Recycling composite glass with different colours in order to be manufactured into new glass products is at present not economically viable. Therefore, the search for new issues other than stockpile areas or dumping sites could be a serious opportunity. To a certain extent, one of the possible solutions is to use the recycled glass in manufacturing cements and in the preparation of concrete mixtures. However, it is essential to manage the two main behaviours that the glass can have when used in cement-based materials: (1) the use of glass as coarse aggregates reveals harmful behaviour related to alkali-silica reaction; (2) on the other hand, it can result in useful behaviour related to pozzolanic reaction if used as fine particles. Furthermore, the significant alkali content should not be overlooked as their mass corresponds to about 13% of the total mass of the glass and as they may activate the alkali-silica reaction. An experimental programme was conducted to provide answers to the various questions raised about the use of glass in cement-based materials. The first part of this work was primarily devoted to the evaluation of the reactive potential of glass in mortars (alkali and pozzolanic reactions). At this stage, nine classes of glass particles ranging from 3[mu]m to 2.5 mm were considered. Then, fine glass particles were used in order to counteract the negative effect of some classes of coarse aggregates having revealed alkali-reactive behaviour. The second part of this work was performed to study the mechanisms that could explain the behaviours of fine and coarse particles in aqueous and concentrated environments. Different answers have been proposed to explain the observed behaviour in terms of grain sizes of glass.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-05-16T18:51:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Elias Pereira.pdf: 10035465 bytes, checksum: 5e61eca3b140495c2587e4ab317ff822 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T18:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Elias Pereira.pdf: 10035465 bytes, checksum: 5e61eca3b140495c2587e4ab317ff822 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / A degradação da argamassa ocasionada pelo ataque por sulfatos e reação álcali-agregado, ocorre pela presença de contaminantes nos agregados que reagem com os produtos da hidratação do cimento, sendo formados produtos expansivos, provocando efeitos deletérios ao material. Este trabalho tem por objetivo a análise isolada e combinada da reação álcali-agregado pela presença de quartzo deformado nos agregados e do ataque interno por sulfato devido à presença de pirita, também nos agregados, em argamassas de cimento Portland, em diferentes idades e meios de cura, assim como a investigação das mudanças microestruturais, com foco na absorção e na mudança de estrutura porosa do material. O programa experimental foi divido em quatro etapas: (i) caracterização dos agregados; (ii) ensaios acelerados e envelhecimento natural em prismas de argamassa; (iii) investigação do comportamento, em ambiente natural, de corpos de prova de concretos com pirita; (iv) análise da absorção e porosidade. As análises petrográficas, variações dimensionais de barras de argamassa, resistências à compressão e resistência à tração por compressão diametral, foram bons indicativos para a ocorrência da RAA e ISA de forma isolada e combinada, onde as curas parcialmente e totalmente imersa em água mantida a 40 °C intensificaram as reações pela incidência de umidade e oxigenação constantes. As porosidades, absorções de água por imersão e por capilaridade dos corpos de prova se mostraram indicativos da intensidade das reações álcali-agregado e ataque por sulfatos, sendo que para agregados contendo sulfetos as variações puderam ser atribuídas a fissuração produzida pela formação de cristais expansivos de sulfatos, e para os agregados reativos as variações puderam ser atribuídas a presença de intercrescimento mirmequíticos e extinção ondulante dos silicatos, culminando na formação de géis expansíveis. Em ambas as manifestações patológicas, a demasiada formação de fases expansivas promoveu a fissuração da matriz e aumento da proporção de macroporos nas idades finais. As análises de diâmetro de poros por intrusão de mercúrio demonstram que a RAA ocorre primeiramente nos poros próximos a 50 nm, devido ao seu caráter de borda de reação, e a ISA promove o refinamento e colmatação dos poros de toda a gama de diâmetros pela formação de sais de sulfatos, além de ambos os processos gerarem tensões internas e fissuração da matriz. Para os agregados com efeito combinado, estes processos ocorrem concomitantemente, tendo influência sobre as capacidades de absorção de água por imersão e capilaridade, além das resistências mecânicas e variações dimensionais. / The degradation of the mortar caused by the attack by sulfates and alkali-aggregate reaction occurs by the presence of contaminants in the aggregates that react with the products of the cement hydration, being formed expansive products, causing deleterious effects to the material. This work aims at the isolated and combined analysis of the alkali-aggregate reaction by the presence of deformed quartz in the aggregate and the internal attack by sulphate due to the presence of pyrite, also in the aggregate, in Portland cement mortars, at different ages and mortar cure means, as well as the investigation of the microstructural changes, focusing on the absorption and the change in the porous structure of the material. The experimental program was divided into four stages: (i) characterization of the aggregates; (ii) accelerated tests and natural aging on mortar prisms; (iii) investigation of the behavior, in the natural environment, of concrete specimens with pyrite; (iv) absorption and porosity analysis. The petrographic analyzes, dimensional variations of mortar bars, compressive strengths and tensile strength by diametrical compression were good indicative for the occurrence of RAA and ISA in an isolated and combined manner, where the cures were partially and totally immersed in water maintained at 40 ° C intensified the reactions by the incidence of constant moisture and oxygenation. The porosities, water absorptions by immersion and by capillarity of the test specimens were indicative of the intensity of the alkali-aggregate and sulfate attack reactions, and being that for aggregates containing sulfides the variations could be attributed to the cracking produced by the formation of expansive crystals of sulfates, and for the reactive aggregates the variations could be attributed to the presence of myrhythmic intergrowth and undulating extinction of the silicates, culminating in the formation of expandable gels. In both pathological manifestations, the excessive formation of expansive phases promoted matrix cracking and increased proportion of macropores in the final ages. The analysis of pore diameter by mercury intrusion shows that the RAA occurs first in pores close to 50 nm, due to its character of reaction border, and ISA promotes the refinement and filling of the pores of the whole range of diameters by the formation of sulfate salts, in addition to both processes generating internal stresses and cracking of the matrix. For aggregates with combined effect, these processes occur concomitantly, having influence on the water absorption capacities by immersion and capillarity, besides the mechanical resistances and dimensional variations.