Restorative justice was first used in Saskatchewan in 1985 and experienced a meteoric rise over the next two decades. In Saskatchewan, the use of restorative justice is not authorized for certain ‘serious’ offences, including sexual assault and family violence. While the overriding sense is that restorative justice programs have been successful, the momentum surrounding restorative justice has begun to taper off. Exploration into the use of restorative justice with more serious offences is being contemplated to combat the movement’s stagnation. Despite the rapid expansion of restorative justice agencies and organizations in Saskatchewan, little research has been conducted on these programs. In other jurisdictions, the research conducted has largely focused on program outcomes rather than the processes involved. There is also a gap in the research respecting how justice professionals view restorative justice and, in particular, how certain issues, such as safety and power imbalances, are currently addressed and will be addressed if more serious offences are referred to programs. To fill this gap, I conducted a qualitative study to determine how well those involved with Saskatchewan restorative justice programs, such as Crown prosecutors, police and program staff, believe programs are handling the offences currently referred. I also sought their views on the prospect of authorizing the use of restorative justice for more serious offences and what, if anything, must be changed in current programs to meet additional needs. The study revealed a mix of views across the professions, but generally justice professionals in Saskatchewan are resistant to the idea of referring more serious offences to restorative justice programs. Participation in a restorative justice process most deeply influenced views on whether restorative justice is appropriate for more serious offences. The concerns expressed about programs are poor practice or administrative in nature, and are fixable by employing best practices. A provincial strategic plan is needed for restorative justice to move forward. The plan should focus on determining clear goals and measures of success; committing to a set of best practices; more evaluation of programs and the effect of restorative justice on recidivism rates; expanded training for all justice professionals; and a greater investment in ensuring the ‘right’ person is in the room during restorative justice processes. The plan will gain the confidence of justice professionals, policy makers and the public in the ability of restorative justice to handle more serious offences.

Pesquisas têm demonstrado a relação entre a atuação profissional em diversos setores com a incidência de estresse, identificando agentes estressores e mensurando atividades com maior prevalência de desenvolvimento de sintomas característicos dessa doença. Profissões que envolvem cuidado e/ou tutela de pessoas, como profissionais de saúde, professores e agentes prisionais, entre outras, estão entre as que apresentam maiores estatísticas de incidência de estresse. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a incidência de estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) em educadores sociais, profissionais que trabalham com adolescentes privados de liberdade pela prática de atos infracionais. Participaram 22 trabalhadores de um Centro de Socioeducação do Estado do Paraná, todos do sexo masculino e com idade entre 26 e 48 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus (IECFL), adaptação de Savóia (1996), e entrevista semiestrutura. Os inventários foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e as entrevistas utilizando o método de análise temática. Os resultados do ISSL apontaram elevado percentual (59%) de incidência de sintomas de estresse entre os participantes; os domínios do IECFL com maior frequência foram resolução de problemas, aceitação de responsabilidade e suporte social, e as menores frequências corresponderam aos domínios afastamento e confronto. A análise temática identificou um conjunto de categorias: exercício profissional e seus agentes estressores, como excesso de atribuições, a dupla responsabilidade de ressocializar e zelar pela segurança institucional, os conflitos nas relações entre servidores e com a instituição e a falta de perspectivas futuras no desempenho da função; relação institucional e os sentimentos de abandono e não desvalorização sentidos pelo grupo; percepção do processo de adoecimento, com identificação de sintomas de estresse; e estratégias de coping, com reconhecimento de ações de enfrentamento ao processo de estresse. Os resultados poderão contribuir para orientar intervenções de combate à incidência de estresse entre os servidores, com ações curativas e preventivas, além de possibilitar um reordenamento de questões institucionais aqui identificadas com agentes estressores, contribuindo para otimização dos recursos humanos e alcance de maior excelência na realização do trabalho. / Researches have showed a relation between professional activities in different sectors and incidence of stress, identifying stressors and measuring activities with higher prevalence of developing characteristics symptoms of this disease. Professions involving people care and/or guardianship, as health professionals, teachers and custody agents, and others, are among those that present higher statistics of stress. This work aimed at verifying the incidence of stress and coping strategies of social educators, professionals who work with adolescents in custody due criminal offences. 22 workers of a Centre of Alternative Measures of Parana State took place in research, all male aging between 26 and 48 years old. We used Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Inventory (IECFL) and semi structured interview. The inventories were analyzed by descriptive statistics and interviews by thematic analysis method. Results of ISSL showed high percentage (59%) of stress symptoms incidence among participants; IECFL domains with high frequency were problem solving, acceptance of responsibility and social support, and low frequencies matched withdrawal and confrontation domains. Thematic analisys identified a set of categories: professional activities and its stressors, as excess of attributions, double responsibility on resocialize and ensure institutional safety, conflicts on public servants and institution relations and lack of future perspectives on job; institutional relationship and abandonment feelings and non-devaluation felt by the group; sickness process perception, with identification of stress symptoms; and coping strategies, with coping actions recognition on stress process. Results could contribute to guide interventions reducing the incidences of stress among servants, with healing and preventive actions, further on possible institutional issues reordering considering identified stressors, contributing to optimize human resources and higher excellence on job activities.

In this thesis I investigate how the Canadian criminal justice system handles persons with mental disorders who come into conflict with the law. Through an in-depth examination of the Kitchener Mental Health Court this research explores the legal concept of diversion. Diversion is a voluntary option for individuals accused of minor offences. Its main objective is to function as a positive intervention. Offenders who participate in diversionary programs avoid a criminal record but are still held accountable for their criminal behavior. Diversion programs lessen the burden on the criminal justice system by decreasing the volume of caseloads in the courts via diverting individuals away from incarceration through alternative measures. The goal of this study is to uncover the processes involved in diverting offenders away from incarceration and into appropriate mental health treatment. Two theoretical frameworks applicable to mental health courts include the medical model and therapeutic jurisprudence. The thesis explores the philosophies of mental health courts, the principles of sentencing, and the role of community support agencies in the location and provision of mental health treatment. This research includes a six-month observational study of the Kitchener Mental Health Court setting and five in-depth interviews with the Crown prosecutor, defense attorney, Canadian Mental Health Association Court Coordinator, Salvation Army representative, and a mother of one of the accused. The findings from this research suggest that mental health courts strongly adhere to the treatment ideology contained in the medical model and therapeutic jurisprudence. The Kitchener Mental Health Court demonstrates this through its empathetic, treatment-oriented approach towards offenders, language, and commitment to locate appropriate health care. This research also reveals the crucial role community support agencies play in directing individuals towards the necessary health care. But most especially, the evidence points to the role community support agencies play as key facilitators in the legal processes of mental health courts.

In this thesis I investigate how the Canadian criminal justice system handles persons with mental disorders who come into conflict with the law. Through an in-depth examination of the Kitchener Mental Health Court this research explores the legal concept of diversion. Diversion is a voluntary option for individuals accused of minor offences. Its main objective is to function as a positive intervention. Offenders who participate in diversionary programs avoid a criminal record but are still held accountable for their criminal behavior. Diversion programs lessen the burden on the criminal justice system by decreasing the volume of caseloads in the courts via diverting individuals away from incarceration through alternative measures. The goal of this study is to uncover the processes involved in diverting offenders away from incarceration and into appropriate mental health treatment. Two theoretical frameworks applicable to mental health courts include the medical model and therapeutic jurisprudence. The thesis explores the philosophies of mental health courts, the principles of sentencing, and the role of community support agencies in the location and provision of mental health treatment. This research includes a six-month observational study of the Kitchener Mental Health Court setting and five in-depth interviews with the Crown prosecutor, defense attorney, Canadian Mental Health Association Court Coordinator, Salvation Army representative, and a mother of one of the accused. The findings from this research suggest that mental health courts strongly adhere to the treatment ideology contained in the medical model and therapeutic jurisprudence. The Kitchener Mental Health Court demonstrates this through its empathetic, treatment-oriented approach towards offenders, language, and commitment to locate appropriate health care. This research also reveals the crucial role community support agencies play in directing individuals towards the necessary health care. But most especially, the evidence points to the role community support agencies play as key facilitators in the legal processes of mental health courts.

Pesquisas têm demonstrado a relação entre a atuação profissional em diversos setores com a incidência de estresse, identificando agentes estressores e mensurando atividades com maior prevalência de desenvolvimento de sintomas característicos dessa doença. Profissões que envolvem cuidado e/ou tutela de pessoas, como profissionais de saúde, professores e agentes prisionais, entre outras, estão entre as que apresentam maiores estatísticas de incidência de estresse. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a incidência de estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) em educadores sociais, profissionais que trabalham com adolescentes privados de liberdade pela prática de atos infracionais. Participaram 22 trabalhadores de um Centro de Socioeducação do Estado do Paraná, todos do sexo masculino e com idade entre 26 e 48 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus (IECFL), adaptação de Savóia (1996), e entrevista semiestrutura. Os inventários foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e as entrevistas utilizando o método de análise temática. Os resultados do ISSL apontaram elevado percentual (59%) de incidência de sintomas de estresse entre os participantes; os domínios do IECFL com maior frequência foram resolução de problemas, aceitação de responsabilidade e suporte social, e as menores frequências corresponderam aos domínios afastamento e confronto. A análise temática identificou um conjunto de categorias: exercício profissional e seus agentes estressores, como excesso de atribuições, a dupla responsabilidade de ressocializar e zelar pela segurança institucional, os conflitos nas relações entre servidores e com a instituição e a falta de perspectivas futuras no desempenho da função; relação institucional e os sentimentos de abandono e não desvalorização sentidos pelo grupo; percepção do processo de adoecimento, com identificação de sintomas de estresse; e estratégias de coping, com reconhecimento de ações de enfrentamento ao processo de estresse. Os resultados poderão contribuir para orientar intervenções de combate à incidência de estresse entre os servidores, com ações curativas e preventivas, além de possibilitar um reordenamento de questões institucionais aqui identificadas com agentes estressores, contribuindo para otimização dos recursos humanos e alcance de maior excelência na realização do trabalho. / Researches have showed a relation between professional activities in different sectors and incidence of stress, identifying stressors and measuring activities with higher prevalence of developing characteristics symptoms of this disease. Professions involving people care and/or guardianship, as health professionals, teachers and custody agents, and others, are among those that present higher statistics of stress. This work aimed at verifying the incidence of stress and coping strategies of social educators, professionals who work with adolescents in custody due criminal offences. 22 workers of a Centre of Alternative Measures of Parana State took place in research, all male aging between 26 and 48 years old. We used Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Inventory (IECFL) and semi structured interview. The inventories were analyzed by descriptive statistics and interviews by thematic analysis method. Results of ISSL showed high percentage (59%) of stress symptoms incidence among participants; IECFL domains with high frequency were problem solving, acceptance of responsibility and social support, and low frequencies matched withdrawal and confrontation domains. Thematic analisys identified a set of categories: professional activities and its stressors, as excess of attributions, double responsibility on resocialize and ensure institutional safety, conflicts on public servants and institution relations and lack of future perspectives on job; institutional relationship and abandonment feelings and non-devaluation felt by the group; sickness process perception, with identification of stress symptoms; and coping strategies, with coping actions recognition on stress process. Results could contribute to guide interventions reducing the incidences of stress among servants, with healing and preventive actions, further on possible institutional issues reordering considering identified stressors, contributing to optimize human resources and higher excellence on job activities.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-16T20:15:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RodrigoGripaMadalosso.pdf: 2302258 bytes, checksum: fa35fdc256607b2346f7635273a0d2c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:15:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RodrigoGripaMadalosso.pdf: 2302258 bytes, checksum: fa35fdc256607b2346f7635273a0d2c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / The soybeans in Brazil stands out as a major grain grown throughout the country both in the economic and social point of view, as nutritional. However, there are several limiting factors for its production, such as diseases caused by nematodes, primarily the species of the genus Meloidogyne sp. that prevent the production in infested areas. In order to find new alternatives for protection and control of this disease, this study aimed to determine the nematicide activity of Melaleuca alternifolia oil in its pure form and associated with the solid lipid nanocarriers. Appropriate methodologies were employed in 24 well microtiter plates for determination of nematicidal activity in vitro and in vivo. It was found that both the pure essential oil as its form nanostructured showed nematicidal potential in vitro, however, at different times of action. The nematicide action of nanoparticles has also been observed in vivo at different times. All concentrations showed activity and results similar action with the Abamectin, the conventional treatment. In this sense, this paper presents for the first time the action nanoparticles containing M. alternifolia in the treatment / prevention of infections Melodogyne sp .. / A soja se destaca no Brasil como um dos principais grãos cultivados em todo território nacional tanto no ponto de vista econômico e social, quanto nutricional. Entretanto, vários são os fatores limitantes para sua produção, como por exemplo, as doenças causadas por fitonematóides, principalmente, as espécies do gênero Meloidogyne sp. que inviabilizam a produção nas áreas infestadas. A fim de encontrar novas alternativas de proteção e controle desta doença, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a atividade nematicida do óleo de Melaleuca alternifolia em sua forma pura e associado à nanocarreadores lipídicos sólidos. Empregaram-se metodologias adaptadas em placas de poliestireno de 24 poços para determinação da atividade nematicida in vitro e in vivo. Verificou-se que tanto o óleo essencial puro quanto a sua forma nanoestruturada apresentaram potencial nematicida in vitro, no entanto, em tempos diferentes de ação. A ação nematicida das nanopartículas também foi observada in vivo em diferentes tempos. Todas as concentrações apresentaram atividade e resultados similares de ação com a Abamectina, o tratamento convencional. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta pela primeira vez a ação de nanopartículas contendo M. alternifolia no tratamento/prevenção de infecções por Melodogyne sp..

Alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment ABSTRACT This master's thesis deals with the topic of alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment, carry out a critical analysis of its legislation and provide own de lege ferenda proposals. Throughout the whole paper, comparative method is widely used. The Czech legislation is compared not only to the legislation of (central) European states, but to the legislation of the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States as well. The paper is divided into nine chapters in total. The first three chapters provide an excursion to the problematics of the term punishment and its purpose, alternative measures and (predominantly) critical analysis of unconditional sentence of imprisonment. Chapters four to seven analyse individual means of alternative sentences, i.e. house arrest, community service, fine and (supervised) conditional sentence of imprisonment. Each of these chapters is build up on the basis of a uniform model. Within single chapters, every type of punishment is analysed from the point of view of its essence and historical development, imposition and exercise of punishment, conversion of sentence into unconditional...

Magister Legum - LLM / A person should at all times try to avoid the blemish of a previous conviction and a criminal record entered against his name. A criminal record entered against his name could have detrimental consequences for an individual. An accused is usually aware of this if he is involved in a trial and is thereafter convicted and sentenced. However, the same result could occur where a person paid an admission of guilt fine. Such a person could be aware that he has attained a record, but it could also be that a payee1 of a fine is very unaware that he has attained a criminal record that is entered against his name. This study focusses on the legal consequences of the payment of such an admission of guilt fine and will endeavour to investigate the remedies available to an uninformed payee of such fines.

The probation {--} probare in Latin means to examine and verify. The probation can be understood as an alternative of unconditional sentence. Its principal is not only to protect society but also to re {--} educate criminals and to protect them againts harmful consequences of execution of confinement. The probation is one of the methods of treating criminals whereat both aspects penological and social are combined. It is not perceived only as summary of sanction precautions but also as a number of services, activities and operations which are provided by Probation and Mediation Services. The meaning of probation lies in more various access to a treating of criminals of different delicts, using other, more efficient means as a reaction to less serious criminality then confinement is and creating better conditions and ways of major crime sanctions. Criminals are spare from harmful effects which are connected with execution of confinement and they are not exposed to negative experiences with stay in prison.

Post-penitentiary treatment and prevention of recidivism The subject of the submitted thesis is the issue of post-penitentiary treatment and prevention of recidivism and its definition within the Czech legal framework. The thesis is divided into four main chapters which are further divided into subchapters. The first chapter analyses the key concept of the subject of the thesis - that is criminal recidivism, its possible concepts and types. Additionally, this chapter describes the reflection of criminal recidivism in the current Czech legislation, particularly in relation to the determination of the type and severity of penalties of recidivistic offenders. This chapter also deals with the causes of recidivism as an essential prerequisite for the application of appropriate treatment and care within the scope of the penitentiary and post-penitentiary treatment. The second chapter deals with the possible ways of preventing recidivism and is further divided into four subchapters. The first two subchapter describe the system and the purpose of the penalties in the prevention of recidivism, the issue of imposing these penalties on recidivist offenders and the issue of an unconditional prison sentence and the related negative consequences with this type of penalty. The third subchapter discusses the...