Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989.

published_or_final_version / Electrical Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Orientador: Heitor Moreno Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ludovico_NelsonDinamarco_D.pdf: 11127350 bytes, checksum: fac2a775e3c6969068fdbd9ca7d14542 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda caracterizada como lesão de órgão alvo aumenta o risco de morbi-mortalidade de 5 a 9 vezes quando presente. A detecção precoce da HVE permite a identificação de pacientes com risco, além de permitir a intervenção de forma precoce, melhorando o planejamento estratégico para o seu manejo. A hipertensão arterial resistente é caracterizada pelo paciente, que mesmo em uso de três medicações em doses otimizadas, sendo um deles diurético, ainda se mantém fora das metas preconizadas. Vários métodos diagnósticos de hipertrofia estão disponíveis para o diagnóstico da HVE, entre eles se destaca o ecocardiograma com elevada sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia, o eletrocardiograma, com elevada especificidade, porém baixa sensibilidade e acurácia, em contrapartida com excelente reprodutibilidade e baixo custo operacional, e fácil realização, inclusive em locais afastados dos grandes centros, em contraposição ao ecocardiograma. Outro método, não muito usado na prática clínica, o vetorcardiograma, pode atualmente, ser realizado no mesmo equipamento do eletrocardiograma, justificando assim a sua empregabilidade na prática clínica diária. Apresentou em nosso estudo a mesma baixa sensibilidade e acurácia que o eletrocardiograma, compatíveis com estudos publicados recentemente, porém a associação de dois critérios, um eletrocardiográfico e outro vetorcardiográfico melhorou a sensibilidade e acurácia na detecção da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, sem prejuízo para a especificidade, com valores próximos ao ecocardiograma / Abstract: Left ventricular hypertrophy characterized as target-organ damage increases the risk of morbidity and mortality 5-9 times when present. Early detection of LVH allows the identification of patients at risk, and allows intervention at an early stage, improving strategic planning for its management. The resistant hypertension is characterized by the patient, even taking three medications in doses optimized, one being a diuretic, is still outside of the recommended goals. Several diagnostic methods are available to hypertrophy the diagnosis of LVH, including echocardiography stands out with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the electrocardiogram, with high specificity but low sensitivity and accuracy, in contrast with excellent reproducibility and low operating cost, and easy to perform, even in places far from the large centers, in contrast echocardiography. Another method, not widely used in clinical practice, the vectorcardiogram, can now be performed on the same equipment on the electrocardiogram, thereby justifying their employability in daily clinical practice. In our study vectorcardiography presented the same low sensitivity and accuracy than electrocardiography, consistent with recently published studies, but the combination of two criteria, an electrocardiogram and other vetorcardiográfico improved sensitivity and accuracy in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy, without prejudice to the specificity, with values close to echocardiography / Doutorado / Farmacologia / Doutor em Farmacologia

Wu, Kin Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 槪要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Outline of the Proposed Design --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Purposes of the Present Study --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background and Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Electrocardiogram --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Conventional ECG Measurement --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Heart Rate --- p.8 / Chapter 2.4 --- Heart Rate Variability --- p.9 / Chapter 2.5 --- Capacitive Sensing --- p.11 / Chapter 2.6 --- Review of ECG Monitoring System by Capacitive Sensing On a Sleeping Bed --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- System Design and Implementation --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Hardware --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Bedsheet Sensor --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Pre-amplifier --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Measuring Device --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Power Supply & PCB Layout --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Software --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Detection of R Waves --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Tracking of HR & Mean RR Intervals --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Estimation of Signal-to-Noise Ratios --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Preliminary Tests on the Functionality of the Proposed System --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1 --- Test I - Test on the Arrangement of Electrodes --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Methods --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Results --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Test II - Test on the ECG Measurement of Subjects in Different Sleeping Postures --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Methods --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Experiments on the Performance of Continuous Monitoring of ECG and HR --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experiment I - Experiment on the Reliability of the Proposed System for Continuous Monitoring of ECG and HR on Thirty Subjects --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Methods --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Results --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiment II - Experiment on the Feasibility of the Proposed System for Continuous Monitoring of ECG and HR on a Subject During an Eight-hour Sleep --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Materials --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Methods --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussions --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1 --- Selection of the Passband of the Proposed Circuit --- p.81 / Chapter 6.2 --- Arrangement of Electrodes on the Bedsheet --- p.82 / Chapter 6.3 --- Practical Design of Electrodes --- p.83 / Chapter 6.4 --- Performance of Continuous Monitoring of HR by Using the Proposed System --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / References --- p.88

Background: A major obstacle in the investigation of geriatric cardiovascular diseases lies in establishing normal ranges for the senescence. On account of this, there is much debate about the standards of normality for this population group. There have been few researches on the patterns of Mean Heart Rate (MHR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and autonomic regulation during the aging process. Objectives: To identify distribution patterns of the MHR and HRV in time domain employing 24-hour ambulatory Holter in adults and in the elderly considered active from a functional point of view and without evidence of cognitive impairment. The VFC was interpreted as global autonomic modulation (GAM) via SDNN, SDANN and SDNNIDX, as well as parasympathetic outflow (PF) via MSSD and pNN50. Methods: We assessed the impact of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and three comorbidities: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia and non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). It is a cross-sectional study, with prospectively and consecutively collected data, and an "all comers" enrollment. Results: A sample of 1743 subjects (aged 40-100 years) was divided into 5 age groups: 40-49; 50-59; 60-69; 70-79; ≥ 80 years. Regression analysis, generalized linear model and several analyses of variance were employed in the statistical evaluation. The MHR decreased with age (p<0.001), and females MHR was higher in all age groups (p<0.001). In spite of the statistical significance, it displayed a minor relevance after the coefficients and Cohen s d (0.31) were estimated. The BMI and the comorbidities did not present association with the MHR. Regarding HRV, there was a linear decrease in SDNN, SDANN and SDNNIDX with age (p<0,001), mostly in women (p<0,001), whereas rMSSD and pNN50 presented a U shaped curve, decreasing up to the sixth decade and then going upwards with further ageing. NIDD had association with lower values of all parameters of HRV (p<0,001). Dyslipidemia and SAH did not present statistical significance. BMI was associated with a lower GAM. Conclusion: the MHR decreased with ageing, and males tended to present a lower MHR in all age groups. The difference, however, was of slight magnitude. SAH, dyslipidemia and NIDD were not associated with the patterns of MHR. The HRV findings point to a general decrease in GAM with ageing. The PF decreased with age up to the 6th decade and then started to increase (U-shape pattern). Females presented a lesser GAM and a higher PF. There was association between NIDD and lower values of GAM as well as PF. Dyslipidemia and SAH had no association with the parameters of HRV. Since the GAM decreased linearly with age (contrary to the U-shaped pattern of PF), our findings suggest that it may be due to a balance in favor of the sympathetic outflow throughout the ageing process. In women, a higher MHR on a par with a lower GAM suggest a predominance of the sympathetic outflow in this gender. / Fundamento: Um grande obstáculo na investigação de enfermidades cardiovasculares geriátricas reside em estabelecer padrões de normalidade durante a senescência. Discute-se muito, portanto, acerca dos valores de referência nesse grupo populacional. Há escassez de pesquisas acerca dos padrões de Frequência Cardíaca Média (FCM), Variabilidade de Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) e regulação autonômica durante o processo de envelhecimento. Objetivos: Identificar padrões de distribuição de FCM e VFC no domínio do tempo, mediante Holter ambulatorial de 24 horas, em adultos e idosos funcional e cognitivamente ativos. A VFC foi interpretada em termos de modulação autonômica global (MAG) via SDNN, SDANN e SDNNIDX, e fluxo parassimpático (FP) via rMSSD e pNN50, Métodos: Avaliou-se o impacto da idade, gênero, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e três comorbidades: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus não insulinodependente (DMNID). Estudo transversal, com coleta de dados prospectiva e consecutiva, e estratégia de arrolamento all comers . Resultados: A amostra de 1743 indivíduos, com idade variando entre 40 e 100 anos, foi dividida em cinco grupos etários: 40 49; 50 59; 60 69; 70 79; ≥ 80 anos. Regressão linear, modelo linear generalizado e diversas formas de análises de variância foram empregados na avaliação estatística. A FCM apresentou decréscimo com a idade (p< 0,001) e a FCM de mulheres foi mais elevada em todos os estratos etários (p< 0,001). Não obstante a significância estatística, a relevância, mensurada pelos coeficientes e d de Cohen (0,31), é de pequena monta. O IMC e as comorbidades não se associaram aos valores de FCM. Quanto à VFC, ocorreu redução linear da SDNN, SDANN e SDNNIDX com a idade (p<0,001), principalmente em mulheres (p<0,001), e curva em U para o rMSSD e pNN50, com decréscimo até a sexta década e incremento em diante. DMNID se associou a redução de todos os parâmetros de VFC (p<0,001). Dislipidemia e HAS não apresentaram valores significativos. O IMC esteve associado a menor MAG. Conclusão: A FCM decresceu com a idade em ambos os gêneros, apresentando valores menores no gênero masculino em todas as faixas etárias. A diferença, embora estatisticamente significativa, é de pequena magnitude. HAS, dislipidemia e DMNID não influenciaram significativamente nos padrões de FCM. Os achados de VFC apontam para redução da MAG com a idade. O fluxo parassimpático reduziu até a sexta década, passando então a aumentar com o avanço posterior de idade (padrão em U). O gênero feminino apresentou menor MAG e maior FP. Houve associação entre DMNID e menores valores de MAG e FP. Dislipidemia e HAS não tiveram associação com parâmetros de VFC. Considerando que a MAG diminuiu com a idade (ao contrário do padrão em U para o FP), os achados sugerem que isso se deva a elevação progressiva do balanço autonômico a favor do simpático durante o processo de envelhecimento. Uma maior FCM em mulheres, aliada a menores valores de fluxo global, também sugerem predomínio do fluxo simpático nesse gênero.