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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determining Protein Conformational Ensembles by Combining Machine Learning and SAXS / Bestämning av konformationsensembler hos protein genom att kombinera maskininlärning med SAXS

Eriksson Lidbrink, Samuel January 2023 (has links)
In structural biology, immense effort has been put into discovering functionally relevant atomic resolution protein structures. Still, most experimental, computational and machine learning-based methods alone struggle to capture all the functionally relevant states of many proteins without very involved and system-specific techniques. In this thesis, I propose a new broadly applicable method for determining an ensemble of functionally relevant protein structures. The method consists of (1) generating multiple protein structures from AlphaFold2 by stochastic subsampling of the multiple sequence alignment (MSA) depth, (2) screening these structures using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data and a structure validation scoring tool, (3) simulating the screened conformers using short molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and (4) refining the ensemble of simulated structures by reweighting it against SAXS data using a bayesian maximum entropy (BME) approach. I apply the method to the T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) protein and find that the generated ensemble is in good agreement with the SAXS data it is fitted to, in contrast to the original set of conformations from AF2. Additionally, the predicted radius of gyration is much more consistent with the experimental value than what is predicted from a 450 ns long MD simulation starting from a single structure. Finally, I cross-validate my findings against small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data and find that the method-generated ensemble, although not in a perfect way, fits some of the SANS data much better than the ensemble from the long MD simulation. Since the method is fairly automatic, I argue that it could be used by non-experts in MD simulations and also in combination with more advanced methods for more accurate results. I also propose generalisations of the method by tuning it to different biological systems, by using other AI-based methods or a different type of experimental data. / Inom strukturbiologi har ett stort arbete lagts på att bestämma funktionellt relevanta proteinstrukturer på atomnivå. Dock så har de flesta experimentella, simuleringsbaserade och maskinlärningsbaserade metoderna svårigheter med att ensamma bestämma alla funktionellt relevanta strukturer utan väldigt involverade och system-specifika tekniker. I den här masteruppsatsen föreslår jag en ny allmänt applicerbar metod för att bestämma ensembler av funktionellt relevanta proteinstrukturer. Metoden består utav (1) generering av ett flertal proteinkonformationer från AlphaFold2 (AF2) genom att stokastiskt subsampla djupet för multisekvenslinjering, (2) välja ut en delmängd av dessa konformationer med hjälp av small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) och ett strukturvalideringsverktyg, (3) simulera de utvlada konformationerna med hjälp av korta molekyldynamiksimuleringar (MD-simuleringar) och (4) förfina ensemblen av simulerade konformationer genom att vikta om dem utgående från SAXS-data med en Bayesian Maximum Entropy-metod. Jag applicerar min föreslagna metod på proteinet T-cell intracellular antigen-1 och finner att den genererade ensemblen har en god anpassning till den SAXS-profil den är anpassad till, till skillnad från ensemblen av konformationer direkt genererade av AF2. Dessutom är den förutspådda tröghetsradien mycket mer konsekvent med den experimentellt förutspådda radien än vad som förutspås utifrån en 450 ns lång MD-simulering utgående från en ensam struktur. Slutgiltigen korsvaliderar jag mina upptäckter mot data från small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) och finner att den metod-genererade ensemblen, om än inte på ett perfekt sätt, passar en del av SANS-datan mycket bättre än ensemblen från den långa MD simulationen. Då metoden är ganska automatisk så argumenterar jag för att den med fördel kan användas av icke-experter inom MD simuleringar och dessutom kombineras med mer avancerade metoder för ännu bättre resultat. Jag föreslår också generaliseringar av metoden genom att kunna anpassa den till olika biologiska system, genom att använda andra AI-baserade metoder eller att använda andra typer av experimentell data.
2

Prediction of intrinsic disorder using Rosetta ResidueDisorder and AlphaFold2

He, Jiadi January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
3

Computational De Novo Design of Peptide Binders for Modulating TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Huang, Jinling January 2024 (has links)
The human TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is crucial for regulating cellular processes such as transcription, RNA splicing, and mRNA transport and translation. However, its abnormal cytoplasmic aggregation disrupts these functions and contributes to the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study is to design and evaluate cyclic peptide binders capable of modulating the TDP-43 aggregation. Using the AfDesign tool, we generated 84 cyclic peptide binders of varying lengths (10 to 13 amino acids). Analysis revealed 17 binders with pLDDT scores above 70, indicating stable conformation, and 43 binders with pAE scores below 10, suggesting strong binding affinity to the target protein. Further binding affinity analysis with PRODIGY confirmed these results, identifying binders with low dissociation constant. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that peptide binders effectively delayed TDP-43 aggregation. However, permeability studies using Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD) simulation showed that the designed binders had a low permeability coefficient (2.18x10-15 cm/sec), significantly lower than the benchmark for effective permeability. This highlights the need for further optimization to enhance the binders’ permeability. Future work will involve scaling up the design process, improving screening techniques, and employing advanced simulation methods to achieve better insights and more effective peptide binders.

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