Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Leal Vasquez.pdf: 2788014 bytes, checksum: 1a1b396356e35ef01e5ea1797b99bf6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-13 / Governo do Estado do Amapá / In the present work we analyse some penitentiary rules in Brazil in the transition of the 19th to 20th century, specially, in relation to the conception of education, focusing the changing of the scholar curriculum in this period from examples of the Casa de Correção da Corte , Presídio de Fernando de Noronha and Casa de Correção da Capital Federal . Besides that, we discuss the relation between the knowledge corpus , shared by the teachers at the school of the 21st century prison, with the behaviours and knowledges corpus that the captive society produce in the prison environment through the study of case accomplished with prison-students of the Instituto de Administração Penitenciária do Amapá . So, the study object of this research correspond to an essay to construction of interface in the history of science between penitentiary science, penitentiary law and history of penal execution in Brazil / Neste trabalho analisamos alguns regulamentos penitenciários do Brasil da transição do século XIX ao XX, em especial, no que tange à concepção de educação, focalizando a transformação do currículo escolar nesse período a partir de exemplos da Casa de Correção da Corte, Presídio de Fernando de Noronha e Casa de Correção da Capital Federal. Além disso, discutimos a relação entre o corpus de conhecimentos que são compartilhados pelos professores dentro da escola na prisão no século XXI, com o corpus de conhecimentos e comportamentos que a sociedade cativa produz no ambiente prisional a partir de estudo de caso realizado com alunos-presos do Instituto de Administração Penitenciária do Amapá. Desse modo, o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa corresponde a um ensaio para construção de interface na história da ciência entre a ciência penitenciária, direito penitenciário e histórica da execução penal do Brasil

The transmission of sex pheromone-mediated signals is essential for goldfish reproduction. However, the neural pathways underlying this reproductive signalling pathway in the goldfish brain is not well described. Lesioning experiments have shown previously that two brain areas, the preoptic area (POA) and the ventral telencephali pars ventralis (Vv) in particular, are important for reproduction. We used patch clamp electrophysiology to study the electrical activities of POA and Vv neurons. Based on the intrinsic properties of these neurons, we suggest there are five different functional classes of POA neurons and a single class of Vv neurons. In addition, by electrically stimulating the olfactory bulb (OB), we were able to show that this primary sensory structure makes monosynaptic glutamatergic connections with both POA and Vv neurons. While electrophysiology measures signalling events occurring at short time scales on the order of milliseconds to minutes, we were also interested in studying sex pheromone signalling in the goldfish brain over a long time scale. Thus, we describe changes in gene expression in male goldfish exposed to waterborne sex pheromones (17alpha,20beta dihydroxy-4-pregene-3-one and Prostaglandin-F2alpha) over 6 hours. We perform cDNA microarrays on Prostaglandin-F2alpha-treated fish to study the rapid modulation of transcription and define the signalling pathways affected. Our microarrays showed that 71 genes were differentially regulated (67 up and 4 down). Through gene ontology enrichment analysis, we found that these genes were involved in various biological processes such as RNA processing, neurotransmission, neuronal development, apoptosis, cellular metabolism and sexual reproduction. RT-PCRs were performed to validate our microarrays and to facilitate direct comparisons of the effects of the two sex pheromones, 17alpha,20beta dihydroxy-4-pregene-3-one and Prostaglandin-F2alpha. By combining electrophysiology and gene expression analyses, we were able to study sex-pheromone signalling on two different time scales. One short, occurring on the order of milliseconds to minutes, that involves electrical activities in the brain through the glutamatergic amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors; and the other long occurring several hours later that involves changes in the gene expression levels of calmodulin and ependymin among other genes underlying neuroplasticity. Reproductive neuroplasticity in the goldfish may therefore require the activation of glutamatergic receptors which then activate downstream signals like calmodulin and ependymin to transform the sex pheromones-mediate signal into gene expression.

Orientador: Newton Muller Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:47:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Graf_Roberta_D.pdf: 1029060 bytes, checksum: b8dd1845aefb344e1e0aa5fd3682bfb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nessa Tese desenvolveu-se o conceito da Política Ambiental Transversal, que representa a internalização da sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental no conjunto das políticas públicas de uma localidade. Parte-se da premissa de que a política ambiental transversal é mais adequada do que a política ambiental exclusivamente setorial por possibilitar o alcance de modelos de desenvolvimento ambientalmente mais sustentáveis, tal qual preconiza a Agenda 21. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram caracterizar a política ambiental transversal nos seus aspectos teóricos e metodológicos e analisar dois estudos de caso: as políticas ambientais recentes dos estados amazônicos do Acre (estudo principal) e do Amapá (estudo complementar). Sob o ideário do ¿desenvolvimento sustentável¿, governos destes estados adotaram prioridades ambientais em seus programas, os quais podem representar iniciativas de transversalidade. Na investigação utilizou-se um arcabouço conceitual composto da sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental, de noções históricas do ambientalismo (com destaque para as escolas do Ecodesenvolvimento e da Ecologia Profunda), da Ecologia, do paradigma sistêmico (teorias da complexidade), da Análise de Políticas Públicas, das prioridades sócio-ambientais para o bioma amazônico, bem como das interfaces da questão ambiental com a Ciência e Tecnologia e com a Economia. A análise dos casos do Acre e do Amapá revelou que a variável ambiental tem sido incorporada em diversas políticas públicas, e isto pôde ser comprovado por meio da evolução positiva de indicadores de sustentabilidade nestes estados. Pode-se dizer, portanto, que em ambos estados ocorrem experiências de política ambiental transversal, embora com algumas limitações, o que demonstra que essa nova concepção tem sido uma tendência significativa. A caracterização teórico-metodológica da política ambiental transversal, feita com aportes da literatura, pôde então ser aprimorada com os resultados dos estudos de caso / Abstract: In this Thesis it was developed the concept of Transverse Environmental Policy, which represent the internalization of socio-environmental sustainability through a set of public policies of a locality. The premiss was that the transverse environmental policy is more successful that exclusive sectorial environmental policy to reach environmental more sustainable development models, as preconized by Agenda 21. The objectives of the research went to characterize the transverse environmental policy in its theoretical and methodological aspects and to analyze two case studies: recent environmental policies of the amazonian states of Acre (principal study) and Amapa (complemental study). By the approach of ¿sustainable development¿, governs of these states adopted environmental priorities in their programs, whose can represent transverse initiatives. In the investigation it was used a conceptual frame composed by socio-environmental sustainability, historic notions of environmentalism (with distinction to Ecodevelopment and Deep Ecology schools), Ecology, systemic paradigm (complexity theories), Public Policy Analysis, socio-environmental priorities for the amazonian biome, as with the interfaces of the environmental question with Science and Technology and the Economy. The analysis of Acre and Amapa cases revealed that environmental variable have been incorporated in diverse public policies, and this was confirmed by the positive evolution of sustainable indicators in these states. It can be affirmed, therefore, that in both states occur experiences of transverse environmental policy, in despite of some limitations, and this fact demonstrates that the new conception of environmental policy have been a significative tendency. The theoretic-methodological characterization of transverse environmental policy, made by literature resources, was then improved with the case studies results / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

The transmission of sex pheromone-mediated signals is essential for goldfish reproduction. However, the neural pathways underlying this reproductive signalling pathway in the goldfish brain is not well described. Lesioning experiments have shown previously that two brain areas, the preoptic area (POA) and the ventral telencephali pars ventralis (Vv) in particular, are important for reproduction. We used patch clamp electrophysiology to study the electrical activities of POA and Vv neurons. Based on the intrinsic properties of these neurons, we suggest there are five different functional classes of POA neurons and a single class of Vv neurons. In addition, by electrically stimulating the olfactory bulb (OB), we were able to show that this primary sensory structure makes monosynaptic glutamatergic connections with both POA and Vv neurons. While electrophysiology measures signalling events occurring at short time scales on the order of milliseconds to minutes, we were also interested in studying sex pheromone signalling in the goldfish brain over a long time scale. Thus, we describe changes in gene expression in male goldfish exposed to waterborne sex pheromones (17alpha,20beta dihydroxy-4-pregene-3-one and Prostaglandin-F2alpha) over 6 hours. We perform cDNA microarrays on Prostaglandin-F2alpha-treated fish to study the rapid modulation of transcription and define the signalling pathways affected. Our microarrays showed that 71 genes were differentially regulated (67 up and 4 down). Through gene ontology enrichment analysis, we found that these genes were involved in various biological processes such as RNA processing, neurotransmission, neuronal development, apoptosis, cellular metabolism and sexual reproduction. RT-PCRs were performed to validate our microarrays and to facilitate direct comparisons of the effects of the two sex pheromones, 17alpha,20beta dihydroxy-4-pregene-3-one and Prostaglandin-F2alpha. By combining electrophysiology and gene expression analyses, we were able to study sex-pheromone signalling on two different time scales. One short, occurring on the order of milliseconds to minutes, that involves electrical activities in the brain through the glutamatergic amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors; and the other long occurring several hours later that involves changes in the gene expression levels of calmodulin and ependymin among other genes underlying neuroplasticity. Reproductive neuroplasticity in the goldfish may therefore require the activation of glutamatergic receptors which then activate downstream signals like calmodulin and ependymin to transform the sex pheromones-mediate signal into gene expression.