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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Molecular Targets for Alcoholism and Ethanol Reward: A Dissertation

Hendrickson, Linzy M 28 January 2011 (has links)
While it is clear that most drugs of abuse act to increase extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the molecular mechanisms mediating this process vary depending on the molecular target each drug acts on. The rewarding properties of most drugs of abuse including cocaine, amphetamine, and heroin have been well established for some time; however, the molecular mechanisms by which ethanol acts to mediate reward have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I have examined the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), known molecular targets for nicotine addiction, in mediating the initial rewarding properties of alcohol. Using a mouse model of voluntary ethanol consumption called Drinking in the Dark (DID), in combination with nAChR pharmacology and mouse genetics, we have provided further evidence for the role of nAChRs in mediating the initial rewardingproperties of ethanol. Because of the vast number of possible functional nAChR subtypes present in the brain, I sought to investigate which subtype of nAChR may be responsible for ethanol reinforcement. To accomplish this, I used twocomplementary nAChR mouse models. The first is a knock-out line that does not express the α4 subunit (α4 KO) and the second is a knock-in line that expresses α4* nAChRs that are hypersensitive to agonist (Leu9′Ala). We have also shown, for the first time, that a specific nAChR subtype, those that contain the α4 subunit (α4*), mediate voluntary ethanol consumption and reward. Next, I examined the role of α4* nAChRs in modulating voluntary ethanol consumption after systemic administration of the FDA approved smoking cessation drug varenicline, a partial agonist of α4* nAChRs. We showed that varenicline and nicotine both reduced acute ethanol consumption in an α4* nAChR dependent mechanism. Taken together, our data indicate that activation of α4* nAChRs is necessary and sufficient for reduction of ethanol consumption and further supports the hypothesis that α4* nAChRs are molecular targets for alcohol cessation therapies.
12

Alcohol on Trial: The Evidence

Hamdy, Ronald C., Aukerman, Melissa M. 01 January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
13

Uso intenso de álcool e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde entre estudantes universitários da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná / Intense alcohol use and other health risk behaviors among college students of the Catholic University of Paraná (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná) - PUCPR

Duarte, Paulina do Carmo Arruda Vieira 04 July 2005 (has links)
O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, sobre comportamentos de risco à saúde e sua associação com padrões de consumo de álcool, realizado entre a população de estudantes de graduação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. A pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever a prevalência de comportamentos de risco à saúde desses alunos e estudar a associação entre uso intenso de álcool e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde praticados por eles. O consumo intenso de álcool é definido neste trabalho como \"ter bebido cinco ou mais doses de álcool em, pelo menos, uma ocasião, nos últimos 30 dias\" e os comportamentos de risco considerados são aqueles monitorados pelo Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças (CDC) dos EUA e com maior impacto na morbi-mortalidade do jovem contemporâneo. O recorte temporal (últimos 12 meses ou 30 dias) e de freqüência (1 vez, várias vezes, outros) variou dependendo do comportamento analisado. Os dados, obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário de autopreenchimento, anônimo, em uma amostra de estudantes sorteados (n= 1201), apontam que uma proporção elevada de estudantes se envolve em comportamentos de risco e a associação positiva entre consumo intenso de álcool e diversos desses comportamentos, apresentando variações de acordo com sexo e faixa etária. Os resultados permitem a constatação de que a ampla maioria dos bebedores intensos (77,7%) admite que seu padrão de consumo de álcool resultou em, pelo menos, 3 problemas, nos últimos 3 anos. Apesar das limitações próprias do estudo, seus resultados indicam a procedência do desenvolvimento de programas de promoção à saúde integral de universitários. / This paper presents a cross sectional study on health risk behaviors and their association with drinking patterns, among College students of the Catholic University of Paraná (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná) - PUCPR. Students were divided into 3 groups, according to their drinking patterns: binge drinkers, defined as having five or more drinks in at least, one single occasion during the last 30 days\", current drinkers (had some alcohol in the last 30 days but not reported a binge episode), and non drinkers (did not report alcohol use in the last 30 days). Risk behaviors considered in the study are those monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of USA and with greatest impact on the morbidity and mortality of the contemporary youth. The time periods (last 12 months or 30 days) and frequencies (once, many times, others) measured varied according to the behavior analyzed. Data obtained by means of an anonymous self completing questionnaire in a sample of randomized students (n=1201), documents that a great proportion of students get involved on risk behaviors and several of these behavior are positivetly associated with binge drinking. Results also lead to the conclusion that the majority of the binge drinkers (77,7%) admitted that their alcohol use behavior has resulted in, at least 3 problems during the last 3 years. Despite of study limitations, its results indicate the suitability of the development of programs for comprehensive student\'s health promotion.
14

Uso intenso de álcool e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde entre estudantes universitários da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná / Intense alcohol use and other health risk behaviors among college students of the Catholic University of Paraná (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná) - PUCPR

Paulina do Carmo Arruda Vieira Duarte 04 July 2005 (has links)
O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, sobre comportamentos de risco à saúde e sua associação com padrões de consumo de álcool, realizado entre a população de estudantes de graduação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. A pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever a prevalência de comportamentos de risco à saúde desses alunos e estudar a associação entre uso intenso de álcool e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde praticados por eles. O consumo intenso de álcool é definido neste trabalho como \"ter bebido cinco ou mais doses de álcool em, pelo menos, uma ocasião, nos últimos 30 dias\" e os comportamentos de risco considerados são aqueles monitorados pelo Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças (CDC) dos EUA e com maior impacto na morbi-mortalidade do jovem contemporâneo. O recorte temporal (últimos 12 meses ou 30 dias) e de freqüência (1 vez, várias vezes, outros) variou dependendo do comportamento analisado. Os dados, obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário de autopreenchimento, anônimo, em uma amostra de estudantes sorteados (n= 1201), apontam que uma proporção elevada de estudantes se envolve em comportamentos de risco e a associação positiva entre consumo intenso de álcool e diversos desses comportamentos, apresentando variações de acordo com sexo e faixa etária. Os resultados permitem a constatação de que a ampla maioria dos bebedores intensos (77,7%) admite que seu padrão de consumo de álcool resultou em, pelo menos, 3 problemas, nos últimos 3 anos. Apesar das limitações próprias do estudo, seus resultados indicam a procedência do desenvolvimento de programas de promoção à saúde integral de universitários. / This paper presents a cross sectional study on health risk behaviors and their association with drinking patterns, among College students of the Catholic University of Paraná (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná) - PUCPR. Students were divided into 3 groups, according to their drinking patterns: binge drinkers, defined as having five or more drinks in at least, one single occasion during the last 30 days\", current drinkers (had some alcohol in the last 30 days but not reported a binge episode), and non drinkers (did not report alcohol use in the last 30 days). Risk behaviors considered in the study are those monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of USA and with greatest impact on the morbidity and mortality of the contemporary youth. The time periods (last 12 months or 30 days) and frequencies (once, many times, others) measured varied according to the behavior analyzed. Data obtained by means of an anonymous self completing questionnaire in a sample of randomized students (n=1201), documents that a great proportion of students get involved on risk behaviors and several of these behavior are positivetly associated with binge drinking. Results also lead to the conclusion that the majority of the binge drinkers (77,7%) admitted that their alcohol use behavior has resulted in, at least 3 problems during the last 3 years. Despite of study limitations, its results indicate the suitability of the development of programs for comprehensive student\'s health promotion.

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