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Alberto Ginastera (1916-1983) was one of the leading South American composers of the twentieth century. Born in Argentina at a time when his country was striving to achieve a national identity and culture, Ginastera was recognized for combining the techniques of Western European art music with elements of Argentine folk music. His piano sonatas, composed during both his early and late periods, serve as excellent examples of this cultural synthesis throughout the course of his career. The Sonata No. 1 for Piano Op. 22 (1954), Sonata No. 2 for Piano Op. 53 (1981), and Sonata No. 3 for Piano Op. 54 (1982) have been analyzed and discussed in recent scholarship. Theorists have identified Western techniques such as sonata-rondo form, serialism, and symmetry in his compositions. Yet, when addressing rhythm, scholars have focused primarily on highlighting the Argentine dance or Amerindian rhythm that the music exemplifies and have neglected to apply Western analytical tools for analyzing rhythm. The goal of this paper is to approach rhythm and meter in the piano sonatas from a new perspective in order to identify Ginastera’s Western European musical techniques. Attention will be given to Ginastera’s use of and denial of metric hierarchy and periodicity. The paper will also focus on consonant and dissonant rhythms in the piano sonatas, as well as additive and subtractive rhythms. Because any discussion of rhythm and meter in Ginastera’s music cannot ignore its nationalistic origins, the paper provides an introductory chapter that discusses Argentine dance iii rhythms. However, the bulk of the paper aims to provide analyses from a Western art music viewpoint that illustrate Ginastera’s compositional manipulation of rhythm and meter.

The guitar chord (a sonority based on the open strings of the guitar) is one of Alberto Ginastera's compositional trademarks. The use of the guitar chord expands throughout forty years, creating a common link between different compositional stages and techniques. Chapters I and II provide the historical and technical background on Ginastera's life, oeuvre and scholar research. Chapter IV explores the origins of the guitar chord and compares it to similar specific sonorities used by different composers to express extra-musical ideas. Chapter V discusses Ginastera's initial uses and modifications of the guitar chord. Chapter VI explores the use of the guitar chord as a referential sonority based on Variaciones Concertantes, Op. 23: I-II, examining vertical (subsets) and horizontal (derivation of motives) aspects. Chapter VII explores uses of trichords and hexachords derived from the guitar chord in the Sonata for Guitar Op. 47.

When Alberto Ginastera's oeuvre is viewed as a whole, an essential continuity between compositional ideas often appears in different works. This is especially apparent in the three piano sonatas, where each sonata represents an evolution and a condensation of ideas occurring in the previous one. The evolution of ideas throughout the three sonatas takes place through two primary processes. The first is a shift in cultural focus from reliance on Ibero-American material in the first sonata (1952) to Amerindian in the second (1981), to a synthesis of the two cultural elements in the third (1982). The second means of evolution from sonata to sonata is through a process of symmetrization. Along with constructions using symmetrical scales, material in each of the three sonatas is subjected to various symmetrical procedures which correspond musically to basic geometric symmetry types or operations (bilateral, rotational, and translatory, for instance). The decreasing number of movements evidences a negative dilatation of material, moving from four movements in the first sonata to three in the second, to one in the third. In each case, corresponding material from the previous sonata is integrated into the following sonata. Both independently and as a group the three piano sonatas exhibit "invariance under a transformation."

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-08Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000795615.pdf: 1358473 bytes, checksum: 1244e30fac47b363ca8abe119f4ab969 (MD5) / A partir das trajetórias artísticas dos compositores Alberto Ginastera e Camargo Guarnieri, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os desdobramentos do nacionalismo e das vanguardas musicais na Argentina e no Brasil, de 1930 a 1960. Desenvolveremos, assim, um enfoque comparado entre esses dois países de modo que essas trajetórias sejam analisadas em consonância com paradigmas intelectuais mais amplos – inclusive internacionais - que terminaram por privilegiar determinadas formas estéticas nos diferentes períodos abordados. Acreditamos, nesta medida, que as opções artísticas de Ginastera e Guarnieri estão relacionadas ao passado musical de suas respectivas sociedades, daí a importância de se discutir a história cultural argentina e a brasileira, assim como o lugar e a força que os movimentos nacionalistas e as estéticas de vanguarda lá encontraram / From the artistic careers of composers Alberto Ginastera and Camargo Guarnieri, this essay aims to analyze the consequences of nationalism and musical ―avant-garde‖ in Argentina and Brazil from 1930 to 1960. So, we will develop a focus compared between these two countries in a way that these trajectories can be analyzed in line with broader intellectual paradigms – including international ones - that ended up favoring certain aesthetic forms in different periods covered. We believe that the artistic options of Ginastera and Guarnieri are related to the musical past of their respective societies, hence the importance of discussing the Argentine and Brazilian cultural history, as well as the place and the strength that the nationalist movements and ―avantgarde‖ aesthetics forms found there

Latin American classical vocal repertoire is vast, but in the United States, we only hear a fairly limited part of this literature. Much of this repertoire blends western European classical music traditions and native folk music traditions. One example of such a Latin American vocal work that is well-known in the United States is Alberto Ginastera's frequently performed song set from 1943, Cinco canciones populares argentinas. However, another lesser-known, earlier work, Cinco canciones argentinas (1923), by fellow Argentine composer Pascual De Rogatis (1880-1980) deserves attention as well. As with Ginastera's set, De Rogatis' songs are based on Argentine folk genres, but contain stylistic features of European classical music of its time. De Rogatis' neglected songs are a significant, overlooked part of Argentine classical music history, and a full understanding of well-known works such as Ginastera's song set and of the genre as a whole, must include attention to De Rogatis' Cinco canciones argentinas. Beyond vocal repertoire, De Rogatis' songs are an important part of the development of Argentine classical music. While Western musical trends change rapidly, folk music remains largely unchanged. Both De Rogatis and Ginastera were proud of their Argentine heritage, and incorporated traditional music into their compositions. I believe that De Rogatis's composition had a direct influence on Ginastera, and that the similarities between the two sets are not coincidental.