No description available.

No description available.

A general history of voting requirements, primarily minimum age requirements, was reviewed. Merits of and objections to the eighteen-year-old vote were brought out, as well as individual state action and past Congressional action to lower the voting age. However, the main emphasis of the paper concerned efforts to secure ratification of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which provided that the minimum voting age in all elections be lowered to eighteen. Common Cause, a nonpartisan, citizens' lobby, headquartered in Washington, D.C., was one of the principal organizations which lobbied for the passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment. Their lobbying techniques and approach to individual states were investigated. Their campaign was successful in securing ratification of the amendment. It was also important because it was the first nationwide, state-by-state effort to lobby for ratification of a federal constitutional amendment and because of its effect on the ratification process. / Master of Arts

Geohumus is a new, unique hybrid soil amendment made of polyacrylic acid, igneous rock flour, and quartz sand. It is biodegradable and is marketed to increase soil porosity, increase plant yield, and increase plant available water by up to 30%, all while using a low inclusion rate of only 1 - 2% volume/volume (v/v). The objective of this research was to evaluate uses of Geohumus in a turfgrass setting. Two field trials and one greenhouse trial were conducted between the summers of 2010, 2011, and 2012. For the field incorporation study, Geohumus was mixed with USGA (United States Golf Association) specified sand and incorporated at a 1% v/v ratio into an existing perennial ryegrass stand maintained at two heights of cut using various incorporation machinery. Treatments included incorporation of Geohumus via an aerator, dethatcher, Graden, or simulated drill-and-fill. Daily light box pictures were analyzed using SigmaScan Pro software to compare percent green cover among treatments and to establish which plots were to receive irrigation. The readings showed significant differences among treatments in irrigation applications required to keep the turf green. The aeration treatment by itself was as effective as any treatment with Geohumus incorporation. Aeration provided a 35% reduction in irrigation applications on the 61 mm height of cut in 2011 and a 24% reduction in irrigation applications on the same height in 2012. The second field trial evaluated various soil amendments for use in divot repair mixes under full sun and partial shade conditions. In addition to differing microclimates, divots were further evaluated by receiving either one or two irrigation applications per day. Uniform divots with dimensions of 10.16 x 7.62 cm were created using a spring-loaded catapult with a hula-hoe attachment. Treatments applied consisted of combinations of United States Golf Association (USGA) specified sand and perennial ryegrass seed but differed according to soil amendments which were incorporated into the divot mixes based on volume (v/v). Soil amendments tested included Geohumus (1% v/v), Zeba (1% v/v), Axis (10% v/v), Lassenite ATS (10% v/v), Dakota Peat (10% v/v), Scotts EZ Seed (10% v/v), and Wondersoil (10% v/v). Weekly ratings were taken using light box pictures in conjunction with digital analysis software to measure percent green cover. Results indicated that microclimate and irrigation frequency affected the establishment of divot repair mixes more than the presence of soil amendments. A third trial comparing perennial ryegrass root masses grown in rooting boxes in a greenhouse showed major differences as influenced by placement of Geohumus within the soil profile. Geohumus influenced root mass in the upper 7.6 cm of the soil profile but no significant differences were found at lower depths. Geohumus incorporated at a 7.6 - 12.7 cm depth appeared to be the most influential depth for increasing root mass in the upper 7.6 cm of the profile. / Graduation date: 2013

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-209). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2006. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 99 p. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

In the relatively low lying delta area west of Ogden, Utah several thousand acres of potentially productive lands have been seriously affected by the accumulation of soluble salts and the associated condition of excessive exchangeable sodium. As a part of the Weber Basin Project, much of this large area of undeveloped or only partially developed land is proposed for irrigation. Successful irrigation of these salt-affected lands, however, is dependent upon their reclamation and improvement.

It is the purpose of this Thesis to start an analysis of metaconstitutional review, understood as the process through which an entity such as a Constitutional Court or Supreme Court reviews the compliance of the acts of the Constituent with superior values or fills constitutional gaps with such values. This, in order to explain its separate nature from constitutional review, to determine whether it is compatible with the traditional conception of popular sovereignty as the ultimate source of power and the legitimizing element of the constitutional system and to determine whether or not metaconstitutional review could prevent social change by entrenching certain values.

It is the purpose of this Thesis to start an analysis of metaconstitutional review, understood as the process through which an entity such as a Constitutional Court or Supreme Court reviews the compliance of the acts of the Constituent with superior values or fills constitutional gaps with such values. This, in order to explain its separate nature from constitutional review, to determine whether it is compatible with the traditional conception of popular sovereignty as the ultimate source of power and the legitimizing element of the constitutional system and to determine whether or not metaconstitutional review could prevent social change by entrenching certain values.