En adaptant la philosophie de Spinoza aux analyses de Marx, Frédéric Lordon a montré comment le capitalisme s'est développé en modelant les désirs, les affects et les imaginaires des travailleurs, afin d'en capter efficacement la force de travail. Partant de ces postulats, on se propose d'analyser trois stratégies affectives, mobilisant des images et des mises en scène du travail, à trois phases historiques distinctes du capitalisme. La première partie sera consacrée à l'Encyclopédie des Lumières et à ses planches des "Arts mécaniques". Nous évoquerons les premiers pas d'un capitalisme utopique découvrant les bienfaits de la division du travail, dont les gravures donnent un aperçu idéalisé. Nous aborderons ensuite l'Exposition Universelle parisienne de 1867, qui présente l'intérêt de multiplier les mises en scène spectaculaires des marchandises, des machines et des "petits métiers", autant que les perspectives théoriques de domination, allant du fétichisme des biens matériels à l'apologie du paternalisme. Enfin, la collection La France travaille, enquête ethnographique agrémentée de photographiques de François Kollar, offre un panorama nationaliste et conservateur des classes laborieuses à l'orée des années 1930, s'efforçant de rassurer devant les incertitudes de la mécanisation et de la crise économique. Nous montrerons que chacun de ces objets, vision du travail sous l'oeil du capital, entend recouvrir de son voile la réalité de l'ouvrier. Nous réfléchirons aux formes politiques susceptibles de lever ce voile et de représenter le vécu du travail et à leur efficacité. / French economist and philosopher Frédéric Lordon renews our comprehension of marxist structures by his interpretation of Spinoza's philosophy. He showed that capitalism had to shape desires, affects and imaginary of working class to expand its own influence and catch the labour power. We will analyze three "affective strategies", using pictures and stagings of work, at three historical periods of capitalism development. The first chapter will be devoted to the Encyclopédie and its plates of "Mechanical Crafts". Based on this exemplary work of the Enlightenment, this chapter will evoke the beginnings of utopian capitalism and its faith in division of labour, illustrated by the plates which give some ideal vision. Then, we will address the Second Paris International Exposition of 1867 : it displays merchandises, industrial devicesand workshops. It rewards too different contemporary experience of paternalism. Finally, the collection La France travaille, ethnographical survey illustrated by François Kollar's photographs, shows a nationalist and conservative panoramic view of French working class in 1930's. These books try to reassure readers faced with the financial crisis and fear of mechanization. Each studied object shines a light on labor under the eye of capital and covers the experience of worker. We will remind the experience through accounts and writings of working people.

Interpretations of the Politics of Fictive Landscapes in Context: A Comparison of Allan Sekula's Sketch on a Geography Lesson and Martha Rosler's In the Place of the Public Airport Series Throughout this thesis project I examine the geopolitical context(s) of the photographs featured in Martha Rosler's 'In the Place of the Public Airport Series' (1983) and Allan Sekula's series, 'Sketch on a Geography Lesson' (1982). I investigate the manner in which they question the legitimacy of the genre of documentary photography within the post-modern age by emphasizing the documentation of an actual physical place, presenting an alternative to the post-modern notion of photograph merely as another component of simulacra, or the intentional creation of an image without meaning or origin. By looking at photographs that Rosler and Sekula made during the burgeoning stages of post-modern theory, presents a broader interpretation of the development of Marxist documentary photography from the early 1980's to today. One way in which I dialogue with the discourse surrounding documentary photography in the 1980's is to focus on Rosler's and Sekula's intentional choice of material that emphasizes the political dialogue rather than concepts that are abstract and maintain no reference to real life. Furthermore, the period of the 1980's is considered a point in contemporary art history when the political fervor of the 1960's and early 1970's diminished greatly. Departing from this trend, Rosler's and Sekula's work continues to address political ideas throughout the 1980's, creating a bridge to today's photographers, such as Edward Burtynsky and Andreas Gursky who consider aesthetics from a socio-political perspective. / Art History