Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar, por meio de dois estudos, o consumo de álcool por estudantes de Odontologia no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No primeiro estudo, no qual foram incluídos estudantes de todas as faculdades ou cursos de Odontologia do Estado, foram avaliadas possíveis associações entre variáveis preditoras, tais como idade, sexo, cor, estado civil, residência durante o período letivo, escolaridade dos pais e consumo de álcool pelos mesmos com o consumo de bebidas pelos estudantes. No segundo, a intensidade do consumo de álcool foi relacionada ao desempenho acadêmico, e a amostra foi constituída pelos estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Campus Canoas. Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizados dois questionários anônimos de autopreenchimento, um adaptado de um formulário do CEBRID (Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas), para o primeiro estudo, e o AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) para o segundo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas, gráficos, estatísticas descritivas e testes estatísticos de associação Qui-quadrado, Teste Exato de Fischer e Análise da Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. No primeiro estudo, a amostragem foi de 1055 alunos, 70,8% deles com idade entre 19 e 24 anos, 69,8% do sexo feminino, 91,6% de cor branca, 91,9% solteiros e 52,4% residentes com os pais. Aproximadamente a metade dos pais e mães têm curso superior, e a distribuição entre semestres foi equilibrada. A cerveja já foi consumida por 75,3% dos pesquisados, e a metade relata ter bebido vodca com ou sem energético, vinho ou espumante. A vodca com ou sem energético teve consumo associado à idade de até 24 anos e o vinho, de 25 a 30 anos. O espumante foi mais relacionado com o sexo feminino, e os solteiros mais associados a todas as outras bebidas exceto vinho. No segundo estudo, com 218 alunos, 81,7% foram considerados abstinentes ou consumidores sem risco; contudo, 17,4% fazem uso de risco ou nocivo e 0,9% são dependentes. Maiores escores AUDIT estão relacionados a maior número de repetências. Um elevado percentual de estudantes faz uso de bebidas alcoólicas, e foram identificadas associações com variáveis preditoras, indicando a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de prevenção e proteção. / This research aims to evaluate, through two studies, alcohol consumption by dental students in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the first one, approaching students from all dental courses of Rio Grande do Sul, the focus were possible associations between predictive factors - such as age, gender, color, civil state, place of residence, graduation level of the parents and alcohol consumption by the parents – with the students´ drinking habits. In the second study, the level of alcohol abuse was related to academic performance and, in this case, the sample were dental students from Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Canoas campus. Two self-filled anonymous questionnaires were used for data gathering: one by the Brazilian Centre of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) by the World Health Organization. Analysis of the data were made by the use of charts, graphics, descriptive statistics and statistic association tests Qui-quadrado, Fischer´s Exact Test and Pearson´s Correlation Analysis with sugnificancy level of 5%. On the first study, the sample was composed by 1055 students, 70.8% of them between 19 and 24 years old, 69.8% female, 91.6% white, 91.9% single and 52.4% living with parents. Approximately half of the mothers and fathers have graduated, and the distribution among the semesters was even. Beer have been used by 75.3% of the sample, and half of them have already drank vodka, wine or sparkling wine. Vodka, with or without the mixture of an energy drink, was consumed by those no more than 24 years old, and wine, by those between 25 and 30 years old. Sparkling wine is associated to women. Singles are associated with all other kinds of beverage except from wine. On the second study, with 218 students, 81.7% were considered abstentious or off-risk consumers. However, 17.4% are risky or harmful users and 0.9% are alcohol dependents. Higher AUDIT scores are related to academic failure. A high percentage of students use alcohol regularly and associations with various predictive factors were identified, indicating the need to place strategies of prevention and protection.

Orientador: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos / Banca: João Bosco Faria / Banca: Leonor de Castro Monteiro Loffredo / Banca: Cintia Alessandra Matiucci Pereira / Banca: Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso Garcia / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência do alcoolismo e sua associação com os indicadores antropométricos do estado nutricional e com as características sócio-demográficas de moradores do município de Araraquara, SP, maiores de 18 anos de idade. Adotou-se delineamento amostral probabilístico estratificado segundo setor censitário e sexo. Participaram do estudo 1.710 indivíduos. Foram realizadas entrevistas por telefone por um único examinador. Como instrumento de rastreamento utilizou-se o teste de identificação das desordens relacionadas ao uso de álcool (AUDIT). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Para estudo das associações de interesse utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado (χ2). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5,00%. A amostra foi composta por 50,00% de homens e os participantes eram predominantemente casados (62,98%), nível econômico C (42,05%), nível de escolaridade colegial completo ou superior incompleto (37,89%), com religião (89,59%), trabalhadores (58,95%), que relataram não ser tabagistas (87,43%) e estado nutricional eutrófico (46,67%). Verificou-se elevado número de indivíduos com excesso de peso (51,01%). Dos entrevistados, 21,52% foram classificados como abstêmios, 60,06% como consumidores de bebida alcoólica moderados e 18,42% apresentaram comportamento de beber de risco. Houve associação significativa entre o padrão de consumo de bebida alcoólica e o sexo (χ2=154,105, p=0,001), nível econômico (χ2=7,469, p=0,024), religião (χ2=12,360, p=0,001), trabalho (χ2=28,795, p=0,001), tabagismo (χ2=28,486, p=0,001) e estado nutricional (χ2=9,357, p=0,009). O comportamento de beber em binge foi observado em 11,40% dos participantes. Houve associação significativa entre o comportamento de beber em binge e o sexo (χ2=96,323, p=0,001), nível econômico (χ2=9,297, p=0,010), nível de escolaridade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aimed to study the prevalence of alcoholism associated with anthropometrical indices from the nutritional status as well as its relation to demographic characteristics of inhabitants over 18 years old from Araraquara, SP. The experiment design consisted of selecting samples from probabilistic stratified analysis according to census sectors and gender. A total of 1,710 adults were included in this study. It was performed interviews by telephone, all made by one person. As screening test it was applied the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. In order to verify the associations of interest it was applied the chi-square test (χ2). The significance level implemented was 5.00%. The sample was composed of 50.00% of men and the participants were predominantly married (62.98%), social class C (42.05%), high school level complete or graduation incomplete (37.89%), participant in some religion (89.59%), workers (58.95%), non-smokers (87.43%) and eutrophic nutritional status (46.67%). It was verified high number of overweight individuals (51.01%). From all interviewed, 21.52% were classified as abstainers, 60.06% as moderate drinkers and 18.42% presented risk drinking behavior. There was significant association between drinking alcohol pattern and gender (χ2=154.105, p=0.001), economical level (χ2=7.469, p=0.024), religion (χ2=12.360, p=0.001), occupation (χ2=28.795, p=0.001), smoking habit (χ2=28.486, p=0.001) and nutritional status (χ2=9.357, p=0.009). The binge drinking behavior was observed in 11.40% of the participants. There was significant association between binge drinking behavior and gender (χ2=96.323, p=0.001), economical level (χ2=9.297, p=0.010), school level (χ2=4.502, p=0.034), religion (χ2=11.652, p=0.001), occupation (χ2=24.574, p=0.001), smoking habit (χ2=8.182, p=0.004) and nutritional status... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar, por meio de dois estudos, o consumo de álcool por estudantes de Odontologia no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No primeiro estudo, no qual foram incluídos estudantes de todas as faculdades ou cursos de Odontologia do Estado, foram avaliadas possíveis associações entre variáveis preditoras, tais como idade, sexo, cor, estado civil, residência durante o período letivo, escolaridade dos pais e consumo de álcool pelos mesmos com o consumo de bebidas pelos estudantes. No segundo, a intensidade do consumo de álcool foi relacionada ao desempenho acadêmico, e a amostra foi constituída pelos estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Campus Canoas. Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizados dois questionários anônimos de autopreenchimento, um adaptado de um formulário do CEBRID (Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas), para o primeiro estudo, e o AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) para o segundo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas, gráficos, estatísticas descritivas e testes estatísticos de associação Qui-quadrado, Teste Exato de Fischer e Análise da Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. No primeiro estudo, a amostragem foi de 1055 alunos, 70,8% deles com idade entre 19 e 24 anos, 69,8% do sexo feminino, 91,6% de cor branca, 91,9% solteiros e 52,4% residentes com os pais. Aproximadamente a metade dos pais e mães têm curso superior, e a distribuição entre semestres foi equilibrada. A cerveja já foi consumida por 75,3% dos pesquisados, e a metade relata ter bebido vodca com ou sem energético, vinho ou espumante. A vodca com ou sem energético teve consumo associado à idade de até 24 anos e o vinho, de 25 a 30 anos. O espumante foi mais relacionado com o sexo feminino, e os solteiros mais associados a todas as outras bebidas exceto vinho. No segundo estudo, com 218 alunos, 81,7% foram considerados abstinentes ou consumidores sem risco; contudo, 17,4% fazem uso de risco ou nocivo e 0,9% são dependentes. Maiores escores AUDIT estão relacionados a maior número de repetências. Um elevado percentual de estudantes faz uso de bebidas alcoólicas, e foram identificadas associações com variáveis preditoras, indicando a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de prevenção e proteção. / This research aims to evaluate, through two studies, alcohol consumption by dental students in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the first one, approaching students from all dental courses of Rio Grande do Sul, the focus were possible associations between predictive factors - such as age, gender, color, civil state, place of residence, graduation level of the parents and alcohol consumption by the parents – with the students´ drinking habits. In the second study, the level of alcohol abuse was related to academic performance and, in this case, the sample were dental students from Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Canoas campus. Two self-filled anonymous questionnaires were used for data gathering: one by the Brazilian Centre of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) by the World Health Organization. Analysis of the data were made by the use of charts, graphics, descriptive statistics and statistic association tests Qui-quadrado, Fischer´s Exact Test and Pearson´s Correlation Analysis with sugnificancy level of 5%. On the first study, the sample was composed by 1055 students, 70.8% of them between 19 and 24 years old, 69.8% female, 91.6% white, 91.9% single and 52.4% living with parents. Approximately half of the mothers and fathers have graduated, and the distribution among the semesters was even. Beer have been used by 75.3% of the sample, and half of them have already drank vodka, wine or sparkling wine. Vodka, with or without the mixture of an energy drink, was consumed by those no more than 24 years old, and wine, by those between 25 and 30 years old. Sparkling wine is associated to women. Singles are associated with all other kinds of beverage except from wine. On the second study, with 218 students, 81.7% were considered abstentious or off-risk consumers. However, 17.4% are risky or harmful users and 0.9% are alcohol dependents. Higher AUDIT scores are related to academic failure. A high percentage of students use alcohol regularly and associations with various predictive factors were identified, indicating the need to place strategies of prevention and protection.

abstract: Past literature has indicated that the majority of people with alcohol problems never seek treatment and that this is especially true of women. Relatively few studies have investigated how different types of alcohol-related consequences longitudinally predict men and women's perceived need for treatment and their utilization of treatment services. The current study sought to expand the literature by examining whether gender moderates the links between four frequently endorsed types of consequences and perceived need for or actual utilization of treatment. Two-hundred thirty-seven adults ages 21-36 completed a battery of questionnaires at two time points five years apart. Results indicated that there were four broad types of consequences endorsed by both men and women. Multiple-group models and Wald chi square tests indicated that there were no significant relationships between consequences and treatment outcomes. No gender moderation was found but post-hoc power analyses indicated that the study was underpowered to detect moderation. Researchers need to continue to study factors that predict utilization of alcohol treatment services and the process of recovery so that treatment providers can better address the needs of people with alcohol-related consequences in the areas of referral procedures, clinical assessment, and treatment service provision and planning. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Psychology 2013

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar, por meio de dois estudos, o consumo de álcool por estudantes de Odontologia no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No primeiro estudo, no qual foram incluídos estudantes de todas as faculdades ou cursos de Odontologia do Estado, foram avaliadas possíveis associações entre variáveis preditoras, tais como idade, sexo, cor, estado civil, residência durante o período letivo, escolaridade dos pais e consumo de álcool pelos mesmos com o consumo de bebidas pelos estudantes. No segundo, a intensidade do consumo de álcool foi relacionada ao desempenho acadêmico, e a amostra foi constituída pelos estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Campus Canoas. Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizados dois questionários anônimos de autopreenchimento, um adaptado de um formulário do CEBRID (Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas), para o primeiro estudo, e o AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) para o segundo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas, gráficos, estatísticas descritivas e testes estatísticos de associação Qui-quadrado, Teste Exato de Fischer e Análise da Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. No primeiro estudo, a amostragem foi de 1055 alunos, 70,8% deles com idade entre 19 e 24 anos, 69,8% do sexo feminino, 91,6% de cor branca, 91,9% solteiros e 52,4% residentes com os pais. Aproximadamente a metade dos pais e mães têm curso superior, e a distribuição entre semestres foi equilibrada. A cerveja já foi consumida por 75,3% dos pesquisados, e a metade relata ter bebido vodca com ou sem energético, vinho ou espumante. A vodca com ou sem energético teve consumo associado à idade de até 24 anos e o vinho, de 25 a 30 anos. O espumante foi mais relacionado com o sexo feminino, e os solteiros mais associados a todas as outras bebidas exceto vinho. No segundo estudo, com 218 alunos, 81,7% foram considerados abstinentes ou consumidores sem risco; contudo, 17,4% fazem uso de risco ou nocivo e 0,9% são dependentes. Maiores escores AUDIT estão relacionados a maior número de repetências. Um elevado percentual de estudantes faz uso de bebidas alcoólicas, e foram identificadas associações com variáveis preditoras, indicando a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de prevenção e proteção. / This research aims to evaluate, through two studies, alcohol consumption by dental students in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the first one, approaching students from all dental courses of Rio Grande do Sul, the focus were possible associations between predictive factors - such as age, gender, color, civil state, place of residence, graduation level of the parents and alcohol consumption by the parents – with the students´ drinking habits. In the second study, the level of alcohol abuse was related to academic performance and, in this case, the sample were dental students from Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Canoas campus. Two self-filled anonymous questionnaires were used for data gathering: one by the Brazilian Centre of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) by the World Health Organization. Analysis of the data were made by the use of charts, graphics, descriptive statistics and statistic association tests Qui-quadrado, Fischer´s Exact Test and Pearson´s Correlation Analysis with sugnificancy level of 5%. On the first study, the sample was composed by 1055 students, 70.8% of them between 19 and 24 years old, 69.8% female, 91.6% white, 91.9% single and 52.4% living with parents. Approximately half of the mothers and fathers have graduated, and the distribution among the semesters was even. Beer have been used by 75.3% of the sample, and half of them have already drank vodka, wine or sparkling wine. Vodka, with or without the mixture of an energy drink, was consumed by those no more than 24 years old, and wine, by those between 25 and 30 years old. Sparkling wine is associated to women. Singles are associated with all other kinds of beverage except from wine. On the second study, with 218 students, 81.7% were considered abstentious or off-risk consumers. However, 17.4% are risky or harmful users and 0.9% are alcohol dependents. Higher AUDIT scores are related to academic failure. A high percentage of students use alcohol regularly and associations with various predictive factors were identified, indicating the need to place strategies of prevention and protection.

Drunkorexia refers to a set of disordered eating behaviors that occur in the context of a drinking episode for the purpose of 1) off setting caloric intake of the alcohol or 2) increasing the effects of alcohol. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) was developed with the purpose of measuring drunkorexia behaviors at three time points: before, during, and after a drinking episode. The purpose of this study was to further validate the measure for use in men and women by examining measurement invariance, reliability, and validity. First, single group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately by gender to examine the underlying factor structure of the measure. The two groups independently showed similar factor structure. The factor structure for both men and women indicated the removal of the original CEBRACS Restriction subscale. A multi-group CFA was conducted on the modified factor structure using gender as the grouping variable. This revised measure was found to have scalar invariance suggesting that means and variances of this measure can be compared. The current study addressed several limitations of previous measurement validation studies including a large diverse sample and thorough examination of the psychometric properties of the CEBRACS. This work provides additional evidence supporting the validity of the CEBRACS and suggests measurement invariance between genders.

Extending prior alcohol expectancy measurement research, this researcher (McMurray, 2013) recently developed the Pharmacological and Social Alcohol Expectancy Scale (PSAES). The PSAES is the only alcohol expectancy measure to date that provides adequate coverage of both social expectancies and the anticipated positive pharmacological effects resulting from alcohol consumption, and was developed and validated in a sample of young adults (aged 18-23). Research has shown that adolescents at high risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) hold higher expectations of reward from alcohol, suggesting that expectancy patterns may help distinguish at-risk youth. Building upon the previous PSAES validation study, the primary purpose of the current study was to examine whether a version of the PSAES adapted for adolescents (the PSAES-A) provided a valid measure of pharmacological and social alcohol expectancies in adolescents. Results demonstrated that a respecified model of the PSAES-A adequately fit the proposed two-dimensional factor structure and provided justification for the items representing two distinguishable domains: social and pharmacological. The PSAES-A was then used to 1) examine patterns of alcohol expectancies and drinking behaviors in adolescents and 2) investigate whether risk (e.g., sensation seeking personality) was differentially associated with pharmacological and social expectancies in adolescents. Results indicated that pharmacological and social expectancies were differentially associated with various drinking behaviors (e.g., quantity, frequency) and that sensation seeking was significantly associated with both social and pharmacological expectancies in adolescents. The fact that alcohol expectancies differentially predicted quantity and frequency of drinking suggests that different expectancy processes affect adolescent’s decisions about how often they drink versus how much alcohol they consume on a given occasion. Implications and limitations are discussed.

No description available.

Alcohol-related Liver Disease (ALD) represents almost half of all deaths attributable to liver disease (LD) in the US. Despite the large proportion of deaths from ALD, however, only 1.4% of all liver transplants were for patients with ALD. ALD presents a range of medical and ethical concerns for those who drive the policy and practices of liver transplantation (LT). While, historically, stringent eligibility criteria for LT precluded many with ALD from receiving a transplant, more recent research suggests such criteria may be misguided. The following review compares LT outcomes between ALD and non-ALD recipients and finds that LT recipients with ALD have equal, if not better, survival rates than those with non-ALD. The findings of this review suggest a need for revisiting transplant criteria for patients with ALD to ensure parity.

No description available.