onde x = 0,18; 0,13 e 0,21. No primeiro processamento, as ligas foram submetidas a um tratamento térmico sob compressão para introduzir uma anisotropia magnetocristalina extrínseca. Para compressões de até 180 MPa, as ligas tratadas sob tensão obtiveram valores de magnetostricção e dos coeficientes piezomagnéticos maiores que o das ligas sem tratamento. Ou seja, este processamento aumentou a sensibilidade das ligas como atuador (d33) e sensor (d33 *). No segundo processamento termomecânico, amostras com formato de chapa foram laminadas e tratadas termicamente para induzir um crescimento anormal de grãos e consequentemente uma textura. Embora não tenha ocorrido crescimento de grão anormal durante o tratamento térmico, os valores de magnetostricção foram maiores que o das amostras como fundidas. Ambos processamentos termomecânicos foram efetivos para melhorar as propriedades magnéticas e a liga (Fe0,87Al0,13)98,4B1,6 foi a que obteve os maiores valores de magnetostricção e dos coeficientes piezomagnéticos. Em outras palavras, dentre as ligas estudadas, esta composição foi mais promissora para ser aplicada em atuadores e sensores. / Magnetostrictive materials, like TERFENOL-D (Tb0.27-0.30Dy0.73-0.70Fe2) and GALFENOL (Fe72-82Ga18-28), are applied in several types of sensors, actuators and energy harvesting. Nevertheless, there is the necessity of new materials that are cheaper, environmentally friendly and with good mechanical properties. For that reason, the Fe-Al alloys are an alternative, since the aluminum is more abundant in nature and is seven times cheaper than gallium. The goal of this work is to study the influence of two thermomechanical proceeding at magnetic properties of the (Fe1- xAlx)98.4B1.6 alloys, which x = 0.18; 0.13 e 0.21. At the first proceeding, the alloys were submitted to a stress annealing to introduce an extrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Up to 180 MPa of compression stress, stress annealed alloys have magnetostriction and piezomagnetic coefficient values higher than the alloys without annealing. In other words, this proceeding increased the alloys sensibility to be applied like actuators (d33) and sensors (d33 *). At the second thermomechanical proceeding, samples with sheet format were rolled and annealed to induce an abnormal grain growth and, consequently, a texture. Although the annealing not produced an abnormal grain growth, the magnetostriction values are higher than for the as-cast samples. Both proceedings were efficient to improve the magnetic properties and the (Fe0.87Al0.13)98.4B1.6 alloy achieved the higher values of magnetostriction and piezomagnetic coefficient. In another words, between the studied alloys, this composition was the most promising to be applied like actuators and sensors.
5

Crystallisation Processing of Al-base Alloys

Fjellstedt, Carl Jonas January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
6

Crystallisation Processing of Al-base Alloys

Fjellstedt, Carl Jonas January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
7

Κλάδοι επιρροής στην ελληνική βιομηχανία : μια ανάλυση διασυνδέσεων στο πλαίσιο πινάκων εισροών-εκροών

Βογιαντζή, Μαρίνα 05 May 2009 (has links)
Στη παρούσα εργασία περιλαμβάνονται 4 ενότητες. Στην πρώτη ενότητα εισάγεται το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο του προβλήματος που εξετάζεται, η περιγραφή του πίνακα εισροών-εκροών κατά Leontief, η μεθοδολογία της μήτρας των τεχνολογικών συντελεστών και της αντίστροφης μήτρας του Leontif. Στην δεύτερη ενότητα γίνεται μια εισαγωγή στους κλάδους κλειδιά και στους δείκτες οριζόντιων και κάθετων διασυνδέσεων. Επίσης παρουσιάζονται οι δείκτες chenery-watanabe, rasmussen, cuello et al (a) και cuello et al (b) και επιχειρείται μία αξιολόγηση-κριτική τους. Στην τρίτη ενότητα εξηγείται η διαδικασία συλλογής των δεδομένων και η συγκρότηση του πίνακα εισροών-εκροών(OECD). Επίσης παρουσιάζεται η ανάλυση των δεδομένων για τους δείκτες chenery-watanabe, rasmussen, cuello et al (a) και cuello et al (b) καθώς και η μεταξύ τους σύγκριση ως προς τους κλάδους κλειδιά. Τέλος, στην τέταρτη ενότητα παρουσιάζονται και αξιολογούνται τα συμπεράσματα της εργασίας. Οι δείκτες είναι ο λόγος του μέσου πολλαπλασιαστή της γραμμής (οριζόντιες διασυνδέσεις)-στήλης (κάθετες διασυνδέσεις) προς τον μέσο πολλαπλασιαστή του πίνακα. Ως κλάδοι-κλειδιά ορίζονται αυτοί όπου οι δείκτες των οριζόντιων και κάθετων διασυνδέων έχουν τιμές πάνω από την μονάδα. Ως κλάδοι κλειδιά με βάση την ανάλυση δεδομένων των μη σταθμισμένων δεικτών ορίζονται οι κλάδοι 7, 8, 9, 13, 18 και οι κλάδοι 11 (chenery-watanabe) και 15(rasmussen) ενώ με βάση την ανάλυση σταθμισμένων δεικτών είναι οι κλάδοι 1, 4, 5, 9, 30, 31, 32, 39, 44, 46 και 45 (cuello et al (a))και 13, 38 (cuello et al (b)).Στην συνέχεια γίνεται μία σύγκριση στα αποτελέσματα μεταξυ των σταθμισμένων και μη σταθμισμένων δεικτών στους κλάδους κλειδια με βάση ομοιότητες και διαφορές στις οριζόντιες και κάθετες διασυνδέσεις τους και εξάγονται συμπεράσματα. / The present paper includes 4 parts.The first part includes the theoritical background of the problem to be examined, the description of the input-output table by Leontief, the methodology of the technical coefficients matrix and the inverse Leontief matrix. In the second part is presented an introduction to the Key sectors and into the indices of forward and backward linkages. Moreover the Chenery-Watanabe, Rasmussen, Cuello et al (a) and Cuello et al (b) are presented and their evaluation and assessment is attempted. In the third part the procedure of the data collection is explained as well as the creation of the imput-output matrix (OECD). The analysis of the data coming from the indices chenery-watanabe, rasmussen, cuello et al (a) and cuello et al (b)is illustrated as well as their among comparison concerning the Key sectors. Finally in the fourth part the conclusions of the project are presented. The indices are a ratio of the average multiplier of the row(forward linkages)-colums (backward linkages) divided to the average multiplier of the table. The Key sectors are those whose indices which refer to the forward and backward linkages have result over the unit. As key sectors according to chenery-watanabe and rasmussen are the sectors 7, 8, 9, 13, 18 and the sector 11 (chenery-watanabe) and 15 (rasmussen)while according to the cuello at al (a) and cuello et al (b) are the sectors 1, 4, 5, 9, 30, 31, 32, 39, 44, 46 and 45 (cuello et al (a) and 13, 38 (cuello et al (b)). A comparison concerning the results among the indices, specially for key sectors is attempted, according to simmilarities and differances of the forward and backward linkages.

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