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This is an inquiry into the evolution of the North American suburb by way of review of notable historical precedents of various types of suburban developments. / A precept of this thesis is that the current, dominant form of urbanization is of a suburban nature, characterized by vast areas of low-density, single-use, disjointed compartments of daily life; that suburbanization has become the physical de-construction of community; and that suburbanization at its most extreme is ultimately deleterious to a healthy society and environmentally unsustainable. The suburban environment is far from the desired ideal and in fact is an aberration. / Given our seemingly innate desire for the ideal of a "home within a garden," and through the inquiry into the successes and failures of past planned suburbs, it is hoped that a better understanding and a melding of the ideal and an equitable reality can be obtained, promoting a healthy, vibrant sense of community that is environmentally sustainable. / The examples of planned suburban precedents that are examined include industrial towns, railroad and streetcar suburbs, as well as pre- and post-war automobile suburbs. Also there is some examination of utopian and alternative planning theories as well as contemporary examples of successful planned communities. All of which provide a greater understanding of the principles that must be applied to address the issues of our future urbanization process, which will likely be of a suburban nature. / It is hoped that through this inquiry into successful suburban precedents, that a clearer understanding can be achieved of how to more closely attain the individual ideal of a home within a garden, while balancing the collective needs of a community and sustainability, within an inherently chaotic, free-market process.

This study analyses certain aspects of the relationship between culture and technology by using the example of the 35mm still photographic camera. Methodologically, the study integrates two perspectives in communication theory, namely diffusion of innovation and cultural studies. The study consists of five segments. First, the need for technological innovation is defined in terms of developing social formations. Secondly, the history of photographic research and development is traced in terms of various models of industrial development, and in terms of the horizontal and vertical integration of manufacturing. The commercialization of the camera is treated in relation to the history of markets, and their disturbances by war and other political developments. Next, the study provides an analysis of specialty magazine advertising as it relates to the 35mm camera. Finally, the adoption and utilization of this new technology are discussed in terms of the competing interests of various social formations in modern society.

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua have all experienced significant social, economic, and political changes during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua experienced violent national revolts, while Costa Rica and Honduras did not. I tested a process theory that endeavored to account for the origins and intensity of national revolts in Central America. The analysis was formulated in a most-similar-systems (MSS) design. Pooled cross-sectional time-series regression techniques were employed in order to conform with the MSS variation-finding strategy. The findings supported the conclusion that armed attacks against the state were not random occurrences, but rather, that they may have arisen in response to certain economic and political conditions.

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This is a study of human sacrifice among the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas.