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Synthèse et étude photophysique de sondes fluorescentes pour la détection de cations alcalins en milieux aqueux / Synthesis and photophysical properties of fluorescent alkali cations sensorsDepauw, Alexis 18 November 2014 (has links)
L’objet de cette thèse a été la réalisation de sondes moléculaires fluorescentes pour de la détection de césium et de potassium en milieu aqueux. Deux problématiques ont été abordées : la détection de traces de césium en vue d’applications environnementales, et la mesure de variations de potassium en milieu biologique en vue d’applications biologiques. La première partie de cette thèse concerne la détection du césium. Dans un premier temps, différentes entités complexantes du césium ont été étudiées dans le but de mesurer des concentrations de césium comprises entre 1.10-3 et 5 ppm. Certaines de ces sondes ont ensuite été utilisées au sein d’un système de mesures basé sur un circuit micro-fluidique destiné à mesurer le césium de façon continue. La seconde partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à la détection du potassium. Dont le but a été de mettre au point des sondes pour mesurer le potassium extracellulaire par imagerie de fluorescence. Une cage complexante sélective du potassium a tout d’abord été identifiée. Différentes stratégies ont ensuite été développées pour remplacer la coumarine par un fluorophore excitable à de plus hautes longueurs d’ondes. Parmi les sondes étudiées, le Calix-COU-Alcyne-Sulf a permis d’effectuer des mesures in vitro préliminaires qui ont montré que ce type de sondes ne perturbe pas l’activité neuronale et permet de détecter le potassium dans la gamme de concentration visée. / The aim of this PhD was to study fluorescent molecular sensors in order to detect cesium and potassium in aqueous media. Two different issues have been addressed: the detection of cesium traces for environmental applications, and the measure of potassium fluctuations for biological applications. The first part concerns the detection of cesium. Several complexing units were first studied, to measure cesium concentration between 1.10-3 and 5 ppm. Some of the molecules made were then used in a measuring system based on a micro-fluidic chip to measure cesium in a continuous way. The second part concerns the detection of potassium. The aim was to design sensors to measure extracellular potassium fluctuations by fluorescence imaging. A selective complexing unit was first found. Several strategies were then explored to replace a coumarin by a fluorophore excitable at higher wavelengths. Among the molecules made, the Calix-COU-Alcyne-Sulf enabled preliminary in vitro measurements and showed that this type of molecules does not affect the neuronal activity and enables to measure potassium in the range of concentration targeted.
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Sobre a interação em circuito aberto entre metanol ou etanol e superfícies oxidadas de paládio / On the open circuit interaction between methanol or ethanol and palladium oxidized surfacesSalmazo, Débora Heloisa Capella 03 December 2013 (has links)
Um dos problemas que contribui para a diminuição do desempenho de células a combustível de membrana trocadora de prótons é o cruzamento de combustível do compartimento anódico para o catódico. Um método de avaliar o contato do combustível anódico com o cátodo consiste da exposição do catalisador oxidado à molécula de interesse, em condições de circuito aberto. Do ponto de vista fundamental, a análise desses transientes de circuito aberto pode fornecer informações importantes acerca do mecanismo reacional associado. São apresentados nessa Dissertação, resultados da interação entre metanol ou etanol e superfícies oxidadas de paládio, em meio alcalino. Entre os parâmetros investigados, maior ênfase foi dada ao efeito da natureza do cátion alcalino presente no eletrólito. Observou-se que a presença de Li+ ou K+ no eletrólito influencia desde a quantidade de óxido formada, até o tempo requerido para a redução desses óxidos pela molécula orgânico dissolvida. A natureza do composto orgânico presente também exerce diferenças consideráveis no transiente de circuito aberto. Finalmente, foram propostos esquemas reacionais para representar a interação de circuito aberto com o metanol e etanol. Em ambos os casos, os mecanismos incluem a produção auto-catalítica de sítios livres de paládio. / One of the problems that contributes to the performance decreasing observed in proton exchange membranes is the fuel crossover from the anodic to the cathodic compartment. A method to evaluate the contact of the anodic fuel with the cathode consists of exposing the oxidized catalyst to the molecule of interest under open circuit conditions. From the fundamental point of view, the analysis of the open circuit transients may provide relevant information on the associated reaction mechanism. In this Dissertation, results of the open circuit interaction between methanol or ethanol with oxidized palladium surfaces, in alkaline media, are presented. Among the distinct investigated parameters, emphasis will be put on the effect of the nature of the alkali cation present in the electrolyte. It was observed that the presence of Li+ or K+ influences several aspects, from the amount of oxide formed to the time needed for the reduction of the oxide by the dissolved organic molecules. The identity of the dissolved organic molecule also exerts marked influence on the open circuit transients. Finally, two reaction schemes for the open circuit interaction with methanol or ethanol were proposed. In both cases, the mechanisms include the auto-catalytic production of free palladium sites.
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Sobre a interação em circuito aberto entre metanol ou etanol e superfícies oxidadas de paládio / On the open circuit interaction between methanol or ethanol and palladium oxidized surfacesDébora Heloisa Capella Salmazo 03 December 2013 (has links)
Um dos problemas que contribui para a diminuição do desempenho de células a combustível de membrana trocadora de prótons é o cruzamento de combustível do compartimento anódico para o catódico. Um método de avaliar o contato do combustível anódico com o cátodo consiste da exposição do catalisador oxidado à molécula de interesse, em condições de circuito aberto. Do ponto de vista fundamental, a análise desses transientes de circuito aberto pode fornecer informações importantes acerca do mecanismo reacional associado. São apresentados nessa Dissertação, resultados da interação entre metanol ou etanol e superfícies oxidadas de paládio, em meio alcalino. Entre os parâmetros investigados, maior ênfase foi dada ao efeito da natureza do cátion alcalino presente no eletrólito. Observou-se que a presença de Li+ ou K+ no eletrólito influencia desde a quantidade de óxido formada, até o tempo requerido para a redução desses óxidos pela molécula orgânico dissolvida. A natureza do composto orgânico presente também exerce diferenças consideráveis no transiente de circuito aberto. Finalmente, foram propostos esquemas reacionais para representar a interação de circuito aberto com o metanol e etanol. Em ambos os casos, os mecanismos incluem a produção auto-catalítica de sítios livres de paládio. / One of the problems that contributes to the performance decreasing observed in proton exchange membranes is the fuel crossover from the anodic to the cathodic compartment. A method to evaluate the contact of the anodic fuel with the cathode consists of exposing the oxidized catalyst to the molecule of interest under open circuit conditions. From the fundamental point of view, the analysis of the open circuit transients may provide relevant information on the associated reaction mechanism. In this Dissertation, results of the open circuit interaction between methanol or ethanol with oxidized palladium surfaces, in alkaline media, are presented. Among the distinct investigated parameters, emphasis will be put on the effect of the nature of the alkali cation present in the electrolyte. It was observed that the presence of Li+ or K+ influences several aspects, from the amount of oxide formed to the time needed for the reduction of the oxide by the dissolved organic molecules. The identity of the dissolved organic molecule also exerts marked influence on the open circuit transients. Finally, two reaction schemes for the open circuit interaction with methanol or ethanol were proposed. In both cases, the mechanisms include the auto-catalytic production of free palladium sites.
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Studies of Electrified Interfaces using Vibrational Sum Frequency GenerationWallentine, Spencer K. January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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