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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
361

Exploiting the Non-innocent Ligand Reactivity of Metal Bis-dithiolenes: Towards the Catalytic Synthesis of Chiral Thioether Ligands and other Synthetic Targets

Moscattini, Joshua 22 November 2012 (has links)
Asymmetric catalysis is one of the most effective ways to control a target molecule’s stereochemistry. Through the development of a wide variety of chiral transition metal complexes, synthetic chemists are given the tools they need to synthesize the desired enantiomer of numerous compounds. This work focuses on exploiting the non-innocent ligand reactivity of metal bis-dithiolenes with multiple conjugated π systems in order to synthesize chiral ligands. Recent work has shown that platinum bis-dithiolene reacts with dienes stereoselectively to form a racemic mix of C2 -chiral thioether ligands. The present contribution will show approaches to synthesizing chiral dienes and organometallic complexes with potential applications for asymmetric allylic substitution reactions. Dienes with various chiral auxiliaries were reacted with platinum dithiolene and monitored through NMR spectroscopy. Attempts to synthesis palladium bis-dithiolene complexes, not previously seen in the literature were made, and the reaction of α-β unsaturated ketones with metal bis-dithiolenes was explored.
362

Synthesis Of Chiral Diene Systems Via Ring Closing Enyne Metathesis And Their Applications In Diels-alder Reactions

Cayir, Merve 01 July 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The main subject of this thesis is synthesis of chiral diene systems via Ring Closing Enyne Metathesis (RCEM). Furan and thiophene carbaldehydes were chosen as starting compounds. As a result of allylation and propargylation reaction of these aldehydes targeting racemic heteroaryl substituted homoallylic and homopropargylic alcohols were synthesized. Enantiomerically enriched alcohols were obtained by enzymatic resolution method with different enzymes (PS-II, Lipozyme) with the high enantiomeric excess values. Absolute configurations of all alcohols are known. O-allylation and O-propargylation reactions of enantiomerically pure alcohols, afforded feasible enyne units for RCEM were synthesized successfully. All RCEM reactions were performed by using Grubbs&amp / #8223 / 1st generation catalyst. The absolute configuration of all chiral diene systems were known since during the course of the all reactions, configurations were preserved. As a last step, Diels-Alder reactions were applied to some of these chiral diene systems to get bicyclic compounds and comment on the stereoselectivity. Only one diastereomeric cycloadduct was observed as a result of Diels-Alder applications.
363

Development Of The Methodology For The Synthesis Of Bis-aminoinositols

Korkmaz Cokol, Nalan 01 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Cyclitols are cyclic compounds having hydroxyl groups which attached to different carbons on the ring. Cyclitols have attracted a great deal of attention for having diverse biological activities. Cyclic alcohols play an important role in biological processes such as inhibition of glycosidase, cellular recognition, and signal transduction. In addition to this, these compounds are very important molecules due to being capable of using while synthesizing natural products or pharmaceuticals. In this study, development of new methodology for the synthesis of bis-aminoinositol derivatives was aimed. The starting material, cis-diester, was synthesized from the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and maleic anhydride followed by reaction with MeOH. As a second key compound, trans-diester was obtained from the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and fumaryl chloride followed by esterification. The diester functionality in these two compounds was planned to be converted into the hydrazide upon treatment with hydrazine monohydrate. Before this reaction, double bond was protected via stereo selective oxidation reaction with m-CPBA due to preventing retro Diels-Alder reaction. Then, hydrazide functionality was converted into acyl azide through &beta / -nitroso hydrazide intermediate. Subsequent Curtius rearrangement reaction resulted in the formation of the isocyanate which was converted to the corresponding bis-urethane by treatment with MeOH. Attempt to cleave the oxa-bridge in urethane with sulfamic acid provided the unexpected tricyclic product 148. Furthermore, hydrolysis of isocyanate with aqueous HCl formed the diamine 156. However, O-bridge could not be opened with any reagents used for that of urethane derivative as described above. Then,the cis-diol 157 was synthesized to prevent the neighboring group participitation during the epoxide-opening reaction. Further ring-opening reactions are under investigation.
364

Application of Diels-Alder reactions of 2-(N-acylamino)-1,3-dienes toward the total synthesis of stenine

Boren, Brant Clayton 17 February 2005 (has links)
Natural products continue to influence society at large as many drugs are of natural product origin. Consequently, the development and study of new chemical reactions that lead to the efficient preparation of natural products is a central goal in organic chemistry today. To this end, we have investigated the reactivity and stereoselectivity of cyclic 2-(N-acylamino)-1,3-dienes toward a total synthesis of stenine. Chapter I describes the isolation and characterization of stenine, in addition to comparing five published total syntheses of stenine. Chapter II discusses synthetic and theoretical investigations of cyclic 2-(Nacylamino)- 1,3-dienes. We have shown that vinylazepenes react with Nphenylmaleimide to afford exo cycloadducts exclusively. Previous studies of vinylpiperidenes revealed a preference for endo selectivity. We confirmed the contrasting stereoselectivity by X-ray analysis of compounds i and ii. The stereoselectivity of vinylazepenes, vinylcycloalkenes, and vinyl piperidenes in Diels-Alder reactions varies depending on the detailed structure of the diene. In collaboration with Dr. Daniel Singleton and Jennifer Hirschi, DFT calculations were utilized to study model reactions of these dienes to provide insight into controlling the stereochemistry of this class of Diels-Alder reactions. Chapter III describes the synthesis of compounds such as iv and v that were utilized in intra and intermolecular Diels-Alder approaches toward the synthesis of stenine. We demonstrated that intermediate viii could be constructed from vinyl stannane vii in ten steps via an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction of v and dimethyl fumarate (vi). Finally, we propose a synthetic plan for the completion of stenine from advanced intermediate viii.
365

Cholic acid based new chiral auxiliaries: development and applications

Mathivanan, P. 09 1900 (has links)
The thesis entitled Cholic Acid Bused New Chiral Auxiliaries: Development And Applications has been divided into three chapters. Chapter-I describes the synthesis of chiral auxiliaries (1.3) from cholic acid and Diets-Alder reactions on the corresponding a,B- unsaturated ester derivatives. Chapter-I1 deals with the asymmetric dihydroxylation of a,B unsaturated esters of steroidal alcohols (1-3). Chapter-HI describes asymmetric hydride reduction, hydrogenation and allylation of a-keto esters of cholic acid derivatives (1-3).
366

Theoretical Studies Of pie-Facial Selectivity In Organic Reactions

Ganguly, Bishwajit 10 1900 (has links)
he thesis entitled "Theoretical Studies of pie-Facial Selectivity in Organic Reactions" involve a computational examination of a suitable reactivity problem in organic chemistry. Systematic and efficient -procedures have been developed and tested for rationalizing observed face selectivities in numerous substrates. In a number of cases precise transition state structures have also been computed in a rigorous manner. The molecules examined are by and large sterically unbiased. Considerable emphasis has been placed on obtaining general interpretations, In particular, the relative contributions of various sterio electronic and electrostatic effect have been considered in detail.Predictions of a-face selectivities haw also been made in a few cases. In recent years many mildly perturbed substrates have been shown to undergo pie-face selective reactions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the available experimental result involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical and Diels- Alder reactions.The current status of theoretical understanding of theae rasults is also summarized.The discussion includes qualitative proposal as well as quantitative calculations on selected substrates. The principal goals of the present work and general features of the MO methods used are briefly discussed.
367

Propargylazide als Ausgangsmaterialien für Umlagerungsreaktionen und Heterocyclensynthesen

Schöffler, Claudia 08 October 2000 (has links) (PDF)
Es werden Umlagerungsreaktionen von Propargylaziden vorgestellt, die durch [3,3]-sigmatrope Isomerisierung der Azidfunktion zu kurzlebigen Azidoallen-Zwischenstufen führen. Allenyl-azide cyclisieren rasch zu Triazafulvenen, welche in Gegenwart von Nucleophilen als 1H-1,2,3-Triazol-Derivate abgefangen werden können. Die Einführung geeigneter Substituenten zeigt, daß die intermediär durchlaufenen Allenylazid- und Triazafulven-Zwischenstufen auch [4+2]-Cycloadditionsreaktionen oder intramolekulare Abfangreaktionen eingehen. Durch die NMR-spektroskopische Verfolgung einer Sequenz von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden sigmatropen Wanderungen wird nachgewiesen, daß ausgehend von 5-Azidopent-2-en-4-inen eine E/Z-Äquilibrierung der Stereoisomere erfolgen kann. Bei der Umlagerung von substituierten 3,4-Diazidobut-1-inen findet zunächst die Bildung von Azidoallenen statt, welche im zweiten Umlagerungs-schritt zu kurzlebigen 1,2-Diazidobuta-1,3-dienen isomerisieren. Diese Umlagerungsprodukte beinhalten die Substruktur eines vicinalen Vinyldiazids und reagieren unter Abspaltung von Stickstoff zu Nitrilen. Die Cyclisierung der Azidoallene steht dabei in Konkurrenz zur zweiten Azidwanderung und kann durch die Einführung geeigneter Substituenten in 4-Position vollständig zurückgedrängt werden. Durch den Einsatz der diastereomeren Edukte gelingt es, den stereospezifischen Verlauf der Umlagerungssequenz aufzuzeigen und anhand der durchlaufenen Übergangszustände zu diskutieren. Zur Aufklärung der relativen Konfiguration der Edukte erwiesen sich Lanthaniden-Shift-Experimente als wertvolle Methode. Der untersuchte Reaktionsweg stellt eine bequeme Synthesemethode für 1,2,3-Triazole dar. So können zahlreiche neue Triazolderivate generiert werden, beispielsweise auch tensidartige Strukturen, die durch die Einführung von Alkylketten am polaren Triazolring entstehen. Propargylazide, Azidoallene, Triazafulvene, 1H-1,2,3-Triazole, Allylazide, 3,4-Diazidobut-1-ine, Konfigurationsbestimmung, Lanthaniden-Shift-Experimente, sigmatrope Umlagerungen
368

Synthese und Reaktionen von Brückenkopf-Azirinen

Meier, Barbara 04 April 2006 (has links) (PDF)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Darstellung neuartiger Brückenkopf-Azirine dokumentiert. Diese können photochemisch oder thermisch aus den entsprechenden, zum Teil ebenfalls unbekannten carbocyclischen Vinylaziden erzeugt werden. Dabei ist für die direkte Beobachtung der hochgespannten und instabilen Azirine die Photolyse in Lösung bei tiefer Temperatur (bis –80°C) nötig. Besonders kurzlebige Azirine werden über Folge- oder Abfangreaktionen nachgewiesen. Als thermische Folgeprodukte lassen sich Dihydropyrazine bzw. Pyrazine durch Dimerisierung erhalten. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Methylgruppe als Substituent in der Brückenkopfposition eine Stabilisierung der Azirine bewirkt. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Reaktionsverhaltens der Brückenkopf-Azirine. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Ringspannung weisen diese eine sehr große Reaktivität auf. So ist eine Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit Cyclopentadien und die Addition von Blausäure möglich. Ferner reagieren die hochgespannten Azirine bei –50°C sofort mit Diazomethan, sodass erstmals die durch 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition entstehenden Dihydrotriazol-Derivate als Zwischenstufe mittels Tieftemperatur-NMR-Messung beobachtet werden können. Des Weiteren führen auch die Umsetzungen der Brückenkopf-Azirine mit Diphenylketen, Benzoylisocyanat und Nitriloxid zu neuen Verbindungen.
369

Synthesen und Reaktionen neuer Brückenkopf-Azirine

Penk, Enrico 28 October 2009 (has links) (PDF)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Darstellung einer Vielzahl neuer, hochreaktiver Brückenkopf-Azirine dokumentiert. Diese können ausschließlich photochemisch aus den entsprechenden, zum Teil ebenfalls unbekannten carbocyclischen Vinylaziden erzeugt werden. Für eine direkte Beobachtung der hochgespannten und instabilen Azirine ist die Photolyse in Lösung bei tiefer Temperatur (bevorzugt –50°C) nötig. Besonders kurzlebige Azirine werden über Folge- oder Abfangreaktionen nachgewiesen. Dabei handelt es sich um die Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit Cyclopentadien oder die Addition von Blausäure – beides Umsetzungen, welche nur Aufgrund der erhöhten Reaktivität durch die gesteigerte Ringspannung in den Brückenkopf-Azirinen ablaufen. Erstmals werden gezielt Verbindungen synthetisiert, bei denen der das Azirin überbrückende Ring nicht alicyclisch, sondern hetero- und/oder polycyclisch, aber auch ungesättigt ist, bzw. aromatische Struktureinheiten enthält. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildet die Untersuchung des Einflusses von Seitenketten auf die Stabilität der Azirine. So kann gezeigt werden, dass ein voluminöser Substituent in der Brückenkopfposition eine deutliche Stabilisierung der Azirine bewirkt.
370

Reactivity of substituted 4-Pyridones in normal and inverse demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition /

MacNevin, Christopher J. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2003.

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