published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-10T17:25:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VianneyRO_TESE.pdf: 2216147 bytes, checksum: b2d6fbc5fd0d0caeaec3ddcbc6246fa1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T14:45:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VianneyRO_TESE.pdf: 2216147 bytes, checksum: b2d6fbc5fd0d0caeaec3ddcbc6246fa1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VianneyRO_TESE.pdf: 2216147 bytes, checksum: b2d6fbc5fd0d0caeaec3ddcbc6246fa1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Two experiments were conducted in the same area, in consecutive years, whose objectives were to evaluate silviagricultural systems involving sabiá, jurema-preta, maize and cowpea. In the experiment-1 (taungya), each tree was grown single and intercropped with annual, which were also grown single. We used the design of randomized blocks, with five replications. In Experiment-2 (alleys), the tree were cut at the time of sowing of annual, being young branches and leaves embedded in consortium areas, and used two cultivars of maize and two traditional varieties of cowpea. In the experiment-1, the yield of corn grain was higher in monocultures, with no difference for mass marketable unhusked green ears (MMUGE). Cropping systems did not differ for yields of green beans and cowpea dry. The tree did not differ in their effects on green ear yield and grain, as well as yield of green beans and cowpea dry. The syndications were economically advantageous when the corn was marketed as green ears and cowpea as green beans. In the experiment-2, the tree continued to grow after the consortium, and the jurema grew more than sabiá from 240 days after sowing. The yields of grain and corn were higher in monocultures, with no difference between cultivars. There was no difference among tree crops and cultivars in their effects on grain yield. To MMUGE, there was interaction tree species x rows of positions, and cultivars (30F35H and AG4051PRO) did not differ for this feature. The yield of cowpea grains were higher in monocultures. The variety of cowpea Lagoa de Pedra was superior to José da Penha in the yield of dry beans, with no difference for green beans. There was interaction among traditional varieties x rows of positions to yield dry and green beans, and tree species x positions of rows to yield green beans. Single annual crops provide the highest values of fresh and dry weed. There was no culture systems effect on the chemical characteristics of the soil / Dois experimentos foram realizados na mesma área, em anos seguidos, cujos objetivos foram avaliar sistemas silviagrícolas envolvendo sabiá, jurema-preta, milho e feijão-caupi. No experimento-1 (taungya), cada arbórea foi cultivada solteira e consorciada com as anuais, que também foram cultivadas solteiras. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. No experimento-2 (aléias), as arbóreas foram cortadas, por ocasião da semeadura das anuais, sendo ramos jovens e folhas incorporados nas áreas consorciadas, e utilizadas duas cultivares de milho e duas variedades tradicionais de feijão-caupi. No experimento-1, o rendimento de grãos de milho foi maior nos monocultivos, não havendo diferença para massa de espigas verdes empalhadas comercializáveis (MEVEC). Sistemas de cultivo não diferiram para rendimentos de grãos verdes e secos de caupi. As arbóreas não diferiram em seus efeitos sobre rendimentos de espigas verdes e de grãos, assim como para rendimentos de grãos verdes e secos de caupi. As consorciações foram vantajosas economicamente quando o milho foi comercializado como espigas verdes e o caupi como grãos verdes. No experimento-2, as arbóreas continuaram crescendo após o consórcio, sendo que a jurema-preta cresceu mais que a sabiá a partir dos 240 dias após a semeadura. Os rendimentos de grãos e de espigas foram maiores nos monocultivos, não havendo diferença entre cultivares. Não houve diferença entre arbóreas e cultivares em seus efeitos sobre o rendimento de grãos. Para MEVEC, houve interação espécies arbóreas x posições de fileiras, e cultivares (30F35H e AG4051PRO) não diferiram para esta característica. Os rendimentos de grãos de caupi foram maiores nos monocultivos. A variedade de caupi Lagoa de Pedra foi superior à José da Penha no rendimento de grãos secos, não havendo diferença para grãos verdes. Houve interação entre variedades tradicionais x posições de fileiras para rendimentos de grãos secos e verdes, e espécies arbóreas x posições de fileiras para rendimento de grãos verdes. Os cultivos solteiros das anuais proporcionaram maiores valores de massas fresca e seca de plantas daninhas. Não houve efeito de sistemas de cultivo nas características químicas do solo / 2017-01-10

This study set out with the premise that many urban alleys have the potential to become city open space assets. The project was designed to develop a process by which alley characteristics may be evaluated for their effect on alley open space potential. The alleys of Old Town Alexandria, Virginia were the inspiration for this study. Old Town is an 18th century city which was established as a settlement on the Potomac River in 1749. For nearly 100 years it flourished as a seaport town. As the town grew, property owners created alleys through the blocks providing rear access to their homes and businesses. The alleys bustled with activity, and became a circulation subsystem to the street and sidewalk circulation. This paper follows the process used to discover alley open space potential in Old Town. However, it is not the findings for Old Town that are most important. It is the process which is the true result of this study. This process can be used as a model by any city or town where there is a desire to better use alley spaces. The four tasks which were found to be important in discovering this open space potential are outlined below. Task One: Evolution of Alley Spaces The purpose of this task is to understand the part the alleys play in the city's circulation system. To know the history of their development and the way they have been used in the past is to learn what makes them important and distinct from other circulation systems in the city. Task Two: Evaluate the Alley Paths The elements that create the"floor, ceiling, and walls" of the alley paths are defined and evaluated for their potentially positive or negative impact on the alley as it is refurbished for pedestrian open space use. Task Three: Alley Potential Use Task three looks at the way different land uses use their alleys. Knowing present alley use allows the development of an alley typology from which decisions concerning potential use can be made. Task Four: Design Proposals Finally, the first three tasks are brought together in the form of design proposals. The proposals become a pallet with which to refurbish the alleys in a way that is sensitive to their history, their character, and their particular open space potential. The project teaches that all urban alleyways are not the same. Each has its own story, and its own particular combination of characteristics. In knowing the alleys as individual, their design as viable open spaces becomes more imaginative. / Master of Landscape Architecture

This diploma work deals with the protection of wood growing outside the forests mainly for their landscaping and esthetic functions. It is divided into three basic parts. The first part briefly reports on the history of the protection of trees in the Czechlands. The second part presents current legislation in the Czech Republic. It describes the general protection of trees, modes of tree felling and compensatory planting. The next chapter explains the special protection of trees - protected trees and the reasons for their declaration of protection. A large space is devoted alleys along roads. Next chapter deals with the protection of trees under private law. The last part od diploma work presents the Slovak legislation of this area and its comparison with the Czech. Keywords trees alleys wood growing outside the forest important landscape elements protected trees legal protection of nature in Czech republic