Behaviour of Group III (Al) and IV (Sn) metals on Si(100) surface was studied by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy in a temperature range from 115 K to 350 K. Evolution of the length of Sn chains at room and elevated temperatures was studied by the method of repeated line scans. Activation energies and the respective frequency prefactors for detachment of different individual atoms from the chains' terminations were obtained by means of statistical processing. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were used to obtain activation energies for hops of Sn adatoms on the Si(100) surface at room temperature by fitting experimentally measured growth characteristics of Sn/Si(100). Three basic Al objects observed by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy at room temperature on Si(100) were identified and thoroughly described. Direct observation of Al adatom hopping on Si(100)-c(4x2) at 115 K was used to evaluate the activation energies for individual hops in directions parallel with Si dimer rows and perpendicular to Si dimer rows. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were used to obtain activation energies for hops of Al adatoms on the Si(100) surface at room temperature by fitting experimentally measured growth characteristics of Al/Si(100).

Das Ziel der Dissertation ist die Charakterisierung und Optimierung der Prozessbedingungen beim Hochgeschwindigkeitsdrahtflammspritzen. Dazu werden diagnostische Methoden wie das LDA-Verfahren, die Bewertung von Schichten und numerische Betrachtungen herangezogen. Verschiedene Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe wie Massiv- und Fülldrähte sowie hoch- und niedrigschmelzende Materialien werden verarbeitet. Zur Bewertung der Gebrauchseigenschaften erfolgen Korrosions- und Verschleißtests. Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen resultieren Hinweise und Konzepte zur Verbesserung der Brennertechnik. Die Entwicklung eines neuen HVCW-Systems wird vorgestellt, welches Spritzpartikelgeschwindigkeiten im Überschallbereich ermöglicht, die deutlich über denen klassischer Systeme liegen. In einem gesonderten Abschnitt der Dissertation wird ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Herstellung hydrolysefähigen Materials vorgestellt. Der hergestellte Al-Sn-Werkstoff zersetzt sich in Kontakt mit Wasser unter Abgabe großer Mengen Wasserstoff in kürzester Zeit vollständig.

Orientador: Amauri Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cruz_KleberAugustinSabatda_D.pdf: 13994845 bytes, checksum: c0766efdbf4acbaf7d07b0db50f1fe52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A procura por relações funcionais correlacionando parâmetros microestruturais e o comportamento mecânico de ligas metálicas é fundamental para a pré-programação do produto final. O presente estudo pretende contribuir para o entendimento sobre a influência dos parâmetros microestruturais na resistência ao desgaste e nas propriedades mecânicas de ligas de dois sistemas binários: AI-Sn e AI-Si. Tais ligas são bastante usadas em aplicações de engenharia, tais como mancais e camisas de cilindro de motores de combustão, respectivamente. Apesar do grande uso das ligas do sistema AI-Sn como material tribológico, são escassos os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento microestrutural destas ligas na literatura. Neste estudo, quatro ligas hipoeutéticas do sistema AI-Sn e três ligas hipoeutéticas do sistema AI-Si foram submetidas a solidificação unidirecional, na direção vertical e sentido ascendente, sob condições transitórias de fluxo de calor. Os espaçamentos dendríticos primários (À1) e secundários (À2) foram medidos nas direçõe.s transversal e longitudinal dos lingotes, respectivamente, e correlacionados com as variáveis térmicas que atuaram durante a solidificação. Uma abordagem teórico-experimental foi desenvolvida para determinar quantitativamente_as variáveis térmicas, tais como: coeficiente de transferência de calor na interface metal/molde, velocidade de deslocamento da isoterma liquidus, gradientes térmicos, taxa de resfriamento e tempo local de solidificação. Este estudo também aborda a influência do teor de soluto nos espaçamentos dendríticos das ligas estudadas. Os dados experimentais obtidos, concementes à solidificação das ligas AI-Sn, são comparados com modelos de crescimento dendrítico existentes na literatura. O comportamento mecânico das ligas AI-Sn e AI-Si foi analisado por meio de ensaios de tração e de desgaste. O ensaio de desgaste utilizado foi o ensaio de micro-abrasão por esfera rotativa fixa, sob condições a seco (sem óleo lubrificante ou solução abrasiva). As amostras submetidas aos ensaios de desgaste foram retiradas na direção transversal dos lingotes. A condição a seco foi adotada para impedir a interferência de elementos interfaciais na resposta da microestrutura com relação ao desgaste mecânico. O volume de desgaste é o parâmetro quantificador da resistência ao desgaste e, são obtidas equações que correlacionam o volume de desgaste com espaçamentos dendríticos, levando em consideração o tempo de ensaio, que está relacionado com a distância de deslizamento. / Abstract: The search for relationships between microstructural parameters and mechanical behavior of alloys is fundamental for the pre-programming of final properties of as-cast components. The present study aims to contribute to the understanding about the influence of microstructural parameters on the wear resistance and mechanical properties of alloys of two binary systems: Al-Sn and AI-Si. Such alloys are widely used in engineering applications, especially as bearing components such as journal bearings and cylinder liners, respectively. Despite the wide use of Al-Sn alloys as bearing materiaIs studies on the microstructural development of such alloys are rare.. In the present study, four Al-Sn and three AI-Si hypoeutectic alloys were directionally solidified under upward unsteady state heat flow conditions. The primary (1,,1) and secondary (Â.2) dendrite arm spacings were measured along the castings length and correlated with transient solidification thermal variables. A combined theoretical and experimental approach has been used to quantitatively determine such thermal variables, i.e., transient metaVmold heat transfer coefficients, tip growth rates, thermal gradients, tip cooling rates and local solidifÍcation time. This study also focuses on the dependence of dendrite arm spacings on the alloy solute content. Furthermore, the experimental data conceming the solidification of AI -Sn alloys are compared with the main predictive dendritic models from the literature. The mechanical behaviors ofthe AI-Sn and AlSi alloys were analyzed by wear and tensile tests. Micro-abrasive wear tests under dry sliding conditions and by using a fixed rotating sphere were applied to transversal samples collected along the casting. The dry condition is adopted to prevent effects of interfacial elements such as abrasive slurry or lubricant oil on the microstructural response during the tests. The wear volume was used to evaluate the wear resistance. Afterwards, equations correlating the wear volume and the dendritic arm spacing have been proposed taking into account the influence of time (sliding distance). / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Das Ziel der Dissertation ist die Charakterisierung und Optimierung der Prozessbedingungen beim Hochgeschwindigkeitsdrahtflammspritzen. Dazu werden diagnostische Methoden wie das LDA-Verfahren, die Bewertung von Schichten und numerische Betrachtungen herangezogen. Verschiedene Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe wie Massiv- und Fülldrähte sowie hoch- und niedrigschmelzende Materialien werden verarbeitet. Zur Bewertung der Gebrauchseigenschaften erfolgen Korrosions- und Verschleißtests. Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen resultieren Hinweise und Konzepte zur Verbesserung der Brennertechnik. Die Entwicklung eines neuen HVCW-Systems wird vorgestellt, welches Spritzpartikelgeschwindigkeiten im Überschallbereich ermöglicht, die deutlich über denen klassischer Systeme liegen. In einem gesonderten Abschnitt der Dissertation wird ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Herstellung hydrolysefähigen Materials vorgestellt. Der hergestellte Al-Sn-Werkstoff zersetzt sich in Kontakt mit Wasser unter Abgabe großer Mengen Wasserstoff in kürzester Zeit vollständig.